超磁致伸缩材料高频磁能损耗特性测试与分析
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摘要
为进一步研究超磁致伸缩材料磁能损耗特性,将棒状Terfenol-D材料沿着不同磁化方向进行切片,制成多个方形环状薄片样品,对比分析了材料磁化方向以及样品尺寸对磁能损耗的影响。在不同驱动磁场频率和磁密幅值下,对磁能损耗进行测试,分析损耗实测数值变化趋势。基于损耗分离法,结合实测数据,考虑了材料内部涡流集肤效应及动态磁滞特性等影响,对高频磁能损耗进行了数值模拟,研究各项损耗系数变化规律。结果表明,Terfenol-D材料高频磁能损耗随着频率及磁密幅值增加,整体呈数值增大、增速加快趋势。在高频下,损耗系数为随着频率和磁密幅值变化的变量。当频率大于5 k Hz、磁密幅值大于0. 05 T时,数值模拟方法所得计算值与实测值的平均误差为3%。
Experimental and calculating analysis of magnetic losses for giant magnetostrictive materials is necessary steps for the design of high power magnetostrictive transducer. In order to further research the magnetic energy losses characteristics,a Terfenol-D rod was sectioned along different directions,and these slices were made into several square annular sheet samples. The influences of magnetization direction and dimension parameter on the magnetic losses were compared and analyzed. Under different frequency and magnetic density of driving magnetic field,the magnetic energy losses were measured to analyze the variation trends of the losses. Based on the loss separation formula and measured data,the effects of eddy current skin effect and dynamic hysteresis characteristics were taken into consideration.The variation trends of the losses coefficients were investigated with numerical simulation. The results showed that the high frequency magnetic energy losses for Terfenol-D were increased rapidly in both value and growth rate with the increase of frequency and magnetic density. When the frequency was 5 k Hz,the losses were increased from 2. 742 W/kg to 153. 890 W/kg as the flux density was varied from 0. 01 T to0. 09 T. The losses were increased by 55. 12 times. When the flux density was 0. 05 T,the losses were increased from 8. 138 W/kg to 319. 428 W/kg as the frequency was increased from 1 k Hz to 20 kHz. The losses were increased by 38. 25 times. The losses coefficients varied with high frequency and magnetic density. When the frequency was above 5 kHz and the magnetic density was higher than 0. 05 T,the average error of the model between the calculated value and the measured value was 3%. The numerical model was suitable for calculating high magnetic energy losses of Terfenol-D. It can provide a theoretical and experimental guidance for the high frequency applications of magnetostrictive materials.
Experimental and calculating analysis of magnetic losses for giant magnetostrictive materials is necessary steps for the design of high power magnetostrictive transducer. In order to further research the magnetic energy losses characteristics,a Terfenol-D rod was sectioned along different directions,and these slices were made into several square annular sheet samples. The influences of magnetization direction and dimension parameter on the magnetic losses were compared and analyzed. Under different frequency and magnetic density of driving magnetic field,the magnetic energy losses were measured to analyze the variation trends of the losses. Based on the loss separation formula and measured data,the effects of eddy current skin effect and dynamic hysteresis characteristics were taken into consideration.The variation trends of the losses coefficients were investigated with numerical simulation. The results showed that the high frequency magnetic energy losses for Terfenol-D were increased rapidly in both value and growth rate with the increase of frequency and magnetic density. When the frequency was 5 k Hz,the losses were increased from 2. 742 W/kg to 153. 890 W/kg as the flux density was varied from 0. 01 T to0. 09 T. The losses were increased by 55. 12 times. When the flux density was 0. 05 T,the losses were increased from 8. 138 W/kg to 319. 428 W/kg as the frequency was increased from 1 k Hz to 20 kHz. The losses were increased by 38. 25 times. The losses coefficients varied with high frequency and magnetic density. When the frequency was above 5 kHz and the magnetic density was higher than 0. 05 T,the average error of the model between the calculated value and the measured value was 3%. The numerical model was suitable for calculating high magnetic energy losses of Terfenol-D. It can provide a theoretical and experimental guidance for the high frequency applications of magnetostrictive materials.
引文
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[16] LI J S,YANG Q X,LI Y J,et al. Anomalous loss modeling and validation of magnetic materials in electrical engineering[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2016,26(4):8800105.
[17]孔庆奕,程志光,李悦宁.取向硅钢片在不同环境温度下的磁特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2743-2749.KONG Qingyi,CHENG Zhiguang,LI Yuening. Magneticproperties of oriented silicon steel sheet under different ambienttemperatures[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2743-2749.(in Chinese)
[18]王博文,张露予,王鹏,等.磁致伸缩位移传感器检测信号分析[J].光学精密工程,2016,24(2):358-364.WANG Bowen,ZHANG Luyu,WANG Peng,et al. Analysis of detection signal for magnetostrictive displace sensor[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2016,24(2):358-364.(in Chinese)
[19] TU J Z,ZHANG J,BU G Q,et al. Analysis of the sending-side system instability caused by multiple HVDC commutationfailure[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems,2015,1(4):37-44.
