不同振动特性参数对杏树振动响应的影响
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摘要
为研究振动时间、振动频率和振动激励点振幅等不同振动特性参数对杏树振动的影响,该文利用ANSYS软件对杏树进行了有限元建模分析;通过三因素三水平试验分析不同振动特性参数对杏树振动检测点的影响,利用Design Expert软件进行优化分析,并进行实验室验证试验。杏树自由模态振动响应分析表明最佳杏树振动采收响应频率范围为0～20 Hz;谐振动响应分析可知在最佳频率范围内,杏树振动激励点振幅为5、10和15 mm时,同一频率下,随着激励振幅的增大,相同位置加速度增大,但振动曲线整体变化规律和趋势一致。试验分析可知,各因素影响检测点1和2加速度的强弱顺序一致:激励点振幅>振动频率>振动时间;各因素影响检测点3加速度的强弱顺序为:振动时间>激励点振幅>振动频率;建立3个检测点的响应方程,由下至上3个检测点的回归方程决定系数分别为0.906 7、0.879 3和0.973 3;多目标参数优化结果为:振动时间7.207 s,振动频率15 Hz,激振点振幅10 mm,通过验证试验可知由下至上各检测点加速度为10.4g、10.2g和9.3 g,与优化值相近。该研究可为杏振动采收机械参数设计提供参考。
In this paper, the combination of finite element modeling and experiment was used to study the effects of different vibration parameters such as vibration time(A), amplitude(B) of the vibration excitation point on apricot tree vibration and vibration frequency(C), and optimize the performance of forest fruit vibration harvesting prototype. The effects of different vibration parameters on the vibration detection points of apricot trees were analyzed by vibration response test. The response analysis of apricot tree free modal vibration using ANSYS Workbench software showed that apricot trees had typical free modal responses at 15, 26, 30 and 40 orders, the corresponding frequencies were 5.5, 10.5, 15.1, and 29.3 Hz, respectively; and the maximum displacement deformation of fruit trees was 286.5, 261.9, 267.2, and 273.5 mm, respectively. The typical free modal cloud image analysis showed that the typical free modalities of the 15 th and 26 th orders were higher in the terminal end responsiveness of the apricot branches. The 30 th order fruit tree had a high overall response consistency, and the apricot tree had the largest deformation response at the end; at the 40 th order of 29.3 Hz, some branches of the fruit trees were severely deformed, and the overall structure of the tree was easily destroyed. The optimal response frequency of apricot tree vibration harvesting ranged from 0 to 20 Hz. The harmonic response analysis showed that in the optimal frequency range, the acceleration of the same position increased with the increase of the excitation amplitude at the same frequency, but the overall variation of the vibration curve was consistent with the trend; When the amplitude of the vibration excitation point of the apricot tree was 5, 10 and 15 mm, at the same frequency, as the excitation amplitude increased, the acceleration at the same position increased, but the overall variation of the vibration curve was consistent with the trend. The three-factor and three-level vibration response tests were conducted to study the effects of vibration time, vibration frequency and excitation point amplitude on the acceleration of three different detection points. The multivariate regression analysis of variance showed that the accelerations P1 and P2 of detection points 1 and 2 were less than 0.000 1, the overall model was highly significant(P<0.01), and the model regression terms B and C were significant. The acceleration P3 of the detection point 3 was 0.000 1, and the overall model was highly significant(P<0.01), except that the acceleration P3 value of the detection point 3 of the model regression terms AB, AC and A2 was not significant(P>0.05), and other regression terms were significant(P<0.05). The factors which affected the acceleration of the detection points 1 and 2 were the same as the amplitude of the excitation point, vibration frequency and vibration time. The order of the magnitude of the acceleration affecting the detection point 3 was the vibration time, the amplitude of the excitation point, and the vibration frequency. Through the response equations of the three detection points, the coefficient of determination R2 of the regression equations from the bottom to the top three detection points were 0.906 7, 0.879 3 and 0.973 3, respectively. Using the Design-Expert 10.0.3 software to optimize the detection point response equation, the optimal vibration recovery parameter combination was that the vibration time was 7.207 s, the vibration frequency was 15 Hz, and the amplitude of the excitation point was 10 mm. The verification test showed that the acceleration from the bottom to the top of each detection point was 10.4, 10.2 and 9.3 g, which was similar to the optimized value. These conclusions can provide design and theoretical basis for the design of mechanical parameters of apricot vibration harvesting.
