左转圆曲线处避险车道流出角与引道设置
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摘要
为了给设置于左转圆曲线处的避险车道流出角与引道长度设置提供参考,针对山区高速公路广泛采用的9.0 m宽制动床避险车道,考虑左转圆曲线半径和驶入速度的影响,进行了不同流出角度与引道长度的驾驶仿真试验研究。采用UC-win Road 9.0驾驶仿真平台,获取了不同场景下16名男性B照驾驶人由主线驶入紧急避险车道过程中的车辆运行特征数据。采用拟合回归的方法,分析了圆曲线半径和驶入速度对方向调整时间、最小转向半径、方向盘转角幅值、方向盘转角频率的影响,建立了各指标与圆曲线半径的定量回归关系模型,并对比了主线为直线时的试验结果。采用二阶聚类的方法对不同圆曲线半径条件下的引道与流出角度的设置水平进行分类,获取了适宜设置避险车道的初步条件。根据车辆的行驶稳定性,确定了左转圆曲线处避险车道流出角与引道的设计标准。研究结果表明:左转圆曲线处避险车道的流出角受圆曲线半径的影响,引道长度受圆曲线半径与驶入速度的影响;主线半径1 000 m及以上,流出角0°～5°,引道为6 s设计行程,流出角5°～10°,引道为9 s设计行程;条件困难时,紧急避险车道可设置于半径600～1 000 m的曲线处,流出角0°～5°,引道为9 s设计行程,流出角5°～15°,引道为12 s设计行程。
Simulations with different departure angles and approach road lengths were performed to provide references for the design and construction of truck escape ramps located in left turning circular curves. The study was aimed at 9.0 m wide truck escape ramps that are widely used in mountainous expressways, and the effects of the radius of the left turning circular curve and entering speed were considered. Data representing the driving characteristics of 16 male truck drivers, holding class B driving license, driving in different scenarios from mainline into truck escape ramps were obtained using UC-win/Road 9.0 driving simulator. The effects of radius of the circular curve and entering speed on the adjusting time, minimum turning radius, and steering wheel angle amplitude and frequency were analyzed using regression analysis method. The quantitative regression model was established between each index and radius of the circular curve. The results were compared with experimental data for truck escape ramps located in straight lines. Second-order clustering method was used to classify the setting levels of the approach road length and departure angle for different radii of the circular curve, and appropriate initial conditions for the optimal setting of truck escape ramps were obtained. Finally, design parameters of truck escape ramps were determined taking the lateral stability of errant vehicles into consideration. Based on the obtained results, truck escape ramps with radii no less than 1 000 m are recommended at the mainline. For departure angles ranging between 0-5° and 5-10°, the recommended approach road lengths are 6 s design speed and 9 s design speed, respectively. Under the restricted conditions, truck escape ramps can be set at horizontal curves with radii ranging between 600-1 000 m. For departure angles ranging between 0-5° and 5-15°, the approach road lengths are 9 s design speed and 12 s design speed, respectively.
Simulations with different departure angles and approach road lengths were performed to provide references for the design and construction of truck escape ramps located in left turning circular curves. The study was aimed at 9.0 m wide truck escape ramps that are widely used in mountainous expressways, and the effects of the radius of the left turning circular curve and entering speed were considered. Data representing the driving characteristics of 16 male truck drivers, holding class B driving license, driving in different scenarios from mainline into truck escape ramps were obtained using UC-win/Road 9.0 driving simulator. The effects of radius of the circular curve and entering speed on the adjusting time, minimum turning radius, and steering wheel angle amplitude and frequency were analyzed using regression analysis method. The quantitative regression model was established between each index and radius of the circular curve. The results were compared with experimental data for truck escape ramps located in straight lines. Second-order clustering method was used to classify the setting levels of the approach road length and departure angle for different radii of the circular curve, and appropriate initial conditions for the optimal setting of truck escape ramps were obtained. Finally, design parameters of truck escape ramps were determined taking the lateral stability of errant vehicles into consideration. Based on the obtained results, truck escape ramps with radii no less than 1 000 m are recommended at the mainline. For departure angles ranging between 0-5° and 5-10°, the recommended approach road lengths are 6 s design speed and 9 s design speed, respectively. Under the restricted conditions, truck escape ramps can be set at horizontal curves with radii ranging between 600-1 000 m. For departure angles ranging between 0-5° and 5-15°, the approach road lengths are 9 s design speed and 12 s design speed, respectively.
