热应激对泌乳母猪泌乳量、血液生化指标和免疫指标的影响
|
摘要
本研究旨在探讨热应激对泌乳母猪泌乳量、血液生化指标和免疫指标的影响。泌乳母猪的舒适温度区为16～22℃,因此分别在高温季节(日平均温度28.41℃)和适温季节(日平均温度20.78℃)各对20头长白泌乳母猪(初产母猪6头,经产母猪14头)开展相应的热应激和非热应激试验,检测并分析泌乳母猪在2种不同环境温度下的泌乳量、血液生化指标和免疫指标变化。结果表明:热应激极显著降低了混合胎次所有母猪泌乳期的泌乳量(P<0.01),其中热应激显著降低了初产母猪泌乳第21～24、25～28天的日均泌乳量(P<0.05),并极显著降低了经产母猪泌乳第5～8、9～12、17～20、21～24、25～28天的日均泌乳量(P<0.01);热应激还造成总蛋白含量、谷丙转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),总胆固醇含量极显著降低,而尿素氮含量和乳酸脱氢酶活性极显著增加(P<0.01);热应激对泌乳母猪的免疫性能造成严重影响,导致IgM、补体3、γ干扰素含量显著增加及CD8活性显著增强(P<0.05),IgG和白细胞介素-2含量极显著增加(P<0.01)。综上,持续热应激会导致泌乳母猪泌乳量减少,血液生化指标和免疫指标发生显著改变,从而对泌乳母猪的健康产生不利影响。
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of heat stress on milk yield, blood biochemical and immunological indices of lactating sows. Since 16～22℃ is the thermal comfort zone for lactating sows, heat stress experiment and no heat-stress experiment were carried out on 20 Landrace lactating sows respectively in high temperature season(average daily temperature 28.41℃) and mild temperature season(average daily temperature 20.78℃). Then, the milk yield, blood biochemical and immunological parameters were measured and carried out statistical analysis. The results showed that heat stress reduced milk yield of all mixed parities lactating sows during lactation significantly(P<0.01), in which average daily milk yield(ADMY) at lactation 21～24 d and 25～28 d of primiparous sows were decreased(P<0.05), furthermore, ADMY at lactation 5～8 d, 9～12 d, 17～20 d, 21～24 d and 25～28 d of multiparous sows were decreased remarkably(P<0.01). For blood biochemical parameters, total protein(TP) content and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activity under heat stress were lower than those under non-heat stress(P<0.05), and total cholesterol(TCH) concentration under heat stress were lower than that under non-heat stress significantly(P<0.01), however, heat stress increased blood urea nitrogen(BUN) concentration, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity remarkably(P<0.01). Finally, heat stress also affected lactating sows’ immune function significantly, resulting in an increase in CD8 activity and IgM, complement 3(C3) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) contents(P<0.05), and increasing the IgG and interleukin-2(IL-2) contents significantly(P<0.01). In conclusion, continuously heat stress had significant effects on milk yield, blood biochemical indices and immune performance, which could cause negative effects on lactating sows’ health.
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of heat stress on milk yield, blood biochemical and immunological indices of lactating sows. Since 16～22℃ is the thermal comfort zone for lactating sows, heat stress experiment and no heat-stress experiment were carried out on 20 Landrace lactating sows respectively in high temperature season(average daily temperature 28.41℃) and mild temperature season(average daily temperature 20.78℃). Then, the milk yield, blood biochemical and immunological parameters were measured and carried out statistical analysis. The results showed that heat stress reduced milk yield of all mixed parities lactating sows during lactation significantly(P<0.01), in which average daily milk yield(ADMY) at lactation 21～24 d and 25～28 d of primiparous sows were decreased(P<0.05), furthermore, ADMY at lactation 5～8 d, 9～12 d, 17～20 d, 21～24 d and 25～28 d of multiparous sows were decreased remarkably(P<0.01). For blood biochemical parameters, total protein(TP) content and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activity under heat stress were lower than those under non-heat stress(P<0.05), and total cholesterol(TCH) concentration under heat stress were lower than that under non-heat stress significantly(P<0.01), however, heat stress increased blood urea nitrogen(BUN) concentration, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity remarkably(P<0.01). Finally, heat stress also affected lactating sows’ immune function significantly, resulting in an increase in CD8 activity and IgM, complement 3(C3) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) contents(P<0.05), and increasing the IgG and interleukin-2(IL-2) contents significantly(P<0.01). In conclusion, continuously heat stress had significant effects on milk yield, blood biochemical indices and immune performance, which could cause negative effects on lactating sows’ health.
引文
[1]Gourdine J L,Bidanel J P,Noblet J,et al.Effects of breed and season on performance of lactating sows in a ropical humid climate[J].J Anim Sci,2006,84(2):360-369.
[2]Laspiur J P,Trottier N L.Effect of dietary arginine supplementation and environmental temperature on sow lactation performance[J].Livest Prod Sci,2001,70(1):159-165.
[3]Saker K E,Fike J H,Veit H,et al.Brown seaweed-(Tasco)treated conserved forage enhances antioxidant status and immune function in heat-stressed wether lambs[J].J Anim Physiol An N,2010,88(3-4):122-130.
[4]St-pierre N R,Cobanov B,Schnitkey G.Economic losses from heat stress by US livestock industries 1[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86(5):52-77.
[5]胡艳欣,佘锐萍,张洪玉,等.热应激后猪血清中IL-2、IFN-γ及TNF-α水平的动态变化[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(5):496-499.
[6]Salakjohnson J L,Mcglone J J.Making sense of apparently conflicting data:Stress and immunity in swine and cattle[J].JAnim Sci,2007,85(13):81-88.
[7]张金枝.瘦肉型母猪饲养技术手册[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005:288-289.
