运用红外相机调查云南巍山青华绿孔雀自然保护区的鸟兽多样性
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摘要
2016年10月至2017年9月,作者在云南巍山青华绿孔雀自然保护区的核心区和缓冲区的28个监测位点布设红外相机,累计监测6,377台日,共获得独立有效照片1,692张,其中兽类563张,鸟类1,129张。鉴定出71种鸟类和兽类,其中兽类13种,分属5目11科;鸟类58种,分属9目23科。国家一级重点保护动物有2种,即黑颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus humiae)和林麝(Moschus berezovskii);国家二级重点保护动物有7种,分别是黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)、松雀鹰(Accipitervirgatus)、普通鵟(Buteojaponicus)、白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophusamherstiae)、白鹇(Lophuarnycthemera)、领角鸮(Otus lettia)和灰林鸮(Strix aluco)。在《中国脊椎动物红色名录》中, 1种被评估为极危, 3种被评估为易危。CITES附录I收录的有1种,附录Ⅱ收录的有7种。物种相对丰富度最高的是黑领噪鹛(Garrulaxpectoralis,5.68),其次是赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus, 2.81)、赤麂(Muntiacus muntjak, 1.68)。本次物种调查结果可反映本保护区大、中型兽类和地栖性鸟类本底,为保护区管理和野生动物长期监测提供了数据。
Between October 2016 and September 2017, we deployed 28 infrared cameras(6,377 camera trapping days) to detect bird and mammal species in Weishan Qinghua Green Peafowl Nature Reserve. We obtained 1,692 effective images(mammals n = 563; birds n = 1,129). From these images, we identified 13 mammal species from 5 orders and 11 families and 58 bird species from 9 orders and 23 families. Among these, Syrmaticus humiae and Moschus berezovskii are listed as national first-class protected species, and Martes flavigula, Accipiter virgatus, Buteo japonicus, Chrysolophus amherstiae, Lophuar nycthemera, Otus lettia, Strix aluco are listed as national second-class protected species. Of the species identified, 1 species is evaluated as Critically Endangered(CR) and 3 species as Vulnerable(VU) in the Red List of China's Vertebrate. One species is also listed in Appendix I and 7 other species are in Appendix Ⅱ of CITES. We found that Garrulax pectoralis had the highest relative abundance(5.68 effective images per 100 trap-days), followed by Callosciurus erythraeus(2.81) and Muntiacus muntjak(1.68). Our results provided the first record of large and mid-sized mammals and terrestrial birds from this nature reserve, thereby providing primary baseline data of wildlife resources for future management of biodiversity.
Between October 2016 and September 2017, we deployed 28 infrared cameras(6,377 camera trapping days) to detect bird and mammal species in Weishan Qinghua Green Peafowl Nature Reserve. We obtained 1,692 effective images(mammals n = 563; birds n = 1,129). From these images, we identified 13 mammal species from 5 orders and 11 families and 58 bird species from 9 orders and 23 families. Among these, Syrmaticus humiae and Moschus berezovskii are listed as national first-class protected species, and Martes flavigula, Accipiter virgatus, Buteo japonicus, Chrysolophus amherstiae, Lophuar nycthemera, Otus lettia, Strix aluco are listed as national second-class protected species. Of the species identified, 1 species is evaluated as Critically Endangered(CR) and 3 species as Vulnerable(VU) in the Red List of China's Vertebrate. One species is also listed in Appendix I and 7 other species are in Appendix Ⅱ of CITES. We found that Garrulax pectoralis had the highest relative abundance(5.68 effective images per 100 trap-days), followed by Callosciurus erythraeus(2.81) and Muntiacus muntjak(1.68). Our results provided the first record of large and mid-sized mammals and terrestrial birds from this nature reserve, thereby providing primary baseline data of wildlife resources for future management of biodiversity.