引文
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[2] 孟志豪.山区高速公路避险车道设计方法[J].公路交通科技:应用技术版,2016,12(5):304-306. MENG Zhi-hao. Design Method of Truck Escape Ramp for Expressway in Mountainous Area [J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development: Technology, 2016, 12 (5): 304-306.
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[7] AASHTO. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (Green Book) [M]. 6th ed. Washington DC: AASHTO, 2011.
[8] 张翱东.避险车道常见事故与设计缺陷的原因分析[J].甘肃科技纵横,2013,42(2):74-76. ZHANG Ao-dong. Cause Analysis of the Common Accidents Occurred in the Truck Escape Ramp and Design Defects [J]. Scientific & Technical Information of Gansu, 2013, 42 (2): 74-76.
[9] 孙传夏.避险车道设置的研究[J].公路交通科技:应用技术版,2008,4(12):179-182. SUN Chuan-xia. Research on Emergency Lane Layout [J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development: Technology, 2008, 4 (12): 179-182.
[10] 杨永占,马亮,荆坤.山区高速公路长下坡避险车道线形参数设计研究[J].公路交通科技:应用技术版,2015,11 (7):120-122. YANG Yong-zhan, MA Liang, JING Kun. Alignment Design of the Truck Escape Ramp in the Longitudinal Steep Slope of Mountainous Highway [J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development: Technology, 2015, 11 (7): 120-122.
[11] 宋灿灿,郭忠印,蔺琳.紧急避险车道驶出角度及引道长度设置[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(4):587-592. SONG Can-can, GUO Zhong-yin, LIN Lin. Departure Angle and Approach Length of Truck Escape Ramp [J]. Journal of Tongji University: Natural Science, 2016, 44 (4): 587-592.
[12] JTG/T D20—2009,公路路线设计细则[S]. JTG/T D20—2009,Design Detailed Regulations for Highway Alignment [S].
[13] 李海,刘小勇,石红星.避险车道偏角设置方法探讨[J].公路工程,2013,38(6):84-86. LI Hai, LIU Xiao-yong, SHI Hong-xing. Preliminary Analysis on the Method of Installation for Drift Angle on Truck Escape Ramp [J]. Highway Engineering, 2013, 38 (6): 84-86.
[14] 汤乾斌,刘唐志,张恒.山区高速公路紧急避险车道驶入角研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(8):111-114. TANG Qian-bin, LIU Tang-zhi, ZHANG Heng. Research on the Angle to Truck Escape Ramp of Mountainous Expressway [J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2015, 15 (8): 111-114.
[15] JTG D20—2017,公路路线设计规范[S]. JTG D20—2017, Design Specification for Highway Alignment [S].
[16] JTG B05—2015,公路项目安全性评价规范[S]. JTG B05—2015, Specifications for Highway Safety Audit [S].
[17] 张高强,孙传夏,程晓辉,等.基于颗粒流模拟的避险车道制动床长度确定方法[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(10):118-123. ZHANG Gao-qiang, SUN Chuan-xia, CHENG Xiaohui, et al. Determining Method of Length of Arrested Bed of Truck Escape Ramp Based on Particle Flow Simulation [J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2011, 28 (10): 118-123.
[18] 陈渤.山区高速公路长大下坡路段避险车道设计方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2007. CHEN Bo. Research on Truck Escape Ramp Design in Longitudinal Steep Slope of Mountainous Highway [D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2007.
[19] 交通部公路司.新理念公路设计指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005. Department of Highway, Ministry of Communications. Highway Design Guidelines Under Flexibility [M]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2005.
[20] 李啸,鲍际平,王猛猛,等.直线行驶过程中汽车方向盘转角的研究分析[J].道路交通与安全,2008,8(5):43-46. LI Xiao, BAO Ji-ping, WANG Meng-meng, et al. The Research on Automobile Steering Wheel Angle in the Cause of Straight Driving [J]. Road Traffic & Safety, 2008, 8 (5): 43-46.
[2] 孟志豪.山区高速公路避险车道设计方法[J].公路交通科技:应用技术版,2016,12(5):304-306. MENG Zhi-hao. Design Method of Truck Escape Ramp for Expressway in Mountainous Area [J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development: Technology, 2016, 12 (5): 304-306.
[3] ABDELWAHAB W, MORRAL J F. Determining Need for and Location of Truck Escape Ramps [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1997, 123 (5): 350-356.
[4] 李迎春,覃文辉,石红星,等.关于公路避险车道设置位置调整范围的探讨[J].西部交通科技,2017(1):9-11,15. LI Ying-chun, QIN Wen-hui, SHI Hong-xing, et al. Discussion on Adjusting Range for the Setting Position of Highway Emergency Lane [J]. Western China Communications Science and Technology, 2017 (1): 9-11,15.