In this paper, the combination of finite element modeling and experiment was used to study the effects of different vibration parameters such as vibration time(A), amplitude(B) of the vibration excitation point on apricot tree vibration and vibration frequency(C), and optimize the performance of forest fruit vibration harvesting prototype. The effects of different vibration parameters on the vibration detection points of apricot trees were analyzed by vibration response test. The response analysis of apricot tree free modal vibration using ANSYS Workbench software showed that apricot trees had typical free modal responses at 15, 26, 30 and 40 orders, the corresponding frequencies were 5.5, 10.5, 15.1, and 29.3 Hz, respectively; and the maximum displacement deformation of fruit trees was 286.5, 261.9, 267.2, and 273.5 mm, respectively. The typical free modal cloud image analysis showed that the typical free modalities of the 15 th and 26 th orders were higher in the terminal end responsiveness of the apricot branches. The 30 th order fruit tree had a high overall response consistency, and the apricot tree had the largest deformation response at the end; at the 40 th order of 29.3 Hz, some branches of the fruit trees were severely deformed, and the overall structure of the tree was easily destroyed. The optimal response frequency of apricot tree vibration harvesting ranged from 0 to 20 Hz. The harmonic response analysis showed that in the optimal frequency range, the acceleration of the same position increased with the increase of the excitation amplitude at the same frequency, but the overall variation of the vibration curve was consistent with the trend; When the amplitude of the vibration excitation point of the apricot tree was 5, 10 and 15 mm, at the same frequency, as the excitation amplitude increased, the acceleration at the same position increased, but the overall variation of the vibration curve was consistent with the trend. The three-factor and three-level vibration response tests were conducted to study the effects of vibration time, vibration frequency and excitation point amplitude on the acceleration of three different detection points. The multivariate regression analysis of variance showed that the accelerations P1 and P2 of detection points 1 and 2 were less than 0.000 1, the overall model was highly significant(P<0.01), and the model regression terms B and C were significant. The acceleration P3 of the detection point 3 was 0.000 1, and the overall model was highly significant(P<0.01), except that the acceleration P3 value of the detection point 3 of the model regression terms AB, AC and A2 was not significant(P>0.05), and other regression terms were significant(P<0.05). The factors which affected the acceleration of the detection points 1 and 2 were the same as the amplitude of the excitation point, vibration frequency and vibration time. The order of the magnitude of the acceleration affecting the detection point 3 was the vibration time, the amplitude of the excitation point, and the vibration frequency. Through the response equations of the three detection points, the coefficient of determination R2 of the regression equations from the bottom to the top three detection points were 0.906 7, 0.879 3 and 0.973 3, respectively. Using the Design-Expert 10.0.3 software to optimize the detection point response equation, the optimal vibration recovery parameter combination was that the vibration time was 7.207 s, the vibration frequency was 15 Hz, and the amplitude of the excitation point was 10 mm. The verification test showed that the acceleration from the bottom to the top of each detection point was 10.4, 10.2 and 9.3 g, which was similar to the optimized value. These conclusions can provide design and theoretical basis for the design of mechanical parameters of apricot vibration harvesting.
