塔里木盆地克拉苏盐下深层大气田的发现
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摘要
克拉苏构造带位于库车坳陷北部,其盐下深层大气田为超深高压裂缝性低孔高产砂岩气田,目前已发现油气藏22个,是塔里木盆地天然气的主力产区。1998年发现克拉2气田后,虽坚持勘探,却未再获得重大发现。2006年以来,加强对克拉苏构造带深层的研究,2008年8月,位于克深区带克深2构造的克深2井在白垩系巴什基奇克组获得日产40×104m3高产工业气流,取得了重大勘探突破。此后,经过近10年的研究,在前陆盆地勘探技术、油气地质理论和生产实践3个方面实现了技术突破,指导了克拉苏盐下深层大气田的发现,并围绕复杂山地圈闭落实、储集层形成机理、成藏等地质问题及快速钻进、储集层改造等制约勘探效率的工程技术进行研究,有效支撑了克拉苏盐下深层大气田的高效勘探开发。
Kelasu tectonic belt is located in the northern Kuqa depression and the discovered subsalt large-deep gas field in the tectonic belt belongs to ultra-deep high-pressure gas fields with low-porosity high-yield fractured sandstones. Up to now 22 oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in the gas field, which are the major production areas for natural gas in Tarim basin. There was no significant breakthrough after the discovery of Kela 2 gas field in 1998. Since 2006, the research of the deep zones in Kelasu tectonic belt has been strengthened, and in Aug., 2008 commercial gas flows were gained from the Cretaceous Bashijiqike formation in the Well Keshen-2 which is located in the Keshen-2 structure of Keshen area and the daily gas production was 40×10~4m~3, marking a great breakthrough has been gained.Then over 10 years of study, technological breakthroughs have been made on foreland basin exploration technology, petroleum geological theory and production practice, which provides guidance for the discovery of the Kelasu subsalt deep large gas field. The researches on trap identification in complex mountain areas, reservoir forming mechanism and hydrocarbon accumulation, speedy drilling and reservoir reformation effectively support the efficient exploration and development of the Kelasu subsalt deep large gas field.
Kelasu tectonic belt is located in the northern Kuqa depression and the discovered subsalt large-deep gas field in the tectonic belt belongs to ultra-deep high-pressure gas fields with low-porosity high-yield fractured sandstones. Up to now 22 oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in the gas field, which are the major production areas for natural gas in Tarim basin. There was no significant breakthrough after the discovery of Kela 2 gas field in 1998. Since 2006, the research of the deep zones in Kelasu tectonic belt has been strengthened, and in Aug., 2008 commercial gas flows were gained from the Cretaceous Bashijiqike formation in the Well Keshen-2 which is located in the Keshen-2 structure of Keshen area and the daily gas production was 40×10~4m~3, marking a great breakthrough has been gained.Then over 10 years of study, technological breakthroughs have been made on foreland basin exploration technology, petroleum geological theory and production practice, which provides guidance for the discovery of the Kelasu subsalt deep large gas field. The researches on trap identification in complex mountain areas, reservoir forming mechanism and hydrocarbon accumulation, speedy drilling and reservoir reformation effectively support the efficient exploration and development of the Kelasu subsalt deep large gas field.
引文
[1]杜金虎,邹才能,徐春春,等.川中古隆起龙王庙组特大型气田战略发现与理论技术创新[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):268-277.DU Jinhu,ZOU Caineng,XU Chunchun,et al. Theoretical and technical innovations in strategic discovery of a giant gas field in Cambrian Longwangmiao formation of central Sichuan paleo-uplift,Sichuan basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):268-277.
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[4]能源,谢会文,孙太荣,等.克拉苏构造带克深段构造特征及其石油地质意义[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):1-6.NENG Yuan,XIE Huiwen,SUN Tairong,et al. Structural characteristics of Keshen segmentation in Kelasu structural belt and its petroleum geological significance[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(2):1-6.
[5]徐振平,李勇,马玉杰,等.库车坳陷中部新生代构造形成机制与演化[J].新疆地质,2011,29(1):37-42.XU Zhenping,LI Yong,MA Yujie,et al. The Cenozoic structure formation mechanism and evolution of Mid-Kuche depression[J]. Xinjiang Geology,2011,29(1):37-42.
[6]刘芬,朱筱敏,潘荣,等.低渗透储层形成及库车坳陷实例分析[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(3):28-37.LIU Fen,ZHU Xiaomin,PAN Rong,et al. Formation of low permeability reservoir and typical case analysis in Kuqa depression[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(3):28-37.
