四川盆地东南部泸州古隆起的厘定及其成因机制
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摘要
对盆地内部大型古隆起地质结构认识的逐渐加深,往往伴随着重要的油气勘探发现,前期丰富的油气勘探成果表明,泸州古隆起是四川盆地重要的聚油气构造单元之一。同时,泸州古隆起的形成与演化又受到多种地质因素的影响,它是扬子板块内部变形与周缘地块在印支期造山运动的联合响应,是研究盆-山耦合关系与盆地叠加改造过程的天然场所。借助于大量的地震反射剖面和钻井资料,对川东南地区印支期泸州古隆起进行详细的厘定。通过不同地区的地层对比分析,识别隆起发育地区的三叠系地层缺失情况。在精细追踪地震层位的基础上,分析了不整合面的发育特征,进而认识泸州古隆起的阶段性演化特征。利用井、震结合的方法,追踪不同时期的地层尖灭点分布范围,较为详细地刻画出泸州古隆起的展布特征。结合研究区大地构造背景,进一步分析泸州古隆起形成与演化的动力学特征,提出泸州古隆起的成因机制模型。研究认为,四川盆地东南部地区发育印支期的泸州古隆起,其经历了3个显著的演化阶段:早三叠世嘉陵江组沉积时期为萌芽期,中三叠世雷口坡组沉积时期为发育期,晚三叠世须家河组沉积时期为隆起的消亡期。泸州古隆起的形成受控于周缘地块的印支期造山运动,是扬子地块东南缘江南雪峰造山带自东向西挤压、迁移过程中形成于山前坳陷带的前缘隆起。
Increased understanding of the geological structure of large paleo-uplift within a basin is often accompanied by great oil and gas discovery.The exploratory findings of abundant oil and gas in the Luzhou paleo-uplift demonstrate that it is one of the most important oil and gas structural units in the Sichuan Basin.Many geological factors influenced the formation and evolution of the Luzhou paleo-uplift from joint response of the intra-plate deformation of the Yangtze Block and the Indosinian Orogeny of the peripheral block,making the paleo-uplift a natural laboratory for studying basin-mountain coupling and basin evolution.In this study,we carried out a detailed determination of the Indosinian Luzhou paleo-uplift in southeastern Sichuan by using a large number of seismic reflection profiles and drilling data.We also determined the loss of Triassic strata in the uplift area by stratigraphic correlation analysis of different regions.Based on the detailed seismic interpretation,we analyzed the developmental characteristic of the unconformities and subsequently revealed the periodic evolutionary characteristic of the Luzhou paleo-uplift.Meanwhile,by combining drilling and seismic data,we tracked the distribution range of pinch out of different periods and described in detail the distribution characteristic of Luzhou paleo-uplift.We further investigated the dynamic characteristics of the Luzhou paleo-uplift formation and evolution by taking into account the tectonic background of the study area and proposed the genetic mechanism model of the Luzhou paleo-uplift.It is believed that the Luzhou paleo-uplift in the southeastern Sichuan Basin has undergone three significant evolutionary stages,i.e.budding stage of the sedimentary period of the Early Triassic Jialingjiang Formation,developmental stage of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation,and extinction stage of the Late Triassic Xujiahe Formation.The formation of the Luzhou paleo-uplift is controlled by the Indosinian Orogeny in the peripheral block.The peleo-uplift can be regarded as crustal uplifted zones in the front of the piedmont depression,during the period of westward migration and extrusion of the Jiangnan Xuefeng Orogen,on the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block.
Increased understanding of the geological structure of large paleo-uplift within a basin is often accompanied by great oil and gas discovery.The exploratory findings of abundant oil and gas in the Luzhou paleo-uplift demonstrate that it is one of the most important oil and gas structural units in the Sichuan Basin.Many geological factors influenced the formation and evolution of the Luzhou paleo-uplift from joint response of the intra-plate deformation of the Yangtze Block and the Indosinian Orogeny of the peripheral block,making the paleo-uplift a natural laboratory for studying basin-mountain coupling and basin evolution.In this study,we carried out a detailed determination of the Indosinian Luzhou paleo-uplift in southeastern Sichuan by using a large number of seismic reflection profiles and drilling data.We also determined the loss of Triassic strata in the uplift area by stratigraphic correlation analysis of different regions.Based on the detailed seismic interpretation,we analyzed the developmental characteristic of the unconformities and subsequently revealed the periodic evolutionary characteristic of the Luzhou paleo-uplift.Meanwhile,by combining drilling and seismic data,we tracked the distribution range of pinch out of different periods and described in detail the distribution characteristic of Luzhou paleo-uplift.We further investigated the dynamic characteristics of the Luzhou paleo-uplift formation and evolution by taking into account the tectonic background of the study area and proposed the genetic mechanism model of the Luzhou paleo-uplift.It is believed that the Luzhou paleo-uplift in the southeastern Sichuan Basin has undergone three significant evolutionary stages,i.e.budding stage of the sedimentary period of the Early Triassic Jialingjiang Formation,developmental stage of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation,and extinction stage of the Late Triassic Xujiahe Formation.The formation of the Luzhou paleo-uplift is controlled by the Indosinian Orogeny in the peripheral block.The peleo-uplift can be regarded as crustal uplifted zones in the front of the piedmont depression,during the period of westward migration and extrusion of the Jiangnan Xuefeng Orogen,on the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block.
