四川盆地中二叠统沉积相模式及有利储集体分布
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摘要
近年来四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组和茅口组勘探取得一些突破,显示该区中二叠统巨大的天然气勘探前景。前人对该区中二叠统沉积相和储层等做了大量研究,但对中二叠统栖霞组和茅口组沉积相类型和沉积相模式存在较大分歧,进而制约了有利储集体分布预测研究。文章结合近期一些新钻井和地震资料综合分析基础上,通过岩石学特征、沉积构造和生物化石等相标志分析,认为四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组和茅口组主要发育台地边缘相、开阔台地相和台洼相,其中中二叠统栖霞组早期以碳酸盐岩台地模式为主,栖霞组中晚期和茅口组演变为镶边台地和孤立台凹模式。该区主要发育有台缘滩和台内滩两类主要的储集体,且主要集中在层序高位体系域,台缘滩储集体主要分布在Sq1-HST期雅安-绵竹和剑阁-广元等区带,以及Sq2-HST时期雅安-绵竹-广元区带;台内滩储集体主要分布在Sq1-HST和Sq2-HST期川中高石梯-磨溪区块,以及Sq2-HST时期的威远-自贡区带,Sq2-HST时期高石梯-磨溪区块台内滩储集体受古岩溶和构造热液叠加影响呈条带状展布。四川盆地中二叠统台缘滩和台内滩分布范围较广,具有良好的勘探前景。
Some breakthroughs have been made in the exploration of the Middle Permian Qixia and Maokou Formations in the Sichuan Basin in recent years,indicating great prospects for gas explorationin the Middle Permian of this area.Previous studies focused on sedimentary facies and reservoirs of the Middle Permian in this area,but there are many differences in terms of the types and model of sedimentary facies of the Middle Permian Qixia and Maokou Formations.This has restricted the prediction of favorable reservoir distribution. Therefore,we carried out facies marker analysis including petrologic feature,sedimentary structure and biological fossil,based on the comprehensive study of some latest drilling and seismic data. The results show that the major sedimentary facies of the Middle Permian Qixia and Maokou Formations include platform margin,open-platform and intra-platform sag,among which the carbonate platform is dominant in the lower Qixia Formation of the Middle Permian,while rimmed platform and isolated intra-platform sag dominate the middle and upper Qixia Formation as well as in the Maokou Formation. The reservoirs of the study area are mainly marginal-platform and intra-platform shoals,concentrating in highstand system tracts. The marginal-platform shoal reservoirs mainly occur in areas including Ya'an-Mianzhu and Jiange-Guangyuan during the Sq1-HST period,and Ya'an-Mianzhu-Guangyuan area duringthe Sq2-HST period; the intra-platform shoal reservoirs are mainly distributed in the Gaoshiti-Moxi block in the central Sichuan Basin during the Sq1-HST and Sq2-HST periods,and Weiyuan-Zigong area during the Sq2-HST period. The intraplatform shoal reservoirs in Gaishiti-Moxi block during the Sq2-HST period are distributed in the form of strips due to the joint influences of paleokarst and tectonic hydrothermal fluids. The marginal-platform and intra-platform shoals are widely distributed in the Middle Permian of Sichuan Basin,and have bright prospects for hydrocarbon exploration.
Some breakthroughs have been made in the exploration of the Middle Permian Qixia and Maokou Formations in the Sichuan Basin in recent years,indicating great prospects for gas explorationin the Middle Permian of this area.Previous studies focused on sedimentary facies and reservoirs of the Middle Permian in this area,but there are many differences in terms of the types and model of sedimentary facies of the Middle Permian Qixia and Maokou Formations.This has restricted the prediction of favorable reservoir distribution. Therefore,we carried out facies marker analysis including petrologic feature,sedimentary structure and biological fossil,based on the comprehensive study of some latest drilling and seismic data. The results show that the major sedimentary facies of the Middle Permian Qixia and Maokou Formations include platform margin,open-platform and intra-platform sag,among which the carbonate platform is dominant in the lower Qixia Formation of the Middle Permian,while rimmed platform and isolated intra-platform sag dominate the middle and upper Qixia Formation as well as in the Maokou Formation. The reservoirs of the study area are mainly marginal-platform and intra-platform shoals,concentrating in highstand system tracts. The marginal-platform shoal reservoirs mainly occur in areas including Ya'an-Mianzhu and Jiange-Guangyuan during the Sq1-HST period,and Ya'an-Mianzhu-Guangyuan area duringthe Sq2-HST period; the intra-platform shoal reservoirs are mainly distributed in the Gaoshiti-Moxi block in the central Sichuan Basin during the Sq1-HST and Sq2-HST periods,and Weiyuan-Zigong area during the Sq2-HST period. The intraplatform shoal reservoirs in Gaishiti-Moxi block during the Sq2-HST period are distributed in the form of strips due to the joint influences of paleokarst and tectonic hydrothermal fluids. The marginal-platform and intra-platform shoals are widely distributed in the Middle Permian of Sichuan Basin,and have bright prospects for hydrocarbon exploration.