[7]张惠良,张荣虎,杨海军,等.超深层裂缝-孔隙型致密砂岩储集层表征与评价——以库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带白垩系巴什基奇克组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):158-167.ZHANG Huiliang,ZHANG Ronghu,YANG Haijun,et al. Characterization and evalution of ultra-deep fracture-pore tight sandstone reservoirs:a case study of Cretaceous Bashijiqike formation in Kelasu tectonic zone in Kuqa foreland basin,Tarim,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):158-167.
[8]孙宁富,郭凤霞.大北—克拉苏构造带盐下天然气识别[J].复杂油气藏,2014,7(3):20-23.SUN Ningfu,GUO Fengxia. Natural gas identification under evaporate bed of Dabei-Kelasu tectonic belt[J]. Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2014,7(3):20-23.
[9]张荣虎,杨海军,王俊鹏,等.库车坳陷超深层低孔致密砂岩储层形成机制与油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2014,35(6):1 057-1 069.ZHANG Ronghu,YANG Haijun,WANG Junpeng,et al. The formation mechanism and exploration significance of ultra-deep,low-porosity and tight sandstone reservoirs in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(6):1 057-1 069.
[10]王招明.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏盐下深层大气田形成机制与富集规律[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(2):153-166.WANG Zhaoming. Formation mechanism and enrichment regularities of Kelasu subsalt deep large gas field in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(2):153-166.
[11]韩登林,李忠,韩银学,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带白垩系砂岩埋藏成岩环境的封闭性及其胶结作用分异特征[J].岩石学报,2009,25(10):2 351-2 362.HAN Denglin,LI Zhong,HAN Yinxue,et al. Sealing feature of burial diagenesis environment and its controls on differentiation of cementation in Cretaceous sandstone reservoir in Kelasu structure zone,Kuqa depression[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2009,25(10):2 351-2 362.
[12]朱光有,张水昌,陈玲,等.天然气充注成藏与深部砂岩储集层的形成——以塔里木盆地库车坳陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):347-357.ZHU Guangyou,ZHANG Shuichang,CHEN Ling,et al. Coupling relationship between natural gas charging and deep sandstone reservoir formation:a case from the Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(3):347-357.
[13]巩磊,曾联波,杜宜静,等.构造成岩作用对裂缝有效性的影响——以库车前陆盆地白垩系致密砂岩储层为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(3):514-519.GONG Lei,ZENG Lianbo,DU Yijing,et al. Influenes of structural diagenesis on fracture effectiveness:a case study of the Cretaceous tight sandstone reservoirs of Kuqa foreland basin[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(3):514-519.
[14]周鹏,尹宏伟,周露,等.断背斜应变中和面张性段储层主控因素及预测方法——以克拉苏冲断带为例[J].大地构造与成矿学,2018,42(1):50-59.ZHOU Peng,YIN Hongwei,ZHOU Lu,et al. Reservoir controlling factor and forecast of tensional zone in geostrain neutral plane of faulted anticline:example from Kelasu fold-thrust belt[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2018,42(1):50-59.
[15]潘荣,朱筱敏,刘芬,等.克拉苏冲断带白垩系储层成岩作用及其对储层质量的影响[J].沉积学报,2014,32(5):973-980.PAN Rong,ZHU Xiaomin,LIU Fen,et al. Cretaceous diagenesis and its control on reservoir in Kelasu structure zone,Kuqa depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(5):973-980.
[16]周鹏,唐雁刚,尹宏伟,等.塔里木盆地克拉苏构造带克深2气藏储层裂缝带发育特征及与产量关系[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(1):135-145.ZHOU Peng,TANG Yan’gang,YIN Hongwei,et al. Relationship between characteristics of fracture belt and production of Keshen 2gas reservoir in Kelasu tectonic zone,Tarim basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(1):135-145.
[17]李玲,唐洪明,王茜,等.克拉苏冲断带克深区带白垩系超深储集层成岩演化[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(1):7-14.LI Ling,TANG Hongming,WANG Xi,et al. Diagenetic evolution of Cretaceous ultra-deep reservoir in Keshen belt,Kelasu thrust belt,Kuqa depression[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(1):7-14.
[2]杜金虎,胡素云,张义杰,等.从典型实例感悟油气勘探[J].石油学报,2013,34(5):809-819.DU Jinhu,HU Suyun,ZHANG Yijie,et al. Implications from typical petroleum exploration cases[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(5):809-819.
[3]漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的结构模型及其形成机制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2008,33(1):49-56.QI Jiafu,LEI Ganglin,LI Minggang,et al. Analysis of structure model and formation mechanism of Kelasu structure zone,Kuqa depression[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2008,33(1):49-56.
[4]能源,谢会文,孙太荣,等.克拉苏构造带克深段构造特征及其石油地质意义[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):1-6.NENG Yuan,XIE Huiwen,SUN Tairong,et al. Structural characteristics of Keshen segmentation in Kelasu structural belt and its petroleum geological significance[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(2):1-6.
