干旱胁迫对甘肃中部春小麦生理性状及灌水利用效率的影响
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摘要
为研究干旱胁迫对春小麦生长发育阶段生理性状和灌水利用效率的影响,以高产优质抗旱春小麦新品种‘定丰18号’和‘定丰19号’为材料,对其分蘖期到成熟期进行正常供水(WW)、轻度土壤干旱(MD)和重度土壤干旱(SD) 3种不同水分处理,研究3种处理对小麦叶片水势、光合速率、籽粒灌浆速率、产量构成因素以及灌水利用效率的影响。结果表明,与WW处理比较,MD和SD处理显著降低了叶片水势(p <0. 05),MD处理通过夜间恢复其叶片水势可达到正常水平,SD处理不能恢复; SD处理显著抑制了叶片光合作用,MD处理与WW处理无显著差异(p> 0. 05);与WW处理相比,MD处理籽粒灌浆速率、粒重、穗粒数、千粒重和产量显著增加,而SD处理则显著降低(p <0. 05),不同处理间容重无显著差异(p> 0. 05)。两个不同小麦品种的两年试验结果基本一致,适度的水分亏缺有利于小麦增产,从而可提高其灌水利用效率。
In order to study the effect of drought stress on physiological characteristics and irrigation water use efficiency during growth and development period,the high-yielding,high-quality and drought-resistant new varieties of spring wheat named‘Dingfeng 18'and ‘Dingfeng 19'were used as materials. Well watered( WW),moderate soil drought( MD) and severe soil drought( SD) from the tillering stage to maturity stage were treated to study their effects on wheat leaf water potential,photosynthetic rate,grain filling rate,yield components and irrigation water use efficiency. The results show that compared with WW treatment,the leaf water potential significantly reduced( p < 0. 05) under MD and SD treatment,and it reached normal level through night recovery under MD treatment,but it could not restore under SD treatment. The photosynthesis of leaves was significantly inhibited under SD treatment,there was no significant difference in photosynthesis of leaves between MD and WW treatments( p > 0. 05). Compared with WW treatment grain filling rate,grain weight,grain number,1000-grain weight and yield significantly increased under MD treatment and significantly decreased under SD treatment. There was no significant difference in the bulk weight between different treatments( p > 0. 05). Two years experiments results of the two different varieties were basically consistent. Moderate water deficit was beneficial to increase wheat yield,thus improving irrigation water use efficiency.
In order to study the effect of drought stress on physiological characteristics and irrigation water use efficiency during growth and development period,the high-yielding,high-quality and drought-resistant new varieties of spring wheat named‘Dingfeng 18'and ‘Dingfeng 19'were used as materials. Well watered( WW),moderate soil drought( MD) and severe soil drought( SD) from the tillering stage to maturity stage were treated to study their effects on wheat leaf water potential,photosynthetic rate,grain filling rate,yield components and irrigation water use efficiency. The results show that compared with WW treatment,the leaf water potential significantly reduced( p < 0. 05) under MD and SD treatment,and it reached normal level through night recovery under MD treatment,but it could not restore under SD treatment. The photosynthesis of leaves was significantly inhibited under SD treatment,there was no significant difference in photosynthesis of leaves between MD and WW treatments( p > 0. 05). Compared with WW treatment grain filling rate,grain weight,grain number,1000-grain weight and yield significantly increased under MD treatment and significantly decreased under SD treatment. There was no significant difference in the bulk weight between different treatments( p > 0. 05). Two years experiments results of the two different varieties were basically consistent. Moderate water deficit was beneficial to increase wheat yield,thus improving irrigation water use efficiency.
引文
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[18]王维,张建华,杨建昌,等.适度土壤干旱对贪青小麦茎鞘贮藏性糖运转及籽粒充实的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(10):1019-1025.
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[20]王永平,刘杨,卢海军,等.水分胁迫对夏玉米籽粒灌浆的影响及其与内源激素的关系[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(4):28-32.
[21]李翠,赵伟洁,刘瑞,等.水分胁迫对糜子物质运转和籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):20-27.
[22]张伟杨,徐云姬,钱希旸,等.小麦籽粒游离多胺对土壤干旱的响应及其与籽粒灌浆的关系[J].作物学报,2016,42(6):860-872.