引文
[1]周进高,姚根顺,杨光,等.四川盆地栖霞组—茅口组岩相古地理与天然气有利勘探区带[J].天然气工业,2016,36(4):8-16.Zhou Jingao,Yao Genshun,Yang Guang,et al. Lithofacies paleogeography and favorable gas exploration zones of Qixia and Makou Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(4):8-16.
[2]江青春,胡素云,汪泽成,等.四川盆地中二叠统中-粗晶白云岩成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(4):503-510.Jiang Qingchun,Hu Suyun,Wang Zecheng,et al. Genesis of mediummacro-crystalline dolomite in the middle Permian of Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(4):503-510.
[3]胡明毅,胡忠贵,魏国齐,等.四川盆地茅口组层序岩相古地理特征及储集层预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):45-55.Hu Mingyi,Hu Zhonggui,Wei Guoqi,et al. Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and reservoir prediction of the Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):45-55.
[4]陈洪德,田景春,刘文均,等.中国南方海相震旦系—中三叠统层序划分与对比[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,29(3):355-379.Chen Hongde,Tian Jingchun,Liu Wenjun,et al. Division and correlation of the sequences of marine Sinian system to Middle Triassic Series in the south of China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2002,29(3):355-379.
[5]赵宗举,周慧,陈轩,等.四川盆地及邻区二叠纪层序岩相古地理及有利勘探区带[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):35-51.Zhao Zongju,Zhou Hui,Chen Xuan,et al. Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and favorable exploration zones of the Permian in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas,China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S2):35-51.
[6]冯增昭,何幼斌,吴胜和.中下扬子地区二叠纪岩相古地理[J].沉积学报,1993,11(3):13-24.Feng Zengzhao,He Youbin,Wu Shenghe. Lithofacies paleogeography of Permian middle and lower Yangtze Region[J]. Acta Sendimentaologica Sinica,1993,11(3):13-24.
[7]冯增昭,杨玉卿.中国南方一叠纪岩相古地理[J].沉积学报,1996,14(2):1-11.Feng Zengzhao,Yang Yuqing. Litholacies paleogeography of the Permian of South China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1996,14(2):1-11.
[8]黄先平,杨天泉,张红梅.四川盆地下二叠统沉积相及其勘探潜力区研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(1):10-12.Huang Xianping,Yang Tianquan,Zhang Hongmei. Research on the sedimentary facies and exploration potentialareas of Lower Permian in Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(1):10-12.
[9]宋章强,王兴志,曾德铭.川西北二叠纪栖霞期沉积相及其与油气的关系[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,27(6):20-23.Song Zhangqiang,Wang Xingzhi,Zeng Deming. Sedimentery facies and its relativity with petroleum-gas at C’hihsia age of Permian in the northwest of Sichuan[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2005,27(6):20-23.
[10]胡明毅,魏国齐,胡忠贵,等.四川盆地中一叠统栖霞组层序一岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2010,12(5):515-526.Hu Mingyi,Wei Guoqi,Hu Zhonggui,et al. Sequence lithofacies palaeogeography of the middle Permian Qixia formation in Sichuan basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2010,12(5):515-526.
[11]江青春,胡素云,汪泽成,等.四川盆地茅口组风化壳岩溶古地貌及勘探选区[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):949-960.Jiang Qingchun,Hu Suyun,Wang Zecheng,et al. Paleokarst landform of the weathering crust of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin and selection of exploration regions[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(6):949-960.
[12]钟怡江,侯梅生,夏杰,等.重庆石柱中二叠统栖霞组和茅口组沉积微相[J].成都理工大学学报(自科版),2014,41(4):458-467.Zhong Yijiang,Hou Meisheng,Xa Jie,et al. Microfacies of Qixia Formation and Maokou Formation in Shizhu,Chongqing,China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science and Technology Edition),2014,41(4):458-467.