引文
Bai DF,Chen Y,Li JS,Tao Q,Wang LF,Piao Y,Shi K(2018)Mammal diversity in Shangyong Nature Reserve,Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province.Biodiversity Science,26,75-78.(in Chinese with English abstract)[白德凤,陈颖,李俊松,陶庆,王利繁,飘优,时坤(2018)西双版纳尚勇自然保护区哺乳动物物种多样性.生物多样性,26,75-78.]
Fang YH,Ren GP,Gao Y,Zhang SX,Wang HH,Li YP,Huang ZP,Cui LW,Xiao W(2018)Impact of ground and canopy camera-trapping installation on wildlife monitoring.Biodiversity Science,26,717-726.(in Chinese with English abstract)[房以好,任国鹏,高颖,张淑霞,王浩瀚,李延鹏,黄志旁,崔亮伟,肖文(2018)红外相机安放于地面和林冠层对野生动物监测结果的影响.生物多样性,26,717-726.]
Hua R,Cui DY,Liu J,Zhang J,Huang S,Guo G,Luo AD(2018)The status and distribution of green peafowl(Pavo muticus imperator)in China.Chinese Journal of Wildlife,39,681-684.(in Chinese with English abstract)[滑荣,崔多英,刘佳,张敬,黄松,郭光,罗爱东(2018)中国绿孔雀种群现状调查.野生动物学报,39,681-684.]
Jiang ZG,Jiang JP,Wang YZ,Zhang E,Zhang YY,Li LL,Xie F,Cai B,Cao L,Zheng GM,Dong L,Zhang ZW,Ding P,Luo ZH,Ding CQ,Ma ZJ,Tang SH,Cao WX,Li CW,Hu HJ,Ma Y,Wu Y,Wang YX,Zhou KY,Liu SY,Chen YY,Li JT,Feng ZJ,Wang Y,Wang B,Li C,Song XL,Cai L,Zang CX,Zeng Y,Meng ZB,Fang HX,Ping XG(2016)Red List of China’s Vertebrates.Biodiversity Science,24,500-551.(in Chinese and in English)[蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,张鹗,张雁云,李立立,谢锋,蔡波,曹亮,郑光美,董路,张正旺,丁平,罗振华,丁长青,马志军,汤宋华,曹文宣,李春旺,胡慧建,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,周开亚,刘少英,陈跃英,李家堂,冯祚建,王燕,王斌,李成,宋雪琳,蔡蕾,臧春鑫,曾岩,孟智斌,方红霞,平晓鸽(2016)中国脊椎动物红色名录.生物多样性,24,500-551.]
Jiang ZG,Ma Y,Wu Y,Wang YX,Feng ZJ,Zhou KY,Liu SY,Luo ZH,Li CW(2015)China’s mammalian diversity.Biodiversity Science,23,351-364.(in Chinese with English abstract)[蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,冯祚建,周开亚,刘少英,罗振华,李春旺(2015)中国哺乳动物多样性.生物多样性,23,351-364.]
Kong DJ,Wu F,Shan PF,Gao JY,Luo WX,Yang XJ(2018)Status and distribution changes of the endangered green peafowl(Pavo muticus)in China over the past three decades(1990s-2017).Avian Research,9,18.
Li S,Wang DJ,Xiao ZS,Li XH,Wang TM,Feng LM,Wang Y(2014)Camera-trapping in wildlife research and conservation in China:Review and outlook.Biodiversity Science,22,685-695.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李晟,王大军,肖治术,李欣海,王天明,冯利民,王云(2014)红外相机技术在我国野生动物研究与保护中的应用与前景.生物多样性,22,685-695.]
Li S,Yu FH,LüXF(2012)Cranial morphometric study of four giant flying squirrels(Petaurista)(Rodentia:Sciuridae)from China.Zoological Research,33,119-126.
Li S,Yu FH,Yang QS(2013)Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Petaurista inferred from the cytochrome b gene,with implications for the taxonomic status of P.caniceps,P.sybilla.PLo S ONE,8,e70461.
MacKinnon J,Phillipps K,He FQ(2000)A Field Guide to the Birds of China.Hunan Education Publishing House,Changsha.(in Chinese)[约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇(2000)中国鸟类野外手册.湖南教育出版社,长沙.]
