浙江江山五家垄断层泥的矿物组成及Fe化学种分布特征:对断层活动性质的启示
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摘要
由于房屋建设开挖,浙江省江山市五家垄出露6条新鲜小断层,属于江绍断裂的次级组成部分.结合野外地质勘查,运用粉晶X射线衍射和穆斯堡尔谱技术对五家垄断层的3条小断层(F1、F2与F3)的断层泥和断层围岩进行矿物组成和铁元素化学种分布特征的对比分析与研究发现:断层围岩与断层泥的矿物成分主要为石英和黏土矿物,还含有少量钠长石和方解石,其中黏土矿物以伊利石、伊蒙混层和高蒙混层为主,还含有少量的绿泥石、高岭石和极少量的蒙脱石和蛭石;除采自F2断层的JS07样品外,断层围岩中造岩矿物含量高于断层泥,而断层泥黏土含量高于断层围岩;F1断层泥黏土矿物只有伊利石,显示断层带内为一个相对稳定的环境,F2与F3断层泥中伊利石含量低于断层围岩,蒙脱石、伊蒙混层含量高于断层围岩,指示其处于一个潮湿、强氧化环境;F1断层围岩高含量的还原性铁指示断层围岩形成的过程中有还原性物质的参与或者处于相对封闭的环境,F1、F3断层泥与F3上盘高含量的氧化铁亦说明F1、F3断层近期不活跃或者是块体内断层;断层带内黏土矿物的类型及组合与断层带内的氧化还原环境显示五家垄断层处于相对稳定的环境,但断层带内伊利石含量较高,有利于断层活动,五家垄断层的活动性与发震可能性应引起重视.
As a result of the excavation of building construction,6 small size fresh faults exposed in Wujialong of Jiangshan City,Zhejiang Province,which was sub-branch of Jiangshao fault.Field geological survey,X-ray powder diffraction and M9 ssbauer spectroscopy were used to study the mineral composition and iron species of fault gouges and wall rocks of 3 small faults(F1,F2 and F3)in Wujialong fault.After comparative analysis and research we found that:(1)The wall rocks and fault gouges are mainly composed of quartz and clay minerals,and also contain a small amount of albite and calcite.The clay minerals are mainly composed of illite and IS layer,and also contain small amount of chlorite,kaolinite and KS layer and trace amount of montmorillonite and vermiculite.(2)Except the JS07 sample,the rock forming minerals content is higher than that of fault gouges whereas to the clay content in fault gouges is higher than that of wall rocks.(3)Clay mineral in F1 fault is dom-inated by illite,indicating a relative stable environment.The content of illite in F2 and F3 fault gouges are lower than that in wall rocks,montmorillonite and IS layer is higher than that in wall rocks,indicating that it was formed in wet,strong oxidizing environment.(4)The high content of reduced iron of wall rocks in F1 may suggest that the formation of wall rocks is involved in the process of reducing substances,the high levels of oxidized iron of F1,F3 fault zone and F3 hanger,indicating either F1,F3 faults are inactive and/or they are inner-block fault.(5)The types and association of clay minerals in the fault zone and the redox environment generally show that the Wujialong fault is in a relatively stable environment,however,the content of illite in the fault zone is high,which is conducive to the fault activity.The activity of Wujialong fault and the possibility of earthquake should be taken into consideration seriously.
As a result of the excavation of building construction,6 small size fresh faults exposed in Wujialong of Jiangshan City,Zhejiang Province,which was sub-branch of Jiangshao fault.Field geological survey,X-ray powder diffraction and M9 ssbauer spectroscopy were used to study the mineral composition and iron species of fault gouges and wall rocks of 3 small faults(F1,F2 and F3)in Wujialong fault.After comparative analysis and research we found that:(1)The wall rocks and fault gouges are mainly composed of quartz and clay minerals,and also contain a small amount of albite and calcite.The clay minerals are mainly composed of illite and IS layer,and also contain small amount of chlorite,kaolinite and KS layer and trace amount of montmorillonite and vermiculite.(2)Except the JS07 sample,the rock forming minerals content is higher than that of fault gouges whereas to the clay content in fault gouges is higher than that of wall rocks.(3)Clay mineral in F1 fault is dom-inated by illite,indicating a relative stable environment.The content of illite in F2 and F3 fault gouges are lower than that in wall rocks,montmorillonite and IS layer is higher than that in wall rocks,indicating that it was formed in wet,strong oxidizing environment.(4)The high content of reduced iron of wall rocks in F1 may suggest that the formation of wall rocks is involved in the process of reducing substances,the high levels of oxidized iron of F1,F3 fault zone and F3 hanger,indicating either F1,F3 faults are inactive and/or they are inner-block fault.(5)The types and association of clay minerals in the fault zone and the redox environment generally show that the Wujialong fault is in a relatively stable environment,however,the content of illite in the fault zone is high,which is conducive to the fault activity.The activity of Wujialong fault and the possibility of earthquake should be taken into consideration seriously.