[13]陈宗清.论四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组天然气勘探[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(3):325-334.Chen Zongqing. Discussion on gas exploration of middle Permian Qixia Formation,Sichuan basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(3):325-334.
[14]苏旺,江青春,陈志勇,等.四川盆地中二叠统茅口组层序地层特征及其对源储的控制作用[J].天然气工业,2015,35(7):34-43.Su Wang,Jiang Qingqing,Chen Zhiyong,et al. Sequence stratigraphic features of Middle Permian makou formation in the Sichuan basin and their controls on source rocks and reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(7):34-43.
[15]张运波.四川盆地中二叠统层序地层及沉积模式[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.Zhang Yunbo. Sequence stratigraphic and deposition models of the Middle Permian in Sichuan basin[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2011.
[16]魏国齐,杨威,朱永刚,等.川西地区中二叠统栖霞组沉积体系[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(4):442-448.Wei Guoqi,Yang Wei,Zhu Yonggang,et al. Depositional system of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the western Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(4):442-448.
[17]张廷山,陈晓慧,刘治成,等.峨眉地幔柱构造对四川盆地栖霞期沉积格局的影响[J].地质学报,2011,85(8):1251-1264.Zhang Tingshan,Chen Xiaohui,Liu Zhicheng,et al. Effect of Emeishan mantle plume over the sedimentary pattern of Mid-Permian Qixia Period in Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Geolodica Sinica,2011,85(8):1251-1264.
[18]杨巍,张廷山,刘治成,等.地幔柱构造的沉积及环境响应——以峨眉地幔柱为例[J].岩石学报,2014,30(3):835-850.Yang Wei,Zhang Tingshan,Liu Zhicheng,et al. Sedimentary and environmental responses to mantle plume:a case study of Emeishan mantle plum[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):835-850.
[19]罗志立,金以钟,朱夔玉,等.试论上扬子地台的峨眉地裂运动[J].地质论评,1988,34(1):15-28.Lou Zhili,Jin Yizhong,Zhu Kuiyu,et al. On Emeitaphrogenesis of the upper Yangtze platform[J]. Geological Review,1988,34(1):15-28.
[20]李大军,陈辉,陈洪德,等.四川盆地中二叠统茅口组储层形成与古构造演化关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(5):756-763.Li Dajun,Chen Hui,Chen Hongde,et al. Relationship between reservoir development in the Middle Permian Maokou Formation and paleostructure evolution in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(5):756-763.
[21]唐雪松,谭秀成,刘宏,等.四川盆地东部中二叠统茅口组白云岩及云质硅岩储层特征与发育规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(5):731-743.Tang Xuesong,Tan Xiucheng,Liu Hong,et al. Characteristics and development mechanism of dolomite and dolomitic quartzitereservoirs of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(5):731-743.
[2]江青春,胡素云,汪泽成,等.四川盆地中二叠统中-粗晶白云岩成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(4):503-510.Jiang Qingchun,Hu Suyun,Wang Zecheng,et al. Genesis of mediummacro-crystalline dolomite in the middle Permian of Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(4):503-510.
[3]胡明毅,胡忠贵,魏国齐,等.四川盆地茅口组层序岩相古地理特征及储集层预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):45-55.Hu Mingyi,Hu Zhonggui,Wei Guoqi,et al. Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and reservoir prediction of the Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):45-55.
[4]陈洪德,田景春,刘文均,等.中国南方海相震旦系—中三叠统层序划分与对比[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,29(3):355-379.Chen Hongde,Tian Jingchun,Liu Wenjun,et al. Division and correlation of the sequences of marine Sinian system to Middle Triassic Series in the south of China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2002,29(3):355-379.
[5]赵宗举,周慧,陈轩,等.四川盆地及邻区二叠纪层序岩相古地理及有利勘探区带[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):35-51.Zhao Zongju,Zhou Hui,Chen Xuan,et al. Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and favorable exploration zones of the Permian in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas,China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S2):35-51.
[6]冯增昭,何幼斌,吴胜和.中下扬子地区二叠纪岩相古地理[J].沉积学报,1993,11(3):13-24.Feng Zengzhao,He Youbin,Wu Shenghe. Lithofacies paleogeography of Permian middle and lower Yangtze Region[J]. Acta Sendimentaologica Sinica,1993,11(3):13-24.
[7]冯增昭,杨玉卿.中国南方一叠纪岩相古地理[J].沉积学报,1996,14(2):1-11.Feng Zengzhao,Yang Yuqing. Litholacies paleogeography of the Permian of South China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1996,14(2):1-11.