引文
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[3]何登发,李德生,童晓光,等.多期叠加盆地古隆起控油规律[J].石油学报,2008,29(4):475-488.
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[5]孙衍鹏,何登发.四川盆地北部剑阁古隆起的厘定及其基本特征[J].地质学报,2013,87(5):609-620.
[6]许效松,门玉澎,张海全,等.古陆、古隆与古地理[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2010,30(3):1-10.
[7]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地克拉通内古隆起的成因机制与构造类型[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):207-221.
[8]安作相.四川盆地三叠纪末的古地质[J].地质学报,1962,42(4):370-378.
[9]赵宗举,朱琰,邓红婴,等.中国南方古隆起对中、古生界原生油气藏的控制作用[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(1):10-17.
[10]王鑫.泸州古隆起地区三叠系嘉陵江组层序地层与储层研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2007.
[11]周进高,辛勇光,谷明峰,等.四川盆地中三叠统雷口坡组天然气勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2010,30(12):16-19.
[12]安作相.泸州古隆起与川南油气[J].石油实验地质,1996,18(3):267-273.
[13]李晓清,汪泽成.四川盆地古隆起特征及天然气的控制作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):347-351.
[14]李延钧,李其荣,王廷栋,等.泸州古隆起下三叠统嘉陵江组成藏地球化学特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(3):363-369.
[15]解发川,郭川,董文玉,等.泸州古隆起地区嘉一—嘉二段台内滩演化分析[J].天然气技术与经济,2011,5(6):6-10.
[16]何斌,徐义刚,王雅玫,等.东吴运动性质的厘定及其时空演变规律[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2005,30(1):89-96.
[17]姜自然,陆正元,吕宗刚,等.四川盆地东吴期泸州古隆起与茅口组碳酸盐岩缝洞储层分布[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(4):411-415.
[18]张廷山,陈晓慧,姜照勇,等.泸州古隆起对贵州赤水地区早、中三叠世沉积环境和相带展布的控制[J].沉积学报,2008,26(4):583-592.
[19]赵艳军,刘成林,龚大兴,等.泸州—开江古隆起对川东三叠纪成盐成钾环境的控制作用[J].地质学报,2015,89(11):1983-1989.
[20]辜学达,刘啸虎.全国地层多重划分对比研究(51):四川省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997:1-418.
[21]罗志立.四川盆地基底结构的新认识[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),1998,25(2):191-200.
[22]汪泽成,赵文智,李宗银,等.基底断裂在四川盆地须家河组天然气成藏中的作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(5):541-547.
[23]刘树根,邓宾,李智武,等.盆山结构与油气分布:以四川盆地为例[J].岩石学报,2011,27(3):621-635.
[24]何登发,李德生,张国伟,等.四川多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].地质科学,2011,46(3):589-606.
[25]张健,沈平,杨威,等.四川盆地前震旦纪沉积岩新认识与油气勘探的意义[J].天然气工业,2012,32(7):1-5.
[26]覃作鹏,刘树根,邓宾,等.川东南构造带中新生代多期构造特征及演化[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(6):703-711.
[27] XU Y J,CAWOOD P A,DU Y,et al.Early Paleozoic orogenesis along Gondwana's northern margin constrained by provenance data from South China[J].Tectonophysics,2014,636:40-51.
[28] YAO W H,LI Z X.Tectonostratigraphic history of the Ediacaran-Silurian Nanhua foreland basin in South China[J].Tectonophysics,2016,674:31-51.
[29] LI S Z,ZHAO S J,LIU X,et al.Closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean and Early Paleozoic amalgamation of microcontinental blocks in East Asia[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2018,186:37-75.
[30] HUANG H Y,HE D F,LI Y Q,et al.Silurian tectonicsedimentary setting and basin evolution in the Sichuan area,Southwest China:implications for palaeogeographic reconstructions[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2018,92:403-423.
[31]黄涵宇,何登发,李英强,等.四川盆地及邻区二叠纪梁山—栖霞组沉积盆地原型及其演化[J].岩石学报,2017,33(4):1317-1337.
[32]何登发,管树巍,张水昌,等.上扬子克拉通北部晚古生代—中三叠世大陆边缘盆地的形成与演化[J].地质科学,2016,51(2):329-353.
[33]魏国齐,杨威,杜金虎,等.四川盆地震旦纪—早寒武世克拉通内裂陷地质特征[J].天然气工业,2015,35(1):24-35.
[34]汪泽成.四川盆地构造层序与天然气勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:1-287.
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