东非裂谷Kerio盆地石油地质特征与勘探潜力
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摘要
东非裂谷东支的South Lokichar盆地于2012年获得勘探突破,成为研究和勘探的热点地区。但近年来周边盆地勘探效果不佳,有待深入分析。Kerio盆地紧邻South Lokichar盆地,勘探程度低,国内在此地的研究处于空白区。基于最新地震地质综合研究成果,阐述其石油地质特征和勘探潜力。结果表明:Kerio盆地为主动裂谷,呈西陡东缓的半地堑结构;发育渐新世以来的5套沉积地层,最大沉积厚度可达6 500 m;存在一套被证实的烃源岩,生烃指标好,但厚度仅20 m;发育河流和三角洲相砂岩,孔渗物性好。盆地可划分为4个凹陷和5个构造圈闭带。中部缓坡带和东部反转构造带为盆地的有利勘探区带,可能存在2种成藏模式。盆地具有一定勘探潜力,烃源岩是最主要的地质风险。
Since the oil and gas exploration breakthrough has been made in South Lokichar Basin of eastern East African Rift System( EARS) in 2012,the EARS has become a hot spot for research and exploration. However,there were barely good exploration results in peripheral basins,which is worthy to be analyzed deeply. Kerio Basin is adjacent to South Lokichar Basin with lower exploration degree,and there were few domestic researches and achievements in this area. Based on the latest seismic and geological integrated achievements,the petroleum geological characteristics and exploration potential of the basin were expounded. The results show that Kerio Basin is an active rift and half graben with steep slope in the west and gentle slope in the east. Five sedimentary sequences in the basin from Oligocene were developed and the maximum thickness of total deposit is about 6 500 meters. A good source rock was confirmed,but the thickness is about 20 meters. Fluvial and deltaic sandstones with good porosity and permeability were also developed in the basin. The basin can be divided into four sags and five structure zones. The central gentle slope zone and the eastern structural inversion zone are the favorable zones for oil and gas prospecting with two possible hydrocarbon accumulation models. The basin is confirmed to have certain exploration potential,while source rock is the main geological risk in the exploration.
Since the oil and gas exploration breakthrough has been made in South Lokichar Basin of eastern East African Rift System( EARS) in 2012,the EARS has become a hot spot for research and exploration. However,there were barely good exploration results in peripheral basins,which is worthy to be analyzed deeply. Kerio Basin is adjacent to South Lokichar Basin with lower exploration degree,and there were few domestic researches and achievements in this area. Based on the latest seismic and geological integrated achievements,the petroleum geological characteristics and exploration potential of the basin were expounded. The results show that Kerio Basin is an active rift and half graben with steep slope in the west and gentle slope in the east. Five sedimentary sequences in the basin from Oligocene were developed and the maximum thickness of total deposit is about 6 500 meters. A good source rock was confirmed,but the thickness is about 20 meters. Fluvial and deltaic sandstones with good porosity and permeability were also developed in the basin. The basin can be divided into four sags and five structure zones. The central gentle slope zone and the eastern structural inversion zone are the favorable zones for oil and gas prospecting with two possible hydrocarbon accumulation models. The basin is confirmed to have certain exploration potential,while source rock is the main geological risk in the exploration.
引文
[1]贾屾.肯尼亚北部裂谷盆地类型和演化及其对烃源岩的控制作用[J].海洋地质前沿,2017,33(2):19-25.
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[4]温志新,童晓光,张光亚,等.东非裂谷系盆地群石油地质特征及勘探潜力[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(4):60-65.
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[6] Aanyu K,Koehn D. Influence of pre-existing fabrics on fault ki-nematics and rift geometry of interacting segments:analogue mod-els based on the Albertine Rift(Uganda),Western Branch-EastAfrican Rift System[J]. J Afr Earth Sci,2011,59(2/3):168-184.
[7] Chorowicz J. The east African rift system[J]. J Afr Earth Sci,2005,43(1/2/3):379-410.
[8]徐宁,张杰,史卜庆,等.红海盆地石油地质特征及其油气勘探潜力[J].地学前缘,2014,21(3):155-165.
[9] Bosworth W,Huchon P,Mc Clay K. The Red Sea and gulf of Adenbasins[J]. J Afr Earth Sci,2005,43(1/2/3):334-378.
[10] Macgregor D. History of the development of the East African Riftsystem:a series of interpreted maps through time[J]. J Afr EarthSci,2015,101:232-252.
[11]张燕,田作基,温志新,等.东非裂谷系东支油气成藏主控因素及勘探潜力[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(1):79-85.
[12] Mugisha F,Ebinger C J,Strecker M,et al. Two-stage rifting inthe Kenya rift:Implications for half-graben models[J]. Tectono-physics,1997,278(1/2/3/4):63-81.