引文
[1]包文泉,乌云塔娜,王淋,等.野生杏和栽培杏的遗传多样性和遗传结构分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(2):201-209.Bao Wenquan,Wuyun Tana,Wang Lin,et al.Genetic diversity and population structure of the wild apricot and cultivation apricot[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2017,18(2):201-209.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[3]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
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[5]Pezzi F,Caprara C.Mechanical grape harvesting:Investigation of the transmission of vibrations[J].Biosystems Engineering,2009,103(3):281-286.
[6]Torregrosa A,OrtíE,Martín B,et al.Mechanical harvesting of oranges and mandarins in Spain[J].Biosystems Engineering,2009,104(1):18-24.
[7]Whitney J D,Smerage G H,Block W A.Dynamic analysis of a trunk shaker-post system[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1990,33(4):1066-1070.
[8]Horvath E,Sitkei G.Damping properties of plum trees shaken at their trunks[J].Transactions of the ASAE,2005,48(1):19-25.
[9]Láng Z.A one degree of freedom damped fruit tree model[J].Agricultural Engineering International Cigr Journal,2008,51(3):823-829.
[10]Horvath E,Sitkei G.Energy consumption of selected tree shakers under different operational conditions[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,2001,80(2):191-199.
[11]Torregrosa A,Martin B,Garcia Brunton J,et al.Mechanical harvesting of processed peaches[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2008,24(6):723-729.
[12]Castro-García S,Blanco-Roldán G L,Gil-Ribes J A.Vibrational and operational parameters in mechanical cone harvesting of stone pine(Pinus pinea L.)[J].Biosystems Engineering,2012,112(4):352-358.
[13]Castro-García S,Blanco-Roldán G L,Gil-Ribes J A,et al.Dynamic analysis of olive trees in intensive orchards under forced vibration[J].Trees,2008,22(6):795-802.
[14]Adrian P A,Fridley R B.Mechanical fruit tree shaking[J].California Agriculture,1958,12:3-15.
[15]Aristizábal I D,Oliveros C E,Alvarez F.Mechanical harvest of coffee applying circular and multidirectional vibrations.[J].Transactions of the ASAE,2003,46(2):205-210.
[16]Polat R,Guner M,Dursun E,et al.Mechanical harvesting of almond with an inertia type limb shaker[J].Asian Journal of Plant Sciences,2007,6(3):528-532.
[17]Du X,Chen D,Zhang Q,et al.Dynamic responses of sweet cherry trees under vibratory excitations[J].Biosystems Engineering,2012,111(3):305-314.
[18]Wu C,He L,Du X,et al.3D reconstruction of Chinese hickory tree for dynamics analysis[J].Biosystems Engineering,2014,119(1):69-79.
[19]Du X Q,Wu C Y,He L Y,et al.Dynamic characteristics of dwarf Chinese hickory trees under impact excitations for mechanical fruit harvesting[J].International Journal of Agricultural&Biological Engineering,2015,8(1):17-25.
[20]杜小强,倪柯楠,潘珂,等.可调振幅单向拽振式林果采收机构参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(16):25-32.Du Xiaoqiang,Ni Ke’nan,Pan Ke,et al.Parameter optimization of stroke-adjustable and monodirectional pulling fruit harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(16):25-32.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]杜小强,倪柯楠,武传宇.基于外旋轮线轨迹的果品振动采收机构研究[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(3):59-66.Du Xiaoqiang,Ni Ke’nan,Wu Chuanyu.Vibratory harvesting mechanism for tree fruit based on epitrochoid[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(3):59-66.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]杜小强,李党伟,贺磊盈,等.基于电子果实技术的机械振动采收过程果实运动分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(17):58-64.Du Xiaoqiang,Li Dangwei,He Leiying,et al.Fruit motion analysis in process of mechanical vibration harvesting based on electronic fruit technique[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(17):58-64.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]乔园园,牛长河,孟详金,等.牵引式林果振动采收机的设计与田间试验[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(3):528-534.