[20] ZHANG T,YANG B T,LI H G,et al. Dynamic modeling and adaptive vibration control study for giant magnetostrictiveactuators[J]. Sensors&Actuators a Physical,2013,190(2):96-105.
[2]李淑英,王博文,周严,等.叠层复合磁致伸缩材料驱动器的输出位移特性[J].仪器仪表学报,2009,30(1):71-75.LI Shuying,WANG Bowen,ZHOU Yan,et al. Output displace of actuator based on Terfenol-D multilayered composite[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2009,30(1):71-75.(in Chinese)
[3] ZHU J G,RAMSDEN V S. Improved formulations for rotational core losses in rotating electrical machines[J]. IEEETransactions on Magnetics,1998,34(4):2234-2242.
[4] HUANG Wenmei,SONG Guiying,SUN Ying,et al. Numerical dynamic strong coupled model of linear magnetostrictiveactuators[J]. IEEE Transctions on Magnetics,2012,48(2):391-394.
[5]鞠晓君,林明星,范文涛,等.超磁致伸缩至动器结构分析及输出力特性研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,39(5):1198-1206.JU Xiaojun,LIN Mingxing,FAN Wentao,et al. Structure analysis and output force characteristic study of giant magnetostrictiveactuators[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,39(5):1198-1206.(in Chinese)
[6] BERTOTTI G. General properties of power losses in soft ferromagnetic materials[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1988,24(1):621-630.
[7] LI Yang,ZHU Lihua,ZHU Jianguo. Core loss calculation based on finite-element method with Jiles-Atherton dynamic hysteresismodel[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2018,54(3):1300105.
[8]张宁,李琳,魏晓光.非正弦驱动下磁心损耗的计算方法及实验验证[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(17):224-232.ZHANG Ning,LI Lin,WEI Xiaoguang. Calculation method and experimental verification of core losses under non-sinusoidalexcitation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(17):224-232.(in Chinese)
[9]李劲松,杨庆新,李永建,等.高频高磁密时叠置硅钢片的铁芯损耗计算式改进[J].高电压技术,2016,42(3):994-1002.LI Jingsong,YANG Qingxin,LI Yongjian,et al. Improved calculation formula of core losses for laminated silicon steels at highfrequency and high flux density[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):994-1002.(in Chinese)
[10] ZHU Y,LI Y. A hysteresis nonlinear model of giant magnetostrictive transducer[J]. Journal of Intelligent Material Systemsand Structures,2015,26(16):2242-2255.
[11]李长云,刘亚魁.直流偏磁条件下变压器铁心磁化特性的Jiles-Atherton修正模型[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(19):193-201.LI Changyun,LIU Yakui. Modified Jiles-Atherton model of transformer iron core magnetization characteristics with DC bias[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(19):193-201.(in Chinese)
[12] SU W M,MAO S H,WANG P J. Core losses estimation in design of high speed electric machines[C]∥Progress inElectromagnetic Research Symposium(PIERS),2016:320-323.
[13]李永建,王利祥,张长庚,等.基于三维励磁结构的电工磁材料动态磁特性测试与分析[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(1):166-174.LI Yongjian,WANG Lixiang,ZHANG Changgeng,et al. Dynamic magnetic properties testing and analysis of the electricmagnetic materials based on three-dimensional excitation structure[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(1):166-174.(in Chinese)
[14]翁玲,曹晓宁,梁淑智,等.棒状铁镓合金磁滞特性和功耗特性分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(2):411-418.WENG Ling,CAO Xiaoning,LIANG Shuzhi,et al. Analysis of hysteresis and power consumption characteristics of Fe-Ga rodalloy[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(2):411-418. http:∥www. j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20180253&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 02. 053.(inChinese)
[15]舒亮,李传,吴桂初,等. Fe-Ga合金磁致伸缩力传感器磁化模型建立与特性分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(5):344-349.SHU Liang,LI Chuan,WU Guichu,et al. Magnetization model of Fe-Ga alloy magnetostrictive force sensor and itscharacteristics[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(5):344-349. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20150548&flag=1&iournal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2015. 05. 048.(in Chinese)
[16] LI J S,YANG Q X,LI Y J,et al. Anomalous loss modeling and validation of magnetic materials in electrical engineering[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2016,26(4):8800105.
[17]孔庆奕,程志光,李悦宁.取向硅钢片在不同环境温度下的磁特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2743-2749.KONG Qingyi,CHENG Zhiguang,LI Yuening. Magneticproperties of oriented silicon steel sheet under different ambienttemperatures[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2743-2749.(in Chinese)
[18]王博文,张露予,王鹏,等.磁致伸缩位移传感器检测信号分析[J].光学精密工程,2016,24(2):358-364.WANG Bowen,ZHANG Luyu,WANG Peng,et al. Analysis of detection signal for magnetostrictive displace sensor[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2016,24(2):358-364.(in Chinese)
[19] TU J Z,ZHANG J,BU G Q,et al. Analysis of the sending-side system instability caused by multiple HVDC commutationfailure[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems,2015,1(4):37-44.
[20] ZHANG T,YANG B T,LI H G,et al. Dynamic modeling and adaptive vibration control study for giant magnetostrictiveactuators[J]. Sensors&Actuators a Physical,2013,190(2):96-105.
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