O’Brien TG,Kinnaird MF,Wibisono HT(2003)Crouching tigers,hidden prey:Sumatran and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape.Animal Conservation,6,131-139.
Smith AT,Xie Y(2009)A Guide to the Mammals of China.Hunan Education Publishing House,Changsha.(in Chinese)[Smith AT,解焱(2009)中国兽类野外手册.湖南教育出版社,长沙.]
Wang QY,He YC,Zhang MX,Song JP,Tao YX,Zhang ZY,Yan ZJ,Yang HP(2018)Application of infrared cameras for wildlife surveys in the Bulong Nature Reserve,Xishuangbanna Prefecture,Yunnan Province.Acta Theriologica Sinica,38,513-518.(in Chinese with English abstract)[王巧燕,何有才,张明霞,宋军平,陶永祥,张忠员,岩章尖,杨鸿培(2018)利用红外相机技术调查云南布龙州级自然保护区野生动物.兽类学报,38,513-518.]
Wen XJ,Yang XJ,Han LX,Yang L,Wang WM(1995)Investigations on the current status of the distribution of green peafowl in China.Chinese Biodiversity,3,46-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)[文贤继,杨晓君,韩联宪,杨岚,王为民(1995)绿孔雀在中国的分布现状调查.生物多样性,3,46-51.]
Xiao ZS,Li XH,Wang XZ,Zhou QH,Quan RC,Shen XL,Li S(2014)Developing camera-trapping protocols for wildlife monitoring in Chinese forests.Biodiversity Science,22,704-711.(in Chinese with English abstract)[肖治术,李欣海,王学志,周岐海,权锐昌,申小莉,李晟(2014)探讨我国森林野生动物红外相机监测规范.生物多样性,22,704-711.]
Xie WH,Yang XF,Li JN,Tao SL,Xiao ZS(2014)A preliminary study of the biodiversity of ground-dwelling small mammals in Badagongshan National Nature Reserve,Hunan Province.Biodiversity Science,22,216-222.(in Chinese with English abstract)[谢文华,杨锡福,李俊年,陶双伦,肖治术(2014)八大公山自然保护区地栖性小兽多样性初步研究.生物多样性,22,216-222.]
Yu F,Pang J,Kilpatrick CW,Mcguire PM,Wang Y,Lu S(2006)Phylogeny and biogeography of the Petaurista philippensis complex(Rodentia:Sciuridae),inter-and intraspecific relationships inferred from molecular and morphometric analysis.Molecular Phylogenetics&Evolution,38,755-766.
Zhang QW,Gong YN,Song XJ,Wang XC,Yang CT,Shu ZF,Zou FS(2018)Comparing the effectiveness of camera trapping to traditional methods for biodiversity surveys of forest birds.Biodiversity Science,26,229-237.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张倩雯,龚粤宁,宋相金,王新财,杨昌腾,束祖飞,邹发生(2018)红外相机技术与其他几种森林鸟类多样性调查方法的比较.生物多样性,26,229-237.]
Zheng GM(2017)A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China,3rd edn.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[郑光美(2017)中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第三版).科学出版社,北京.]
Zhou F(1986)On the breeding bird communities of Dinghushan.Tropical and Subtropical Forest Ecosystem,4,79-91.(in Chinese with English abstract)[周放(1986)鼎湖山森林繁殖鸟类群落的研究.热带亚热带森林生态系统研究,4,79-91.]
Zhu SY,Duan F,Li S(2017)Promoting diversity inventory and monitoring of birds through the camera-trapping network in China:Status,challenges and future outlook.Biodiversity Science,25,1114-1122.(in Chinese with English abstract)[朱淑怡,段菲,李晟(2017)基于红外相机网络促进我国鸟类多样性监测:现状、问题与前景.生物多样性,25,1114-1122.]
Zou FS,Chen GZ,Yang QF,Li YD(2012)Bird species richness along an elevational gradient in forest at Jianfengling,Hainan Island,China.Zoological Studies,51,362-371.