[24]王长勤,许林云,周宏平,等.偏心式林果振动采收机的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(16):10-16.Wang Changqin,Xu Linyun,Zhou Hongping,et al.Development and experiment of eccentric-type vibratory harvester for forest-fruits[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(16):10-16.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]蔡菲,王春耀,王学农,等.基于高速摄像技术的振动落果惯性力研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(4):208-212.Cai Fei,Wang Chunyao,Wang Xuenong,et al.Inertia force of fruits abscised by vibration based on high-speed video camera technology[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University:Nat.Sci.Ed,2013,41(4):208-212.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]付威,何荣,曲金丽,等.自走式矮化密植红枣收获机的设计[J].农机化研究,2014,36(4):106-109.
[27]范雷刚,王春耀,刘梦霞,等.振动参数对果树采收影响的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(10):165-168.
[28]杜小强,李松涛,贺磊盈,等.三维激振果品采收机构优化设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(16):48-55.Du Xiaoqiang,Li Songtao,He Leiying,et al.Optimal design and experiment on vibratory fruit harvesting mechanism with three-dimensional excitation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(16):48-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]王冬,陈度,王书茂,等.基于有限元方法的整形果树振动收获机理分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(增刊1):56-62.Wang Dong,Chen Du,Wang Shumao,et al.Analysis on vibratory harvesting mechanism for trained fruit tree based on finite element method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(Supp.1):56-62.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]散鋆龙,杨会民,王学农,等.振动方式和频率对杏树振动采收响应的影响[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(8):10-17.San Yunlong,Yang Huimin,Wang Xuenong,et al.Effects of vibration mode and frequency on vibration harvesting of apricot trees[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(8):10-17.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]散鋆龙,杨会民,王学农,等.振动收获过程中杏果实脱落的动态响应分析[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(18):68-75.San Yunlong,Yang Huimin,Wang Xuenong,et al.Dynamic response analysis of apricot fruit dropping during vibration harvesting[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(18):68-75.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]廖康.新疆野生果树资源研究[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,2013.
[3]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[4]BlancoRoldán G L,GilRibes J A,Kouraba K,et al.Effects of trunk shaker duration and repetitions on removal efficiency for the harvesting of oil olives[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2009,25(3):329-334.
[5]Pezzi F,Caprara C.Mechanical grape harvesting:Investigation of the transmission of vibrations[J].Biosystems Engineering,2009,103(3):281-286.
[6]Torregrosa A,OrtíE,Martín B,et al.Mechanical harvesting of oranges and mandarins in Spain[J].Biosystems Engineering,2009,104(1):18-24.
[7]Whitney J D,Smerage G H,Block W A.Dynamic analysis of a trunk shaker-post system[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1990,33(4):1066-1070.
[8]Horvath E,Sitkei G.Damping properties of plum trees shaken at their trunks[J].Transactions of the ASAE,2005,48(1):19-25.
[9]Láng Z.A one degree of freedom damped fruit tree model[J].Agricultural Engineering International Cigr Journal,2008,51(3):823-829.
[10]Horvath E,Sitkei G.Energy consumption of selected tree shakers under different operational conditions[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,2001,80(2):191-199.
[11]Torregrosa A,Martin B,Garcia Brunton J,et al.Mechanical harvesting of processed peaches[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2008,24(6):723-729.
[12]Castro-García S,Blanco-Roldán G L,Gil-Ribes J A.Vibrational and operational parameters in mechanical cone harvesting of stone pine(Pinus pinea L.)[J].Biosystems Engineering,2012,112(4):352-358.
[13]Castro-García S,Blanco-Roldán G L,Gil-Ribes J A,et al.Dynamic analysis of olive trees in intensive orchards under forced vibration[J].Trees,2008,22(6):795-802.
[14]Adrian P A,Fridley R B.Mechanical fruit tree shaking[J].California Agriculture,1958,12:3-15.