[8]黄先平,杨天泉,张红梅.四川盆地下二叠统沉积相及其勘探潜力区研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(1):10-12.Huang Xianping,Yang Tianquan,Zhang Hongmei. Research on the sedimentary facies and exploration potentialareas of Lower Permian in Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(1):10-12.
[9]宋章强,王兴志,曾德铭.川西北二叠纪栖霞期沉积相及其与油气的关系[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,27(6):20-23.Song Zhangqiang,Wang Xingzhi,Zeng Deming. Sedimentery facies and its relativity with petroleum-gas at C’hihsia age of Permian in the northwest of Sichuan[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2005,27(6):20-23.
[10]胡明毅,魏国齐,胡忠贵,等.四川盆地中一叠统栖霞组层序一岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2010,12(5):515-526.Hu Mingyi,Wei Guoqi,Hu Zhonggui,et al. Sequence lithofacies palaeogeography of the middle Permian Qixia formation in Sichuan basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2010,12(5):515-526.
[11]江青春,胡素云,汪泽成,等.四川盆地茅口组风化壳岩溶古地貌及勘探选区[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):949-960.Jiang Qingchun,Hu Suyun,Wang Zecheng,et al. Paleokarst landform of the weathering crust of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin and selection of exploration regions[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(6):949-960.
[12]钟怡江,侯梅生,夏杰,等.重庆石柱中二叠统栖霞组和茅口组沉积微相[J].成都理工大学学报(自科版),2014,41(4):458-467.Zhong Yijiang,Hou Meisheng,Xa Jie,et al. Microfacies of Qixia Formation and Maokou Formation in Shizhu,Chongqing,China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science and Technology Edition),2014,41(4):458-467.
[13]陈宗清.论四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组天然气勘探[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(3):325-334.Chen Zongqing. Discussion on gas exploration of middle Permian Qixia Formation,Sichuan basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(3):325-334.
[14]苏旺,江青春,陈志勇,等.四川盆地中二叠统茅口组层序地层特征及其对源储的控制作用[J].天然气工业,2015,35(7):34-43.Su Wang,Jiang Qingqing,Chen Zhiyong,et al. Sequence stratigraphic features of Middle Permian makou formation in the Sichuan basin and their controls on source rocks and reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(7):34-43.
[15]张运波.四川盆地中二叠统层序地层及沉积模式[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.Zhang Yunbo. Sequence stratigraphic and deposition models of the Middle Permian in Sichuan basin[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2011.
[16]魏国齐,杨威,朱永刚,等.川西地区中二叠统栖霞组沉积体系[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(4):442-448.Wei Guoqi,Yang Wei,Zhu Yonggang,et al. Depositional system of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the western Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(4):442-448.
[17]张廷山,陈晓慧,刘治成,等.峨眉地幔柱构造对四川盆地栖霞期沉积格局的影响[J].地质学报,2011,85(8):1251-1264.Zhang Tingshan,Chen Xiaohui,Liu Zhicheng,et al. Effect of Emeishan mantle plume over the sedimentary pattern of Mid-Permian Qixia Period in Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Geolodica Sinica,2011,85(8):1251-1264.
[18]杨巍,张廷山,刘治成,等.地幔柱构造的沉积及环境响应——以峨眉地幔柱为例[J].岩石学报,2014,30(3):835-850.Yang Wei,Zhang Tingshan,Liu Zhicheng,et al. Sedimentary and environmental responses to mantle plume:a case study of Emeishan mantle plum[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):835-850.
[19]罗志立,金以钟,朱夔玉,等.试论上扬子地台的峨眉地裂运动[J].地质论评,1988,34(1):15-28.Lou Zhili,Jin Yizhong,Zhu Kuiyu,et al. On Emeitaphrogenesis of the upper Yangtze platform[J]. Geological Review,1988,34(1):15-28.
[20]李大军,陈辉,陈洪德,等.四川盆地中二叠统茅口组储层形成与古构造演化关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(5):756-763.Li Dajun,Chen Hui,Chen Hongde,et al. Relationship between reservoir development in the Middle Permian Maokou Formation and paleostructure evolution in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(5):756-763.
[21]唐雪松,谭秀成,刘宏,等.四川盆地东部中二叠统茅口组白云岩及云质硅岩储层特征与发育规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(5):731-743.Tang Xuesong,Tan Xiucheng,Liu Hong,et al. Characteristics and development mechanism of dolomite and dolomitic quartzitereservoirs of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(5):731-743.
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