[5]徐振平,李勇,马玉杰,等.库车坳陷中部新生代构造形成机制与演化[J].新疆地质,2011,29(1):37-42.XU Zhenping,LI Yong,MA Yujie,et al. The Cenozoic structure formation mechanism and evolution of Mid-Kuche depression[J]. Xinjiang Geology,2011,29(1):37-42.
[6]刘芬,朱筱敏,潘荣,等.低渗透储层形成及库车坳陷实例分析[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(3):28-37.LIU Fen,ZHU Xiaomin,PAN Rong,et al. Formation of low permeability reservoir and typical case analysis in Kuqa depression[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(3):28-37.
[7]张惠良,张荣虎,杨海军,等.超深层裂缝-孔隙型致密砂岩储集层表征与评价——以库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带白垩系巴什基奇克组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):158-167.ZHANG Huiliang,ZHANG Ronghu,YANG Haijun,et al. Characterization and evalution of ultra-deep fracture-pore tight sandstone reservoirs:a case study of Cretaceous Bashijiqike formation in Kelasu tectonic zone in Kuqa foreland basin,Tarim,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):158-167.
[8]孙宁富,郭凤霞.大北—克拉苏构造带盐下天然气识别[J].复杂油气藏,2014,7(3):20-23.SUN Ningfu,GUO Fengxia. Natural gas identification under evaporate bed of Dabei-Kelasu tectonic belt[J]. Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2014,7(3):20-23.
[9]张荣虎,杨海军,王俊鹏,等.库车坳陷超深层低孔致密砂岩储层形成机制与油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2014,35(6):1 057-1 069.ZHANG Ronghu,YANG Haijun,WANG Junpeng,et al. The formation mechanism and exploration significance of ultra-deep,low-porosity and tight sandstone reservoirs in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(6):1 057-1 069.
[10]王招明.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏盐下深层大气田形成机制与富集规律[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(2):153-166.WANG Zhaoming. Formation mechanism and enrichment regularities of Kelasu subsalt deep large gas field in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(2):153-166.
[11]韩登林,李忠,韩银学,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带白垩系砂岩埋藏成岩环境的封闭性及其胶结作用分异特征[J].岩石学报,2009,25(10):2 351-2 362.HAN Denglin,LI Zhong,HAN Yinxue,et al. Sealing feature of burial diagenesis environment and its controls on differentiation of cementation in Cretaceous sandstone reservoir in Kelasu structure zone,Kuqa depression[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2009,25(10):2 351-2 362.
[12]朱光有,张水昌,陈玲,等.天然气充注成藏与深部砂岩储集层的形成——以塔里木盆地库车坳陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):347-357.ZHU Guangyou,ZHANG Shuichang,CHEN Ling,et al. Coupling relationship between natural gas charging and deep sandstone reservoir formation:a case from the Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(3):347-357.
[13]巩磊,曾联波,杜宜静,等.构造成岩作用对裂缝有效性的影响——以库车前陆盆地白垩系致密砂岩储层为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(3):514-519.GONG Lei,ZENG Lianbo,DU Yijing,et al. Influenes of structural diagenesis on fracture effectiveness:a case study of the Cretaceous tight sandstone reservoirs of Kuqa foreland basin[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(3):514-519.
[14]周鹏,尹宏伟,周露,等.断背斜应变中和面张性段储层主控因素及预测方法——以克拉苏冲断带为例[J].大地构造与成矿学,2018,42(1):50-59.ZHOU Peng,YIN Hongwei,ZHOU Lu,et al. Reservoir controlling factor and forecast of tensional zone in geostrain neutral plane of faulted anticline:example from Kelasu fold-thrust belt[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2018,42(1):50-59.
[15]潘荣,朱筱敏,刘芬,等.克拉苏冲断带白垩系储层成岩作用及其对储层质量的影响[J].沉积学报,2014,32(5):973-980.PAN Rong,ZHU Xiaomin,LIU Fen,et al. Cretaceous diagenesis and its control on reservoir in Kelasu structure zone,Kuqa depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(5):973-980.
[16]周鹏,唐雁刚,尹宏伟,等.塔里木盆地克拉苏构造带克深2气藏储层裂缝带发育特征及与产量关系[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(1):135-145.ZHOU Peng,TANG Yan’gang,YIN Hongwei,et al. Relationship between characteristics of fracture belt and production of Keshen 2gas reservoir in Kelasu tectonic zone,Tarim basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(1):135-145.
[17]李玲,唐洪明,王茜,等.克拉苏冲断带克深区带白垩系超深储集层成岩演化[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(1):7-14.LI Ling,TANG Hongming,WANG Xi,et al. Diagenetic evolution of Cretaceous ultra-deep reservoir in Keshen belt,Kelasu thrust belt,Kuqa depression[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(1):7-14.
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