(1)云南省林业调查规划院(2017)巍山青华绿孔雀省级自然保护区总体规划(2017–2026).
Fang YH,Ren GP,Gao Y,Zhang SX,Wang HH,Li YP,Huang ZP,Cui LW,Xiao W(2018)Impact of ground and canopy camera-trapping installation on wildlife monitoring.Biodiversity Science,26,717-726.(in Chinese with English abstract)[房以好,任国鹏,高颖,张淑霞,王浩瀚,李延鹏,黄志旁,崔亮伟,肖文(2018)红外相机安放于地面和林冠层对野生动物监测结果的影响.生物多样性,26,717-726.]
Hua R,Cui DY,Liu J,Zhang J,Huang S,Guo G,Luo AD(2018)The status and distribution of green peafowl(Pavo muticus imperator)in China.Chinese Journal of Wildlife,39,681-684.(in Chinese with English abstract)[滑荣,崔多英,刘佳,张敬,黄松,郭光,罗爱东(2018)中国绿孔雀种群现状调查.野生动物学报,39,681-684.]
Jiang ZG,Jiang JP,Wang YZ,Zhang E,Zhang YY,Li LL,Xie F,Cai B,Cao L,Zheng GM,Dong L,Zhang ZW,Ding P,Luo ZH,Ding CQ,Ma ZJ,Tang SH,Cao WX,Li CW,Hu HJ,Ma Y,Wu Y,Wang YX,Zhou KY,Liu SY,Chen YY,Li JT,Feng ZJ,Wang Y,Wang B,Li C,Song XL,Cai L,Zang CX,Zeng Y,Meng ZB,Fang HX,Ping XG(2016)Red List of China’s Vertebrates.Biodiversity Science,24,500-551.(in Chinese and in English)[蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,张鹗,张雁云,李立立,谢锋,蔡波,曹亮,郑光美,董路,张正旺,丁平,罗振华,丁长青,马志军,汤宋华,曹文宣,李春旺,胡慧建,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,周开亚,刘少英,陈跃英,李家堂,冯祚建,王燕,王斌,李成,宋雪琳,蔡蕾,臧春鑫,曾岩,孟智斌,方红霞,平晓鸽(2016)中国脊椎动物红色名录.生物多样性,24,500-551.]
Jiang ZG,Ma Y,Wu Y,Wang YX,Feng ZJ,Zhou KY,Liu SY,Luo ZH,Li CW(2015)China’s mammalian diversity.Biodiversity Science,23,351-364.(in Chinese with English abstract)[蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,冯祚建,周开亚,刘少英,罗振华,李春旺(2015)中国哺乳动物多样性.生物多样性,23,351-364.]
Kong DJ,Wu F,Shan PF,Gao JY,Luo WX,Yang XJ(2018)Status and distribution changes of the endangered green peafowl(Pavo muticus)in China over the past three decades(1990s-2017).Avian Research,9,18.
Li S,Wang DJ,Xiao ZS,Li XH,Wang TM,Feng LM,Wang Y(2014)Camera-trapping in wildlife research and conservation in China:Review and outlook.Biodiversity Science,22,685-695.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李晟,王大军,肖治术,李欣海,王天明,冯利民,王云(2014)红外相机技术在我国野生动物研究与保护中的应用与前景.生物多样性,22,685-695.]
Li S,Yu FH,LüXF(2012)Cranial morphometric study of four giant flying squirrels(Petaurista)(Rodentia:Sciuridae)from China.Zoological Research,33,119-126.
Li S,Yu FH,Yang QS(2013)Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Petaurista inferred from the cytochrome b gene,with implications for the taxonomic status of P.caniceps,P.sybilla.PLo S ONE,8,e70461.
MacKinnon J,Phillipps K,He FQ(2000)A Field Guide to the Birds of China.Hunan Education Publishing House,Changsha.(in Chinese)[约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇(2000)中国鸟类野外手册.湖南教育出版社,长沙.]