[23]杨建昌,朱庆森,王志琴,等.亚种间杂交稻光合特性及物质积累与运转的研究[J].作物学报,1997,23(4):385-392.
[24]马召朋,栗孟飞,杨德龙,等.不同水分条件下冬小麦灌浆期茎叶可溶性碳水化合物积累转运与籽粒灌浆的关系[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):68-78.
[2]张宇,王素萍,冯建英. 2017年全国干旱状况及其影响与成因[J].干旱气象,2018,36(2):331-338.
[3]王有恒,谭丹,赵红岩.近50 a来甘肃省极端高温事件变化特征[J].干旱气象,2012,30(3):410-414.
[4]雷俊,赵福年,张红兵,等.半干旱区不同颜色覆膜对春小麦生长和产量的影响[J].干旱气象,2018,36(4):561-567.
[5]周广胜.气候变化对中国农业生产影响研究展望[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(1):80-94.
[6]吴普特,赵西宁.气候变化对中国农业用水和粮食生产的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(2):1-6.
[7]YANG W B,YIN Y P,LI Y P,et al. Interactions between poly-amines and ethylene during grain filling in wheat grown under waterdeficit conditions[J]. Plant Growth Regulation,2014,72(2):189-201.
[8]SHAO H B,CHU L Y,JALEEL C A,et al. Understanding waterdeficit stress-induced changes in the basic metabolism of higherplants biotechnologically and sustainably improving agriculture andthe ecoenvironment in arid regions of the globe[J]. Critical Reviewsin Biotechnology,2009,29(2):131-151.
[9]王志强,梁威威,范雯雯,等.不同土壤肥力下冬小麦春季干旱的复水补偿效应[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(8):1628-1636.
[10]ZHOU J,WANG X,JIAO Y,et al. Global genome expression a-nalysis of rice in response to drought and high-salinity stresses inshoot,flag leaf,and panicle[J]. Plant Molecular Biology,2007,63(5):591-608.
[11]AKRAM M. Growth and yield components of wheat under waterstress of different growth stages[J]. Bangladesh Journal of Agricul-tural Research,2011,36(36):455-468.
[12]汪本福,黄金鹏,杨晓龙,等.干旱胁迫抑制作物光合作用机理研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(23):5628-5632.
[13]赵鸿,李凤民,熊友才,等.土壤干旱对作物生长发育过程及产量的影响研究进展[J].干旱气象,2008,26(3):67-71.
[14]张雨新,张富仓,邹海洋,等.生育期水分调控对河西地区滴灌春小麦生长和水分利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):171-177.
[15]HASANUZZAMAN M,HOSSAIN M A,TEIXEIRADASILVA J A,et al. Plant response and tolerance to abiotic oxidative stress:an-tioxidant defense is a key factor[M]. BANDI V,SHANKER A K,SHANKER C,et al. Crop stress and its management:perspectivesand strategies. The Netherlands:Springer,2012:261-315.
[16]RICHARDS F J. A flexible growth functions for empirical use[J].Exp Bot,1959,10(2):290-301.
[17]张伟杨,钱希旸,李银银,等.土壤干旱对小麦生理性状和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(4):491-500.
[18]王维,张建华,杨建昌,等.适度土壤干旱对贪青小麦茎鞘贮藏性糖运转及籽粒充实的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(10):1019-1025.
[19]王征宏.干旱对小麦灌浆期物质转运的调控[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[20]王永平,刘杨,卢海军,等.水分胁迫对夏玉米籽粒灌浆的影响及其与内源激素的关系[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(4):28-32.
[21]李翠,赵伟洁,刘瑞,等.水分胁迫对糜子物质运转和籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):20-27.
[22]张伟杨,徐云姬,钱希旸,等.小麦籽粒游离多胺对土壤干旱的响应及其与籽粒灌浆的关系[J].作物学报,2016,42(6):860-872.
[23]杨建昌,朱庆森,王志琴,等.亚种间杂交稻光合特性及物质积累与运转的研究[J].作物学报,1997,23(4):385-392.
[24]马召朋,栗孟飞,杨德龙,等.不同水分条件下冬小麦灌浆期茎叶可溶性碳水化合物积累转运与籽粒灌浆的关系[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):68-78.
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