[13] Africa Oil Corporation. Moving forward to development[EB/OL].[2017-12-01]. http://www. africaoilcorp. com/i/pdf/Presen-tation-Oct-2017. pdf.
[14]曾剑威,陈荣,禇平利,等.浙江永康盆地朝川组震积岩发育特征及其地质意义[J].中国地质调查,2017,4(6):33-39.
[15]李登华,李建忠,黄金亮,等.火山灰对页岩油气成藏的重要作用及其启示[J].天然气工业,2014,34(5):56-65.
[16] Talbot M R,Morley C K,Tiercelin J J,et al. Hydrocarbon poten-tial of the Meso-Cenozoic Turkana Depression,northern Kenya.II. Source rocks:quality,maturation,depositional environmentsand structural control[J]. Mar Pet Geol,2004,21(1):63-78.
[17]郭正府,刘嘉麒,贺怀宇,等.火山喷出气体的环境、灾害效应及对火山未来喷发的指示意义[J].地震地质,2003,25(增刊1):88-98.
[18] Tiercelin J J,Potdevin J L,Morley C K,et al. Hydrocarbon poten-tial of the Meso-Cenozoic Turkana Depression,northern Kenya.I. Reservoirs:depositional environments,diagenetic characteris-tics,and source rock-reservoir relationships[J]. Mar Pet Geol,2004,21(1):41-62.
[2]赵伟,韩文明,胡滨.东非裂谷Tanganyika地堑石油地质特征和勘探潜力分析[J].中国地质调查,2016,3(1):14-19.
[3]贾屾,邱春光,胡滨,等.东非裂谷东支South Lokichar盆地油气成藏规律[J].海洋地质前沿,2018,34(4):33-40.
[4]温志新,童晓光,张光亚,等.东非裂谷系盆地群石油地质特征及勘探潜力[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(4):60-65.
[5] Tullow Oil. 2017 full year results[EB/OL].[2018-05-01].https://www. ullowoil. com/Media/docs/default-source/3_in-vestors/2017-full-year-results/tullow-oil-plc-2017-full-year-results_final. pdf? sfvrsn=4.
[6] Aanyu K,Koehn D. Influence of pre-existing fabrics on fault ki-nematics and rift geometry of interacting segments:analogue mod-els based on the Albertine Rift(Uganda),Western Branch-EastAfrican Rift System[J]. J Afr Earth Sci,2011,59(2/3):168-184.
[7] Chorowicz J. The east African rift system[J]. J Afr Earth Sci,2005,43(1/2/3):379-410.
[8]徐宁,张杰,史卜庆,等.红海盆地石油地质特征及其油气勘探潜力[J].地学前缘,2014,21(3):155-165.
[9] Bosworth W,Huchon P,Mc Clay K. The Red Sea and gulf of Adenbasins[J]. J Afr Earth Sci,2005,43(1/2/3):334-378.
[10] Macgregor D. History of the development of the East African Riftsystem:a series of interpreted maps through time[J]. J Afr EarthSci,2015,101:232-252.
[11]张燕,田作基,温志新,等.东非裂谷系东支油气成藏主控因素及勘探潜力[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(1):79-85.
[12] Mugisha F,Ebinger C J,Strecker M,et al. Two-stage rifting inthe Kenya rift:Implications for half-graben models[J]. Tectono-physics,1997,278(1/2/3/4):63-81.
[13] Africa Oil Corporation. Moving forward to development[EB/OL].[2017-12-01]. http://www. africaoilcorp. com/i/pdf/Presen-tation-Oct-2017. pdf.
[14]曾剑威,陈荣,禇平利,等.浙江永康盆地朝川组震积岩发育特征及其地质意义[J].中国地质调查,2017,4(6):33-39.
[15]李登华,李建忠,黄金亮,等.火山灰对页岩油气成藏的重要作用及其启示[J].天然气工业,2014,34(5):56-65.
[16] Talbot M R,Morley C K,Tiercelin J J,et al. Hydrocarbon poten-tial of the Meso-Cenozoic Turkana Depression,northern Kenya.II. Source rocks:quality,maturation,depositional environmentsand structural control[J]. Mar Pet Geol,2004,21(1):63-78.
[17]郭正府,刘嘉麒,贺怀宇,等.火山喷出气体的环境、灾害效应及对火山未来喷发的指示意义[J].地震地质,2003,25(增刊1):88-98.
[18] Tiercelin J J,Potdevin J L,Morley C K,et al. Hydrocarbon poten-tial of the Meso-Cenozoic Turkana Depression,northern Kenya.I. Reservoirs:depositional environments,diagenetic characteris-tics,and source rock-reservoir relationships[J]. Mar Pet Geol,2004,21(1):41-62.
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