O’Brien TG,Kinnaird MF,Wibisono HT(2003)Crouching tigers,hidden prey:Sumatran and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape.Animal Conservation,6,131-139.
Smith AT,Xie Y(2009)A Guide to the Mammals of China.Hunan Education Publishing House,Changsha.(in Chinese)[Smith AT,解焱(2009)中国兽类野外手册.湖南教育出版社,长沙.]
Wang QY,He YC,Zhang MX,Song JP,Tao YX,Zhang ZY,Yan ZJ,Yang HP(2018)Application of infrared cameras for wildlife surveys in the Bulong Nature Reserve,Xishuangbanna Prefecture,Yunnan Province.Acta Theriologica Sinica,38,513-518.(in Chinese with English abstract)[王巧燕,何有才,张明霞,宋军平,陶永祥,张忠员,岩章尖,杨鸿培(2018)利用红外相机技术调查云南布龙州级自然保护区野生动物.兽类学报,38,513-518.]
Wen XJ,Yang XJ,Han LX,Yang L,Wang WM(1995)Investigations on the current status of the distribution of green peafowl in China.Chinese Biodiversity,3,46-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)[文贤继,杨晓君,韩联宪,杨岚,王为民(1995)绿孔雀在中国的分布现状调查.生物多样性,3,46-51.]
Xiao ZS,Li XH,Wang XZ,Zhou QH,Quan RC,Shen XL,Li S(2014)Developing camera-trapping protocols for wildlife monitoring in Chinese forests.Biodiversity Science,22,704-711.(in Chinese with English abstract)[肖治术,李欣海,王学志,周岐海,权锐昌,申小莉,李晟(2014)探讨我国森林野生动物红外相机监测规范.生物多样性,22,704-711.]
Xie WH,Yang XF,Li JN,Tao SL,Xiao ZS(2014)A preliminary study of the biodiversity of ground-dwelling small mammals in Badagongshan National Nature Reserve,Hunan Province.Biodiversity Science,22,216-222.(in Chinese with English abstract)[谢文华,杨锡福,李俊年,陶双伦,肖治术(2014)八大公山自然保护区地栖性小兽多样性初步研究.生物多样性,22,216-222.]
Yu F,Pang J,Kilpatrick CW,Mcguire PM,Wang Y,Lu S(2006)Phylogeny and biogeography of the Petaurista philippensis complex(Rodentia:Sciuridae),inter-and intraspecific relationships inferred from molecular and morphometric analysis.Molecular Phylogenetics&Evolution,38,755-766.
Zhang QW,Gong YN,Song XJ,Wang XC,Yang CT,Shu ZF,Zou FS(2018)Comparing the effectiveness of camera trapping to traditional methods for biodiversity surveys of forest birds.Biodiversity Science,26,229-237.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张倩雯,龚粤宁,宋相金,王新财,杨昌腾,束祖飞,邹发生(2018)红外相机技术与其他几种森林鸟类多样性调查方法的比较.生物多样性,26,229-237.]
Zheng GM(2017)A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China,3rd edn.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[郑光美(2017)中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第三版).科学出版社,北京.]
Zhou F(1986)On the breeding bird communities of Dinghushan.Tropical and Subtropical Forest Ecosystem,4,79-91.(in Chinese with English abstract)[周放(1986)鼎湖山森林繁殖鸟类群落的研究.热带亚热带森林生态系统研究,4,79-91.]
Zhu SY,Duan F,Li S(2017)Promoting diversity inventory and monitoring of birds through the camera-trapping network in China:Status,challenges and future outlook.Biodiversity Science,25,1114-1122.(in Chinese with English abstract)[朱淑怡,段菲,李晟(2017)基于红外相机网络促进我国鸟类多样性监测:现状、问题与前景.生物多样性,25,1114-1122.]
Zou FS,Chen GZ,Yang QF,Li YD(2012)Bird species richness along an elevational gradient in forest at Jianfengling,Hainan Island,China.Zoological Studies,51,362-371.
(1)云南省林业调查规划院(2017)巍山青华绿孔雀省级自然保护区总体规划(2017–2026).
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