南海北缘古近纪裂陷结构时空差异及控制因素——以珠江口盆地为例
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摘要
为加深南海北缘地区新生代盆地复杂裂陷结构的认识,以珠江口盆地为例,利用丰富的二维、三维地震资料,针对古近纪裂陷结构的发育及演化特征进行了研究.通过地震剖面构造与地层的精细解析以及断裂活动速率计算等手段,解剖了珠江口盆地内主干断裂体系和凹陷结构的发育特征,分析了断裂体系的演化规律及沉积中心的变迁过程,进而结合前人的研究成果,对裂陷演化及转型机制进行了探讨,认为基底结构和区域应力场共同作用导致珠江口盆地古近纪裂陷结构存在明显的时空差异.研究结果表明:珠江口盆地古近纪裂陷期发育了以NE,NEE,近EW和NWW走向为主的主干断裂体系.空间上,受控于复杂的先存断裂、基底岩性和初始岩石圈结构,盆地自西向东控盆断裂走向发生由NE向→NEE向→近EW向的转变,由北向南盆地结构由狭长型窄地堑、半地堑向宽缓型地堑、半地堑转变;时间上,受控于周缘板块调整事件及其引起的深部地幔活动,由早到晚盆地的同沉积主干断裂优势方向由NNE和NEE向往近EW和NWW向转变,沉积中心整体向东、向南迁移.
To deepen the understanding of complicated Cenozoic rift basin structures in the northern South China Sea,abundant 2 Dand 3 Dseismic data of Pearl River Mouth basin were used to study the characteristics and evolution of Paleogene rift structures.By the methods of seismic interpretation of faults and sequences and fault active rate calculation,not only the major fault systems and depression structures but also the fault evolution and depocenter migration were clarified.Furthermore,the mechanism of rifting transition process was discussed based on the previous studies.It indicates that basement structure and regional stress jointly lead to the spatial and temporal difference of Paleogene rift structures in the Pearl River Mouth basin.The results show that a series of NE-,NEE-,EW-and NWW-trending major faults developed in the Pearl River Mouth basin during Paleogene.Spatially,controlled by the pre-existing basement fabrics,basement lithology and initial lithospheric structure,the trend of major fault systems shows a change of NE-,NEE-to EW-direction from west to east.Meanwhile,the basin structures change from narrow(half-)grabens to wide(half-)grabens southwards.Temporally,controlled by the regional interactions of plates and deep mantle activities,the dominant direction of major syndepositional faults changed from NE-and NEE-trending in the early rift period to EW-and NWW-trending in the late rift period,along with the eastwards and southwards migration of depocenters.
To deepen the understanding of complicated Cenozoic rift basin structures in the northern South China Sea,abundant 2 Dand 3 Dseismic data of Pearl River Mouth basin were used to study the characteristics and evolution of Paleogene rift structures.By the methods of seismic interpretation of faults and sequences and fault active rate calculation,not only the major fault systems and depression structures but also the fault evolution and depocenter migration were clarified.Furthermore,the mechanism of rifting transition process was discussed based on the previous studies.It indicates that basement structure and regional stress jointly lead to the spatial and temporal difference of Paleogene rift structures in the Pearl River Mouth basin.The results show that a series of NE-,NEE-,EW-and NWW-trending major faults developed in the Pearl River Mouth basin during Paleogene.Spatially,controlled by the pre-existing basement fabrics,basement lithology and initial lithospheric structure,the trend of major fault systems shows a change of NE-,NEE-to EW-direction from west to east.Meanwhile,the basin structures change from narrow(half-)grabens to wide(half-)grabens southwards.Temporally,controlled by the regional interactions of plates and deep mantle activities,the dominant direction of major syndepositional faults changed from NE-and NEE-trending in the early rift period to EW-and NWW-trending in the late rift period,along with the eastwards and southwards migration of depocenters.
引文
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