蓟马复合种在芒果植株上的空间分布和理论抽样
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摘要
为弄清蓟马在芒果植株上的空间分布格局,确定芒果蓟马监测及防控的抽样技术和方法,分别于芒果嫩梢期和扬花期,调查芒果植株不同冠层蓟马虫数。结果表明:不同地区芒果园蓟马的为害程度差异较大。芒果植株不同冠层均有蓟马分布为害,芒果花期取中、下层花穗,嫩梢期取中、上层叶片能较准确反应出植株的受害情况。芒果蓟马的分布型受种群密度的影响,密度低时为均匀分布,密度高时为聚集分布;聚集程度随密度升高而增大,个体间相互吸引。利用聚集均数分析聚集原因,发现芒果蓟马的聚集主要是由蓟马自身的习性和环境共同作用引起的。应用Iwao理论抽样原理,建立了芒果扬花期及嫩梢期的抽样模型:N=(8.8543/m+0.2098)t~2/D~2和N=(1.8462/m+0.1513)t~2/D~2。
To clarify the spatial distribution pattern of thrips on mango trees and to establish the sampling techniques and methods in monitoring and controlling mango thrips, the number of thrips were investigated on the canopies of mango trees in the periods of current-shoot growth and blooming. The results showed that the damage degree of thirps were different in different orchards and areas. All of canopies could be damaged by thrips. The mid-layer and underlayer flower clusters in blooming stage and mid-layer and up-layer leaves could be sampled to reflect the damage conditions of mango trees. The spatial distribution of mango thrips was affected by its population density. The uniform and aggregation distributions existed in the low and high population density of mango thrips, respectively. Hereinto, the aggregation degree of mango thrips rose with the increase of the population densities, and the thrips individuals could attract each other. According to aggregation mean analysis, the habit of mango thrips and environment conditions could cause the aggregations. In addition, the sampling models of mango thrips were established in current-shoot growth and blooming of mango trees, which are N =(8.8543/m +0.2098)t~2/D~2 and N =(1.8462/m +0.1513)t~2/D~2, respectively.
To clarify the spatial distribution pattern of thrips on mango trees and to establish the sampling techniques and methods in monitoring and controlling mango thrips, the number of thrips were investigated on the canopies of mango trees in the periods of current-shoot growth and blooming. The results showed that the damage degree of thirps were different in different orchards and areas. All of canopies could be damaged by thrips. The mid-layer and underlayer flower clusters in blooming stage and mid-layer and up-layer leaves could be sampled to reflect the damage conditions of mango trees. The spatial distribution of mango thrips was affected by its population density. The uniform and aggregation distributions existed in the low and high population density of mango thrips, respectively. Hereinto, the aggregation degree of mango thrips rose with the increase of the population densities, and the thrips individuals could attract each other. According to aggregation mean analysis, the habit of mango thrips and environment conditions could cause the aggregations. In addition, the sampling models of mango thrips were established in current-shoot growth and blooming of mango trees, which are N =(8.8543/m +0.2098)t~2/D~2 and N =(1.8462/m +0.1513)t~2/D~2, respectively.
引文
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[17]李志敏,杨珺,陈艳秋,等.昆明大棚月季上西花蓟马种群动态与空间分布[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(4):966-971.
[2]任海保,张林艳,马克平.不同植物类群物种丰富度垂直格局分形特征的比较[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(6):901-909.
[3]刘玉良,米福贵,特木尔布和,等.蓟马对紫花苜蓿危害的空间分布特征[J].华北农学报,2009,24(2):218-222.
[4]韩冬银,邢楚明,李磊,等.海南芒果蓟马种群的活动及消长规律[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(7):1297-1301.
[5]林长河.三亚芒果蓟马的为害特点及防治策略[J].中国南方果树,2004,33(1):26-28.
[6]黄华,牛黎明,韩冬银,等.海南岛芒果蓟马种类调查研究[J].生态科学,2010,29(4):385-389.
[7]邢楚明,韩冬银,李磊,等.蓟马在芒果园田间的时空动态[J].环境昆虫学报,2017,39(6):1258-1265.
[8]徐汝梅,成新跃.昆虫种群生态学:基础与前沿[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:3-13.
[9]丁岩钦.昆虫种群数学生态学原理与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.
[10]陈红星,童晓立.垂叶榕榕管蓟马空间分布型及其抽样模型[J].环境昆虫学报,2014,36(5):828-832.
[11]韩冬银,邢楚明,李磊,等.芒果花果期蓟马寄主植物间迁移对其种群数量增长的影响[J].昆虫学报,2017,60(6):723-730.
[12]蒋兴川,李志华,曹志勇,等.蔬菜花期蓟马的种群动态与空间分布研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50(6):1628-1636.
[13]何平,余爽,王友富,等.西花蓟马在石榴上的空间分布型及理论抽样数[J].植物保护,2012,38(4):131-132.
[14]范咏梅,童晓立,高良举,等.普通大蓟马在海南豇豆上的空间分布型[J].环境昆虫学报,2013,35(6):737-743.
[15]路虹,宫亚军,石宝才,等.西花蓟马在黄瓜和架豆上的空间分布型及理论抽样数[J].昆虫学报,2007,50(11):1187-1193.
[16]Pearsall I A,Myers J H.Evaluation of sampling methodology for determining the phenology,relative density,and dispersion of western flower thrips(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)in nectarine orchards[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2000,93(2):494-502.
[17]李志敏,杨珺,陈艳秋,等.昆明大棚月季上西花蓟马种群动态与空间分布[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(4):966-971.
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