典型分布式发电市场化交易机制分析与建议
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摘要
中国于2017年11月发布了《关于开展分布式发电市场化交易试点的通知》(简称《通知》),拉开分布式发电市场化交易帷幕。但分布式交易在中国仍处于试点阶段,交易模式、交易机制等问题还需进一步探索。文中首先阐述了分布式交易的基本概念和特点,总结了国外主要三种分布式交易机制及其应用和发展现状,对比分析了《通知》给出的试点交易模式,进而重点分析了分别位于英国、德国和美国的三个具有代表性的对等(P2P)电能交易平台。最后,对中国未来分布式交易的发展进行了探讨,希望能为中国电力交易发展提供一定的借鉴。
In November 2017,China issued Notice on the Pilot Market-based Trading of Distributed Generation(hereinafter referred to as " Notice" ),which opened the curtain of market-based distributed generation trading.Considering distributed generation trading is still in the pilot stage in China,some problems such as the trading mode and trading mechanism need further exploration.Firstly,the basic concepts and characteristics of distributed generation trading are expounded,and three main foreign distributed generation trading mechanisms and their application and development status are summarized.This paper makes a comparative analysis of the pilot trading model given by the Notice,and then focuses on the analysis of three representative peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading platforms located in the United Kingdom,Germany and the United States.Finally,the future development of distributed generation trading in China is discussed,hoping to provide some reference for the development of China" s power trading.
In November 2017,China issued Notice on the Pilot Market-based Trading of Distributed Generation(hereinafter referred to as " Notice" ),which opened the curtain of market-based distributed generation trading.Considering distributed generation trading is still in the pilot stage in China,some problems such as the trading mode and trading mechanism need further exploration.Firstly,the basic concepts and characteristics of distributed generation trading are expounded,and three main foreign distributed generation trading mechanisms and their application and development status are summarized.This paper makes a comparative analysis of the pilot trading model given by the Notice,and then focuses on the analysis of three representative peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading platforms located in the United Kingdom,Germany and the United States.Finally,the future development of distributed generation trading in China is discussed,hoping to provide some reference for the development of China" s power trading.
引文
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[28]YOO Y-S,HWANG T,KANG S,et al.Peer-to-peer based energy trading system for heterogeneous small-scale DERs[C]//International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence,October 18-20,2017,Jeju,South Korea:813-816.
[2]SCHILLER B.This blockchain-based energy platform is building apeer-to-peer grid[EB/OL].[2018-10-16].https://www.fastcompany.com/40479952/this-blockchain-basedenergy-platform-is-building-a-peer-to-peer-grid.
[3]MIHAYLOV M,JURADO S,AVELLANA N,et al.SCANERGY:a scalable and modular system for energy trading between prosumers[C]//International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-agent Systems,May 4-8,2015,Istanbul,Turkey:1917-1918.
[4]Powerledger.The power to trade electricity will soon be in the hands of every roof-top solar panel owner[EB/OL].[2018-02-07].https://web.powerledger.io/mediarelease/.
[5]ZHANG C,WU J,LONG C,et al.Review of existing peer-topeer energy trading projects[J].Energy Procedia,2017,105:2563-2568.
[6]PARK C,YONG T.Comparative review and discussion on P2Pelectricity trading[J].Energy Procedia,2017,128:3-9.
[7]MURKIN J,CHITCHYAN R,FERGUSON D.Goal-based automation of peer-to-peer electricity trading[C]//31st International Conference on Environmental Information and Communication Technologies(EnviroInfo),September 13-15,2017,Luxembourg City,Luxembourg:139-151.
[8]ZHANG C,WU J,CHENG M,et al.A bidding system for peer-to-peer energy trading in a grid-connected microgrid[J].Energy Procedia,2016,103:147-152.
[9]LONG C,WU J,ZHANG C,et al.Feasibility of peer-to-peer energy trading in low voltage electrical distribution networks[J].Energy Procedia,2017,105:2227-2232.
[10]MORSTYN T,FARRELL N,DARBY S J,et al.Using peerto-peer energy-trading platforms to incentivize prosumers to form federated power plants[J].Nature Energy,2018,3(2):94-101.
[11]PARAG Y,SOVACOOL B K.Electricity market design for the prosumer era[J].Nature Energy,2016,1:16032.