[15]Aristizábal I D,Oliveros C E,Alvarez F.Mechanical harvest of coffee applying circular and multidirectional vibrations.[J].Transactions of the ASAE,2003,46(2):205-210.
[16]Polat R,Guner M,Dursun E,et al.Mechanical harvesting of almond with an inertia type limb shaker[J].Asian Journal of Plant Sciences,2007,6(3):528-532.
[17]Du X,Chen D,Zhang Q,et al.Dynamic responses of sweet cherry trees under vibratory excitations[J].Biosystems Engineering,2012,111(3):305-314.
[18]Wu C,He L,Du X,et al.3D reconstruction of Chinese hickory tree for dynamics analysis[J].Biosystems Engineering,2014,119(1):69-79.
[19]Du X Q,Wu C Y,He L Y,et al.Dynamic characteristics of dwarf Chinese hickory trees under impact excitations for mechanical fruit harvesting[J].International Journal of Agricultural&Biological Engineering,2015,8(1):17-25.
[20]杜小强,倪柯楠,潘珂,等.可调振幅单向拽振式林果采收机构参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(16):25-32.Du Xiaoqiang,Ni Ke’nan,Pan Ke,et al.Parameter optimization of stroke-adjustable and monodirectional pulling fruit harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(16):25-32.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]杜小强,倪柯楠,武传宇.基于外旋轮线轨迹的果品振动采收机构研究[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(3):59-66.Du Xiaoqiang,Ni Ke’nan,Wu Chuanyu.Vibratory harvesting mechanism for tree fruit based on epitrochoid[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(3):59-66.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]杜小强,李党伟,贺磊盈,等.基于电子果实技术的机械振动采收过程果实运动分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(17):58-64.Du Xiaoqiang,Li Dangwei,He Leiying,et al.Fruit motion analysis in process of mechanical vibration harvesting based on electronic fruit technique[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(17):58-64.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]乔园园,牛长河,孟详金,等.牵引式林果振动采收机的设计与田间试验[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(3):528-534.
[24]王长勤,许林云,周宏平,等.偏心式林果振动采收机的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(16):10-16.Wang Changqin,Xu Linyun,Zhou Hongping,et al.Development and experiment of eccentric-type vibratory harvester for forest-fruits[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(16):10-16.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]蔡菲,王春耀,王学农,等.基于高速摄像技术的振动落果惯性力研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(4):208-212.Cai Fei,Wang Chunyao,Wang Xuenong,et al.Inertia force of fruits abscised by vibration based on high-speed video camera technology[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University:Nat.Sci.Ed,2013,41(4):208-212.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]付威,何荣,曲金丽,等.自走式矮化密植红枣收获机的设计[J].农机化研究,2014,36(4):106-109.
[27]范雷刚,王春耀,刘梦霞,等.振动参数对果树采收影响的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(10):165-168.
[28]杜小强,李松涛,贺磊盈,等.三维激振果品采收机构优化设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(16):48-55.Du Xiaoqiang,Li Songtao,He Leiying,et al.Optimal design and experiment on vibratory fruit harvesting mechanism with three-dimensional excitation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(16):48-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]王冬,陈度,王书茂,等.基于有限元方法的整形果树振动收获机理分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(增刊1):56-62.Wang Dong,Chen Du,Wang Shumao,et al.Analysis on vibratory harvesting mechanism for trained fruit tree based on finite element method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(Supp.1):56-62.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]散鋆龙,杨会民,王学农,等.振动方式和频率对杏树振动采收响应的影响[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(8):10-17.San Yunlong,Yang Huimin,Wang Xuenong,et al.Effects of vibration mode and frequency on vibration harvesting of apricot trees[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(8):10-17.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]散鋆龙,杨会民,王学农,等.振动收获过程中杏果实脱落的动态响应分析[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(18):68-75.San Yunlong,Yang Huimin,Wang Xuenong,et al.Dynamic response analysis of apricot fruit dropping during vibration harvesting[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(18):68-75.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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