蚯蚓粪改善紫花苜蓿修复重金属污染农田效果的研究
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摘要
通过田间试验研究了蚯蚓粪施入对重金属污染农田土壤的理化性质及酶活性的影响,探究了蚯蚓粪对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)生长及其富集重金属Cu、Cd、Zn、As的影响,以及紫花苜蓿体内抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,蚯蚓粪施入使土壤全磷、全氮、有机质分别提高30.6%、28.2%、13.2%,土壤pH由8.29下降为8.09,土壤阳离子交换能力增强。蚯蚓粪施入土壤后,土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性也均提高。蚯蚓粪处理使紫花苜蓿植株株高和生物量提高,且可提高其重金属富集能力。蚯蚓粪处理下紫花苜蓿超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性显著提高,但过氧化氢酶活性降低。总体而言,蚯蚓粪肥施入可改善紫花苜蓿修复受重金属污染农田土壤的效果。
The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of vermicompost on the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of heavy metals polluted farmland soils.The effects of vermicompost on the growth of alfalfa(Medicago sativa)and the characteristics of heavy metals Cu,Cd,Zn and As accumulation of alfalfa were studied,as well as the changes of antioxidant enzymes activities in alfalfa.Results showed that soil total phosphorus,total nitrogen,and organic matter were increased by 30.6%,28.2% and 13.2%,respectively,when vermicompost was spiked.The soil pH decreased from 8.29 to 8.09 and the soil cation exchange capacity was improved.After vermicompost was spiked,soil urease and catalase activities increased.The plant height and biomass of alfalfa and the ability of accumulation of heavy metals increased,too.The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in alfalfa significantly increased,but the catalase activity decreased.The conclusion was that vermicompost could improve the alfalfa remediation in heavy metal polluted farmland.
The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of vermicompost on the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of heavy metals polluted farmland soils.The effects of vermicompost on the growth of alfalfa(Medicago sativa)and the characteristics of heavy metals Cu,Cd,Zn and As accumulation of alfalfa were studied,as well as the changes of antioxidant enzymes activities in alfalfa.Results showed that soil total phosphorus,total nitrogen,and organic matter were increased by 30.6%,28.2% and 13.2%,respectively,when vermicompost was spiked.The soil pH decreased from 8.29 to 8.09 and the soil cation exchange capacity was improved.After vermicompost was spiked,soil urease and catalase activities increased.The plant height and biomass of alfalfa and the ability of accumulation of heavy metals increased,too.The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in alfalfa significantly increased,but the catalase activity decreased.The conclusion was that vermicompost could improve the alfalfa remediation in heavy metal polluted farmland.
引文
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[20]李德生,孟丽,李海茹.重金属污染对土壤酶活性的影响研究进展[J].天津理工大学学报,2013,29(2):60-64.
[21]江行玉,赵可夫.植物重金属伤害及其抗性机理[J].应用与环境生物学报,2001,7(1):92-99.
[22]刘建新,赵国林,王毅民.Cd Zn复合胁迫对玉米幼苗膜脂过氧化和抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(1):54-58.
[2]蔡美芳,李开明,谢丹平,等.我国耕地土壤重金属污染现状与防治对策研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(增刊2):223-230.
[3]杨俊,吕府红,宋永伟,等.典型重金属污染地区蔬菜中重金属含量及健康风险[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(9):952-956.
[4]周明冬,秦晓辉,候洪,等.农田土壤重金属的危害及防控措施[J].环境与可持续发展,2014,39(2):57-58.
[5]WANG L,JI B,HU Y,et al.A review on in situ phytoremediation of mine tailings[J].Chemosphere,2017,184:594-600.
[6]郭彬,李伟东,丁能飞,等.重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术的问题及对策[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(4):852-857.
[7]王新,贾永锋.紫花苜蓿对土壤重金属富集及污染修复的潜力[J].土壤通报,2009,40(4):932-935.
[8]陈小锦,丛玮玮,陈永林,等.蚯蚓粪改良红壤的效果及对不结球白菜生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(8):248-250.
[9]JOSHI R,SINGH J,VIG A P.Vermicompost as an effective organic fertilizer and biocontrol agent:effect on growth,yield and quality of plants[J].Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology,2015,14(1):137-159.
[10]ARANCON N Q,EDWARDS C A,BABENKO A,et al.Influences of vermicomposts,produced by earthworms and microorganisms from cattle manure,food waste and paper waste,on the germination,growth and flowering of petunias in the greenhouse[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2008,39(1):91-99.
[11]ARANCON N Q,EDWARDS C A,BIERMAN P.Influences of vermicomposts on field strawberries:Part 2.effects on soil microbiological and chemical properties[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(6):831-840.
[12]罗根华,高东联,罗泽华,等.蚯蚓粪对重金属Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究[J].地球与环境,2014,42(6):796-800.
[13]蔡永刚,郭志瑶,李梦雅,等.蚯蚓粪、牛粪对镉铜复合污染土壤中白菜生长和镉铜积累的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(9):452-455.
[14]李扬,乔玉辉,莫晓辉,等.蚯蚓粪作为土壤重金属污染修复剂的潜力分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(增刊).
[15]杨洁,瞿攀,王金生,等.土壤中重金属的生物有效性分析方法及其影响因素综述[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(2):217-223.
[16]林淑芬,李辉信,胡锋.蚓粪对黑麦草吸收污染土壤重金属铜的影响[J].土壤学报,2006,43(6):911-918.
[17]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[18]刘善江,夏雪,陈桂梅,等.土壤酶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):1-7.
[19]和文祥,朱铭莪,张一平.土壤酶与重金属关系的研究现状[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(2):139-142.
[20]李德生,孟丽,李海茹.重金属污染对土壤酶活性的影响研究进展[J].天津理工大学学报,2013,29(2):60-64.
[21]江行玉,赵可夫.植物重金属伤害及其抗性机理[J].应用与环境生物学报,2001,7(1):92-99.
[22]刘建新,赵国林,王毅民.Cd Zn复合胁迫对玉米幼苗膜脂过氧化和抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(1):54-58.
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