[12]MARQUS A,SERRANO M,KARNOUAKOS S,et al.NOBEL-a neighborhood oriented brokerage electricity and monitoring system[C]//Energy-Efficient Computing and Networking,May 31-June 1,2011,New York,USA:187-196.
[13]PENTLAND W.Autogrid systems strikes deal with dutch energy provider for software defined power plant[EB/OL].[2015-11-13].https://www.forbes.com/sites/williampentland/2015/11/13/autogrid-systems-strikes-dealwith-dutch-energy-provider-for-software-defined-power-plant/%20pp.
[14]National Grid.Implementation plan for distributed system platform REV demonstration project[EB/OL].[2016-08-15].http://documents.dps.ny.gov/public/Common/ViewDoc.aspx?DocRefId=%7B4091DFAD-3661-47C1-9BEB-A936E1134B89%7D.
[15]国家能源局.关于开展分布式发电市场化交易试点的通知[EB/OL].[2017-11-14].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-11/14/content_5239535.htm.National Energy Administration.Notice on piloting marketbased distributed generation trading[EB/OL].[2017-11-14].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-11/14/content_5239535.htm.
[16]Open Utility.A glimpse into the future of Britain’s energy economy[R].UK:Open Utility,2016.
[17]Current News.UKPN takes up open utility’s Piclo for new flexibility marketplace[EB/OL].[2018-01-16].http://www.current-news.co.uk/news/ukpn-takes-up-open-utilitys-piclofor-new-flexibility-marketplace.
[18]国家能源局.能源局新能源司解读分布式发电市场化交易[EB/OL].[2017-12-27].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2017-12/27/c_136855153.htm.National Energy Administration.Interpretation of marketbased distributed generation trading from New Energy Division of National Energy Administration[EB/OL].[2017-12-27].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2017-12/27/c_136855153.htm.
[19]BRANDHERM B,BAUS J,FREY J.Peer energy cloud-civil marketplace for trading renewable energies[C]//8th International Conference on Intelligent Environments,June 26-29,2012,Guanajuato,Mexico:375-378.
[20]LO3Energy.Exergy business whitepaper[EB/OL].[2017-12-14].https://exergy.energy/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Exergy-BIZWhitepaper-v3-2.pdf.
[21]张宁,王毅,康重庆,等.能源互联网中的区块链技术:研究框架与典型应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(15):4011-4023.ZHANG Ning,WANG Yi,KANG Chongqing,et al.Blockchain technique in the energy internet:preliminary research frame-work and typical applications[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(15):4011-4023.
[22]何继江.分布式发电市场化交易试点释读16:广州市过网费测算[EB/OL].[2018-03-04].http://www.sohu.com/a/224813185_100049846.HE Jijiang.Interpretation of piloting market-based distributed energy trading 16:estimation of network fees in Guangzhou[EB/OL].[2018-03-04].http://www.sohu.com/a/224813185_100049846.
[23]Open Utility.Local grid charging whitepaper[R].UK:Open Utility,2017.
[24]国家能源局.国家能源局关于印发《完善电力辅助服务补偿(市场)机制工作方案》的通知[EB/OL].[2017-11-15].http://zfxxgk.nea.gov.cn/auto92/201711/t20171122_3058.htm.National Energy Administration.Notice of the national energy administration on printing and distributing the work plan for improving the compensation for electric power auxiliary services(market)mechanism[EB/OL].[2017-11-15].http://zfxxgk.nea.gov.cn/auto92/201711/t20171122_3058.htm.
[25]GOOD N,ELLIS K A,MANCARELLA P.Review and classification of barriers and enablers of demand response in the smart grid[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,72:57-72.
[26]PETRAS.The Internet of energy things(P2P-IoET)[EB/OL].[2017-07-13].https://www.petrashub.org/portfolioitem/the-internet-of-energy-things-p2p-ioet/.
[27]ALVARO H R,FRAILE A J,ZUFIRIA P J,et al.Peer to peer energy trading with electric vehicles[J].IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine,2016,8(3):33-44.
[28]YOO Y-S,HWANG T,KANG S,et al.Peer-to-peer based energy trading system for heterogeneous small-scale DERs[C]//International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence,October 18-20,2017,Jeju,South Korea:813-816.
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