引文
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Guo,F.S.,2004.Sedimentary Evolution and Tectonic Control of Paleozoic in Jiangshan,Zhejiang(Dissertation).China University of Geosciences,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Guo,F.S.,2014.Outline of Jiangshan Geology and Practice Guide for Regional Geological Survey.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Hashimoto,Y.,Ujiie,K.,Sakaguchi,A.,et al.,2007.Characteristics and Implication of Clay Minerals in the Northern and Southern Parts of the Chelung-Pu Fault,Taiwan.Tectonophysics,443(3-4):233-242.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.01.024
Hataya,R.,Tanaka,K.,Miki,T.,1997.A New ESR Signal(R Signal)in Quartz Grains Taken from Fault Gauges:Its Properties and Significance for ESR Fault Dating.Applied Radiation and Isotopes,48(3):423-429.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(96)00230-8
Hoffman,J.,Hower,J.,1979.Clay Mineral Assemblages as Low Grade Metamorphic Geothermometers:Application to the Thrust Faulted Disturbed Belt of Montana.Aspects of Diagenesis,55-79.https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.79.26.0055
Hong,H.L.,Fang,Q.,Wang,C.W.,et al.,2017.Constraints of Parent Magma on Altered Clay Minerals:A Case Study on the Permin-Triassic Boundary in Xinmin Section,Guizhou Province.Earth Science,42(2):161-172(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang,S.J.,1990.Identification and Diagenetic Significance of Interstratified Illite-Montmorillonite Series.Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography,(5):23-29(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin,W.S.,Zhao,F.Q.,Zhang,H.M.,1998.Division of Tectonic Units and Its Characteristics.Geology of Zhejiang,14(1):1-10(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,Z.,Ying,Y.P.,1996.Mineral M9ssbauer Spectroscopy.Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
Liang,D.X.,Chen,L.E.,1990.Phanerozoice on Sedimentologic and Tectonic Evolution in the West Zhejiang and Anhui Region.Journal of East China College of Geology,(4):84-92(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin,C.Y.,Shi,L.F.,Liu,X.S.,et al.,1995.Significance of Fault Gouge in the Study of Recent Activity of Fault in Bedrock Area.Earthquake Research in China,11(1):26-32(in Chinese with English abstract).
Luo,D.G.,Liu,J.P.,Jin,C.,2017.Instantaneous Seismic Attributes and Response Characteristics of Active Faults.Earth Science,42(3):462-470(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma,R.Z.,Xu,Y.T.,1996.M9ssbauer Spectroscopy.Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
Ma,X.X.,Wang,H.L.,Zhang,Z.W.,et al.,2014.Distribution Charcateristics of Iron Species in Three Faults Along the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau,China.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,33(3):348-354(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pollastro,R.M.,1993.Considerations and Applications of the Illite/Smectite Geothermometer in Hydrocarbon-Bearing Rocks of Miocene to Mississippian Age.Clays and Clay Minerals,41(2):119-133.https://doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.1993.0410202
Shao,S.M.,1994.Present Condition and Progress of Fault Gouge Research.Earthquake Research in Plateau,6(3):51-56(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tanaka,H.,Fujimoto,K.,Ohtani,T.,et al.,2001.Structural and Chemical Characterization of Shear Zones in the Freshly Activated Nojima Fault,Awaji Island,Southwest Japan.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,106(B5):8789-8810.https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900444
Tang,Y.J.,Jia,J.Y.,Xie,X.D.,2002.Environment Significance of Clay Minerals.Earth Science Frontiers,9(2):337-344(in Chinese with English abstract).
Vrolijk,P.,Van,d.P.B.A.,1999.Clay Gouge.Journal of Structural Geology,21(8):1039-1048.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(99)00103-0
Wang,J.,2000.Neoproterozoic Rifting History of South China:Significance to Rodinia Breakup.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Wang,Z.W.,Pang,B.Z.,2008.Geophysical Logging and Global Climate Change Research.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),(Suppl.1):103-105(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,F.T.,Blatter,L.,Roberson,H.,1975.Clay Gouges in the San Andreas Fault System and Their Possible Implications.Pure and Applied Geophysics,113(1):87-95.https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01592901
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