[8]West J W.Effects of heat-st ress on production in dair y cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86(6):2131-2144.
[9]Almond P K,Bilkei G.Seasonal infertility in large pig production units in an Eastern-European climate[J].Aust Vet J,2010,83(6):344-346.
[10]Black J L,Mullan B P,Lorschy M L,et al.Lactation in the sow during heat stress[J].Livest Prod Sci,1993,35(1-2):153-170.
[11]Gourdine J L,Mandonnet N,Giorgi M,et al.Genetic para meter s for t her moreg u lat ion a nd product ion t r ait s i n lactating sows reared in tropical climate[J].Animal,2016,11(3):365-374.
[12]李桦,杨梅梅,屈倩,等.绿茶多酚对热应激肉鸡血生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2016,36(5):801-803.
[13]Hocking P M,Maxwell M H,MitchellI M A.Haematology and blood composition at two ambient temperatures in genetically fat and lean adult broiler breeder females fed ad libitum or restricted throughout life[J].Brit Poultry Sci,1994,35(5):799-807.
[14]施力光,彭维祺,胡海超,等.持续性环境热应激对公羊血液生化指标、生殖激素及精液品质的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(3):53-57.
[15]朱慧丽,吴宁,朱根生,等.热应激对两种高密度饲养模式下笼养蛋鸡血液生化指标的影响[J].中国家禽,2018,40(8):32-38.
[16]Schneider P L,Beede D K,Wilcox C J.Nycterohemeral patterns of acid-base status,mineral concentrations and digestive function of lactating cows in natural or chamber heat stress environments[J].J Anim Sci,1988,66(1):112-125.
[17]杨梅梅,李桦,屈倩,等.复方藿香口服液对热应激肉鸡血液生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国兽医科学,2015,45(11):1201-1205.
[18]Cousens L P,Orange J S,Biron C A.Endogenous IL-2 contributes to T cell expansion and IF N-gam ma production du r ing lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in fection[J].J Immunol,1995,155(5):5690-5699.
[19]杨汉春.动物免疫学[M].第2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2004:80-81.
[20]王志平,张士璀,王光锋.鱼类补体系统成分及补体特异性和功能的研究进展[J].水生生物学报,2008,32(5):760-769.
[21]昝琦,刘欣,逄越,等.补体C3结构与功能研究进展[J].中国免疫学杂志,2014,30(4):549-553.
[2]Laspiur J P,Trottier N L.Effect of dietary arginine supplementation and environmental temperature on sow lactation performance[J].Livest Prod Sci,2001,70(1):159-165.
[3]Saker K E,Fike J H,Veit H,et al.Brown seaweed-(Tasco)treated conserved forage enhances antioxidant status and immune function in heat-stressed wether lambs[J].J Anim Physiol An N,2010,88(3-4):122-130.
[4]St-pierre N R,Cobanov B,Schnitkey G.Economic losses from heat stress by US livestock industries 1[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86(5):52-77.
[5]胡艳欣,佘锐萍,张洪玉,等.热应激后猪血清中IL-2、IFN-γ及TNF-α水平的动态变化[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(5):496-499.
[6]Salakjohnson J L,Mcglone J J.Making sense of apparently conflicting data:Stress and immunity in swine and cattle[J].JAnim Sci,2007,85(13):81-88.
[7]张金枝.瘦肉型母猪饲养技术手册[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005:288-289.
[8]West J W.Effects of heat-st ress on production in dair y cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86(6):2131-2144.
[9]Almond P K,Bilkei G.Seasonal infertility in large pig production units in an Eastern-European climate[J].Aust Vet J,2010,83(6):344-346.
[10]Black J L,Mullan B P,Lorschy M L,et al.Lactation in the sow during heat stress[J].Livest Prod Sci,1993,35(1-2):153-170.
[11]Gourdine J L,Mandonnet N,Giorgi M,et al.Genetic para meter s for t her moreg u lat ion a nd product ion t r ait s i n lactating sows reared in tropical climate[J].Animal,2016,11(3):365-374.
[12]李桦,杨梅梅,屈倩,等.绿茶多酚对热应激肉鸡血生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2016,36(5):801-803.
[13]Hocking P M,Maxwell M H,MitchellI M A.Haematology and blood composition at two ambient temperatures in genetically fat and lean adult broiler breeder females fed ad libitum or restricted throughout life[J].Brit Poultry Sci,1994,35(5):799-807.
[14]施力光,彭维祺,胡海超,等.持续性环境热应激对公羊血液生化指标、生殖激素及精液品质的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(3):53-57.
[15]朱慧丽,吴宁,朱根生,等.热应激对两种高密度饲养模式下笼养蛋鸡血液生化指标的影响[J].中国家禽,2018,40(8):32-38.
[16]Schneider P L,Beede D K,Wilcox C J.Nycterohemeral patterns of acid-base status,mineral concentrations and digestive function of lactating cows in natural or chamber heat stress environments[J].J Anim Sci,1988,66(1):112-125.
[17]杨梅梅,李桦,屈倩,等.复方藿香口服液对热应激肉鸡血液生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国兽医科学,2015,45(11):1201-1205.
[18]Cousens L P,Orange J S,Biron C A.Endogenous IL-2 contributes to T cell expansion and IF N-gam ma production du r ing lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in fection[J].J Immunol,1995,155(5):5690-5699.
[19]杨汉春.动物免疫学[M].第2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2004:80-81.
[20]王志平,张士璀,王光锋.鱼类补体系统成分及补体特异性和功能的研究进展[J].水生生物学报,2008,32(5):760-769.
[21]昝琦,刘欣,逄越,等.补体C3结构与功能研究进展[J].中国免疫学杂志,2014,30(4):549-553.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |