淋雨对短空气间隙操作冲击放电影响的实验研究
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摘要
为研究降雨条件下空气间隙的操作冲击放电特性,通过实验对比研究获得了干燥和淋雨条件下间隙距离为10～60 cm球-板、棒-板间隙正极性操作冲击放电曲线。研究表明淋雨造成球-板间隙正极性操作冲击击穿电压降低幅度大于棒-板间隙;雨量大小对棒-板间隙击穿电压的影响不明显;雨量为0.5～3.9mm/min时,直径10cm球电极间隙距离30cm,操作冲击击穿电压较干燥条件降低15.8%～32.6%;雨水电导率为100～2000μS/cm时,击穿电压随电导率的增加而降低,但随着间隙距离的增加,球-板、棒-板间隙操作冲击击穿电压降低幅度减弱,且雨水电导率对球-板间隙操作冲击击穿电压的影响更为明显;雨水的存在会使放电时延较干燥时有变短趋势,使间隙在波前击穿的几率增大,且雨水通道会影响放电的发展路径。
To study discharge characteristics of air gap under rainfall, ball-plate and rod-plate gaps are selected as research models, and switching impulse breakdown voltage curves are obtained under the condition of dry and artificial rain condition in laboratory with clearance distance of 10 ～ 60 cm in this paper. Research shows that influence of ball-plate gap on breakdown voltage is greater than that of rod-plate gap under rain condition. Influence of rainfall intensity on breakdown voltage of rod-plate gap is not obvious. When the rainfall intensity is 0.5～3.9 mm/min, the clearance distance is 30 cm, and the diameter of spherical electrode is 10 cm, the switching impulse breakdown voltage is reduced by 15.8%～32.6% compared to dry condition. When the rain conductivity is in range 100 ～ 2000 μS/cm, breakdown voltage will decrease with increase of the conductivity. But with increase of gap distance, the decrease of switching impulse breakdown voltage will weaken for ball-plate and rod-plate gaps, and effect of rain conductivity on ball-plate gap is more obvious. Rainwater will shorten discharge time, and the breakdown more likely happens at the front of waveform, and the water channel will affect development path of the discharge.
To study discharge characteristics of air gap under rainfall, ball-plate and rod-plate gaps are selected as research models, and switching impulse breakdown voltage curves are obtained under the condition of dry and artificial rain condition in laboratory with clearance distance of 10 ～ 60 cm in this paper. Research shows that influence of ball-plate gap on breakdown voltage is greater than that of rod-plate gap under rain condition. Influence of rainfall intensity on breakdown voltage of rod-plate gap is not obvious. When the rainfall intensity is 0.5～3.9 mm/min, the clearance distance is 30 cm, and the diameter of spherical electrode is 10 cm, the switching impulse breakdown voltage is reduced by 15.8%～32.6% compared to dry condition. When the rain conductivity is in range 100 ～ 2000 μS/cm, breakdown voltage will decrease with increase of the conductivity. But with increase of gap distance, the decrease of switching impulse breakdown voltage will weaken for ball-plate and rod-plate gaps, and effect of rain conductivity on ball-plate gap is more obvious. Rainwater will shorten discharge time, and the breakdown more likely happens at the front of waveform, and the water channel will affect development path of the discharge.
引文
[1]吴执.水滴形态对输电线路导线电晕放电特性的影响[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.
[2]Kunhardt H M J.The Influence of pressure and conductivity on the pulsed breakdown of water[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1994,1(6):1016-1025.
[3]胡毅,王力农,邵瑰玮,等.风雨对导线-杆塔空气间隙工频放电特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2008,34(5):845-850.Hu Yi,Wang Linong,Shao Guiwei,et al.Influence of rain and wind on power frequency discharge characteristic of conductor-to-tower air gap[J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(5):845-850(in Chinese).
[4]蒋兴良,袁耀,杜勇,等.棒-板短空气间隙淋雨交流放电特性及电压校正[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(12):36-42.Jiang Xingliang,Yuan Yao,Du Yong,et al.AC discharge characteristic and voltage correction of rod-plane short air gap under rain conditions[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(12):36-42(in Chinese).
[5]Rizk F A M.Influence of rain on switching impulse sparkover voltage of large-electrode air gaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus&Systems,1976,95(4):1394-1402.
[6]Yamagata Y,Oe A,Miyake K,et al.Phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase sparkover characteristics of external insulation at the entrance of a UHV substation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2002,17(1):223-232.
[7]孙利朋.棒-板空气间隙淋雨操作冲击放电特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.
[8]Jiang X,Yuan Y,Bi M,et al.DC positive discharge performance of rod-plane short air gap under rain conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2013,20(1):104-111.
[9]Jiang X,Yuan Y,Bi M,et al.AC breakdown performance and voltage correction of rod-plane short air gap under rain conditions[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,20(2):515-523.
[10]GB/T 16927.1-2011高电压实验技术第1部分:一般定义及实验要求[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[11]Meyer H K,Mauseth F,Pedersen A,et al.Streamer propagation in rod-plane air gaps with a dielectric barrier[C]//Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.IEEE,Toronto,Canada,2016:1037-1040.
[12]Medeiros P T,Naidu S R.Positive and negative lightning impulse breakdown of rod-plane gaps in nitrogen[C]//Conference on Electrical Insulation&Dielectric Phenomena Report 1983,IEEE,Toronto,Canada,2016:48-53.
[13]Gallimberti I,Bacchiega G,Bondiou-Clergerie A,et al.Fundamental processes in long air gap discharges[J].Comptes Rendus Physique,2002,3(10):1335-1359.
[14]胡毅.输电线路运行故障分析与防治[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[15]袁耀.短空气间隙暴雨击穿特性与放电模型研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.
[16]高世刚,李涛,温定筠,等.降雨对棒-棒短空气间隙交流击穿电压的影响[J].电网与清洁能源,2017,31(1):38-43.Gao Shigang,Li Tao,Wen Dingjun,et al.Influence of rain on ACbreakdown voltage of short rod-rod air gap[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2017,31(1):38-43(in Chinese).
[17]Tardiveau P,Marode E.Point-to-plane discharge dynamics in the presence of dielectric droplets[J].Journal of Physics D Applied Physics,2003,36(10):1204-1211.
[18]王胜辉,詹振宇,陈维江,等.基于短间隙模型的直流输电线路极间短路电弧运动仿真研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(7):2353-2358.Wang Shenghui,Zhan Zhenyu,Chen Weijiang,et al.Simulation and calculation of pole-to-pole short-circuit arc movement in DCtransmission line based on short air gap model[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(7):2353-2358(in Chinese).
[2]Kunhardt H M J.The Influence of pressure and conductivity on the pulsed breakdown of water[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1994,1(6):1016-1025.
[3]胡毅,王力农,邵瑰玮,等.风雨对导线-杆塔空气间隙工频放电特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2008,34(5):845-850.Hu Yi,Wang Linong,Shao Guiwei,et al.Influence of rain and wind on power frequency discharge characteristic of conductor-to-tower air gap[J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(5):845-850(in Chinese).
[4]蒋兴良,袁耀,杜勇,等.棒-板短空气间隙淋雨交流放电特性及电压校正[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(12):36-42.Jiang Xingliang,Yuan Yao,Du Yong,et al.AC discharge characteristic and voltage correction of rod-plane short air gap under rain conditions[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(12):36-42(in Chinese).
[5]Rizk F A M.Influence of rain on switching impulse sparkover voltage of large-electrode air gaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus&Systems,1976,95(4):1394-1402.
[6]Yamagata Y,Oe A,Miyake K,et al.Phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase sparkover characteristics of external insulation at the entrance of a UHV substation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2002,17(1):223-232.
[7]孙利朋.棒-板空气间隙淋雨操作冲击放电特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.
[8]Jiang X,Yuan Y,Bi M,et al.DC positive discharge performance of rod-plane short air gap under rain conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2013,20(1):104-111.
[9]Jiang X,Yuan Y,Bi M,et al.AC breakdown performance and voltage correction of rod-plane short air gap under rain conditions[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,20(2):515-523.
[10]GB/T 16927.1-2011高电压实验技术第1部分:一般定义及实验要求[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[11]Meyer H K,Mauseth F,Pedersen A,et al.Streamer propagation in rod-plane air gaps with a dielectric barrier[C]//Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.IEEE,Toronto,Canada,2016:1037-1040.
[12]Medeiros P T,Naidu S R.Positive and negative lightning impulse breakdown of rod-plane gaps in nitrogen[C]//Conference on Electrical Insulation&Dielectric Phenomena Report 1983,IEEE,Toronto,Canada,2016:48-53.
[13]Gallimberti I,Bacchiega G,Bondiou-Clergerie A,et al.Fundamental processes in long air gap discharges[J].Comptes Rendus Physique,2002,3(10):1335-1359.
[14]胡毅.输电线路运行故障分析与防治[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[15]袁耀.短空气间隙暴雨击穿特性与放电模型研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.
[16]高世刚,李涛,温定筠,等.降雨对棒-棒短空气间隙交流击穿电压的影响[J].电网与清洁能源,2017,31(1):38-43.Gao Shigang,Li Tao,Wen Dingjun,et al.Influence of rain on ACbreakdown voltage of short rod-rod air gap[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2017,31(1):38-43(in Chinese).
[17]Tardiveau P,Marode E.Point-to-plane discharge dynamics in the presence of dielectric droplets[J].Journal of Physics D Applied Physics,2003,36(10):1204-1211.
[18]王胜辉,詹振宇,陈维江,等.基于短间隙模型的直流输电线路极间短路电弧运动仿真研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(7):2353-2358.Wang Shenghui,Zhan Zhenyu,Chen Weijiang,et al.Simulation and calculation of pole-to-pole short-circuit arc movement in DCtransmission line based on short air gap model[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(7):2353-2358(in Chinese).
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