[5] 邓亚娟,梁康,张旭,等.基于ADAMS/Car的紧急避险车道入口安全研究[J].公路,2016(9):201-207. DENG Ya-juan, LIANG Kang, ZHANG Xu, et al. Study of Safety at Entrance Based on ADAMS/Car for the Emergency Escape Ramp [J]. Highway, 2016 (9): 201-207.
[6] 牛建峰,王俊华,董宪元.山区公路紧急避险车道驶入角研究[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2010,29(4):604-608. NIU Jian-feng, WANG Jun-hua, DONG Xian-yuan. Research on the Angle to Truck Escape Ramps of Mountain Roads [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University: Natural Science, 2010, 29 (4): 604-608.
[7] AASHTO. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (Green Book) [M]. 6th ed. Washington DC: AASHTO, 2011.
[8] 张翱东.避险车道常见事故与设计缺陷的原因分析[J].甘肃科技纵横,2013,42(2):74-76. ZHANG Ao-dong. Cause Analysis of the Common Accidents Occurred in the Truck Escape Ramp and Design Defects [J]. Scientific & Technical Information of Gansu, 2013, 42 (2): 74-76.
[9] 孙传夏.避险车道设置的研究[J].公路交通科技:应用技术版,2008,4(12):179-182. SUN Chuan-xia. Research on Emergency Lane Layout [J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development: Technology, 2008, 4 (12): 179-182.
[10] 杨永占,马亮,荆坤.山区高速公路长下坡避险车道线形参数设计研究[J].公路交通科技:应用技术版,2015,11 (7):120-122. YANG Yong-zhan, MA Liang, JING Kun. Alignment Design of the Truck Escape Ramp in the Longitudinal Steep Slope of Mountainous Highway [J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development: Technology, 2015, 11 (7): 120-122.
[11] 宋灿灿,郭忠印,蔺琳.紧急避险车道驶出角度及引道长度设置[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(4):587-592. SONG Can-can, GUO Zhong-yin, LIN Lin. Departure Angle and Approach Length of Truck Escape Ramp [J]. Journal of Tongji University: Natural Science, 2016, 44 (4): 587-592.
[12] JTG/T D20—2009,公路路线设计细则[S]. JTG/T D20—2009,Design Detailed Regulations for Highway Alignment [S].
[13] 李海,刘小勇,石红星.避险车道偏角设置方法探讨[J].公路工程,2013,38(6):84-86. LI Hai, LIU Xiao-yong, SHI Hong-xing. Preliminary Analysis on the Method of Installation for Drift Angle on Truck Escape Ramp [J]. Highway Engineering, 2013, 38 (6): 84-86.
[14] 汤乾斌,刘唐志,张恒.山区高速公路紧急避险车道驶入角研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(8):111-114. TANG Qian-bin, LIU Tang-zhi, ZHANG Heng. Research on the Angle to Truck Escape Ramp of Mountainous Expressway [J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2015, 15 (8): 111-114.
[15] JTG D20—2017,公路路线设计规范[S]. JTG D20—2017, Design Specification for Highway Alignment [S].
[16] JTG B05—2015,公路项目安全性评价规范[S]. JTG B05—2015, Specifications for Highway Safety Audit [S].
[17] 张高强,孙传夏,程晓辉,等.基于颗粒流模拟的避险车道制动床长度确定方法[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(10):118-123. ZHANG Gao-qiang, SUN Chuan-xia, CHENG Xiaohui, et al. Determining Method of Length of Arrested Bed of Truck Escape Ramp Based on Particle Flow Simulation [J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2011, 28 (10): 118-123.
[18] 陈渤.山区高速公路长大下坡路段避险车道设计方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2007. CHEN Bo. Research on Truck Escape Ramp Design in Longitudinal Steep Slope of Mountainous Highway [D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2007.
[19] 交通部公路司.新理念公路设计指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005. Department of Highway, Ministry of Communications. Highway Design Guidelines Under Flexibility [M]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2005.
[20] 李啸,鲍际平,王猛猛,等.直线行驶过程中汽车方向盘转角的研究分析[J].道路交通与安全,2008,8(5):43-46. LI Xiao, BAO Ji-ping, WANG Meng-meng, et al. The Research on Automobile Steering Wheel Angle in the Cause of Straight Driving [J]. Road Traffic & Safety, 2008, 8 (5): 43-46.
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