哈图金矿深部构造—地球化学特征及隐伏矿体预测
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摘要
对哈图金矿区地表及深处矿体和围岩系统进行取样,通过石英包裹体和氧同位素研究,认为该矿是造山型中—低温混合热液金矿床。含矿断裂产状统计结果显示:浅部含矿构造产状变化范围较大,数量波动明显,岩石以脆性变形为主,在扭应力作用下,形成较多的张裂隙,呈尖灭再现的雁列式分布;深部断裂数量显著减少,产状变化范围缩窄,由于岩石围压增大,脆性变形向塑性转变,张裂隙不发育,石英脉型矿石变成石英细脉+蚀变岩型或蚀变岩型。分析成矿成晕指示元素Hg、Au、Ni、Pb、As、Sb、Cu、W、Zn、Ag、Mo、Bi含量的空间变化发现,地球化学原生晕受含矿构造尖灭再现的影响,存在前缘晕和尾晕的叠加结构,并且已知矿脉群的下部以尾晕元素组合为主,虽有前缘晕元素Sb与As的异常,但规模和强度较小。结合含矿断裂数量和规模向下衰减的特点,推测深部可能仍有隐伏矿体,但规模不大。
Based on the sampling of ore bodies and surrounding rock systems at the surface and deep of the Hatu gold mine,and the study of quartz inclusions and oxygen isotopes,it is believed that the Hatu gold mine is an orogenic type medium-low temperature mixed hydrothermal gold deposit. The statistical results of ore-bearing fractures show that the occurrence and the quantity fluctuation of shallow orebearing structures vary widely. The rocks are mainly brittle deformed,and under the action of torsional stress,more tensile fractures are formed,which are distributed in an anechelon pattern. The number of deep faults decreases significantly,and the range of occurrence change narrows. Due to the increase ofrock confining pressure,brittle deformation turns to plastic transformation,tensile fractures doesn 't develop,and quartz vein-type ores become quartz fine vein + altered rock type or altered rock type.Through analyzing the spatial changes of the contents of Hg,Au,Ni,Pb,As,Sb,Cu,W,Zn,Ag,Mo and Bi in metallogenic halo,it is found that the geochemical primary halo is affected by the sharp extinction of the ore-bearing structure,and there is the superposition structure of the front and tail halo. In addition,it is known that the lower part of the vein group is mainly a combination of tail halo elements.Although there are anomalies of the front halo elements Sb and As,the scale and intensity are small.Combined with the characteristics of the downward attenuation of the number and scale of ore-bearing faults,it is believed that the deep part may still have hidden ore bodies,but the scale is not large.
Based on the sampling of ore bodies and surrounding rock systems at the surface and deep of the Hatu gold mine,and the study of quartz inclusions and oxygen isotopes,it is believed that the Hatu gold mine is an orogenic type medium-low temperature mixed hydrothermal gold deposit. The statistical results of ore-bearing fractures show that the occurrence and the quantity fluctuation of shallow orebearing structures vary widely. The rocks are mainly brittle deformed,and under the action of torsional stress,more tensile fractures are formed,which are distributed in an anechelon pattern. The number of deep faults decreases significantly,and the range of occurrence change narrows. Due to the increase ofrock confining pressure,brittle deformation turns to plastic transformation,tensile fractures doesn 't develop,and quartz vein-type ores become quartz fine vein + altered rock type or altered rock type.Through analyzing the spatial changes of the contents of Hg,Au,Ni,Pb,As,Sb,Cu,W,Zn,Ag,Mo and Bi in metallogenic halo,it is found that the geochemical primary halo is affected by the sharp extinction of the ore-bearing structure,and there is the superposition structure of the front and tail halo. In addition,it is known that the lower part of the vein group is mainly a combination of tail halo elements.Although there are anomalies of the front halo elements Sb and As,the scale and intensity are small.Combined with the characteristics of the downward attenuation of the number and scale of ore-bearing faults,it is believed that the deep part may still have hidden ore bodies,but the scale is not large.
引文
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[14]荆福建.新疆托里齐求Ι号金矿控矿构造研究[J].火山地质与矿产,2000,21(1):56~60.JING Fujian. Ore-field tectonics of Qiqiu-1 gold deposit in Tuoli,Xinjiang[J]. Volcanology&Mineral Resources,2000,21(1):56~60.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]林彩香.新疆哈图金矿齐Ⅱ矿区控矿构造及矿床成因浅析[J].新疆有色金属,2015,38(2):29~33.LIN Caixiang. Preliminary analysis of ore-controlling structure and genesis of ore deposit in Qi II mining area of Hatu gold deposit in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Nonferrous Metals,2015,38(2):29~33.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]纪广俭,张永霖,纪燕祥,等.哈图金矿带总体构造特征新见解及找矿意义[J].黄金科学技术,2016,24(2):29~36.JI Guangjian,ZHANG Yonglin,JI Yanxiang,et al. The new insights and prospecting significance of overall structural features of Hatu gold belt[J]. Gold Science and Technology,2016,24(2):29~36.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]李忠权,刘顺.构造地质学[M]. 3版.北京:地质出版社,2010,6. LI Zhongquan,LIU Shun. Tectonic geology[M].3rd ed. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2010,6.(in Chinese)
[18]李四光.地质力学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.LI Siguang. An introduction to geomechanics[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1973.(in Chinese)
[19]罗先熔,文美兰,欧阳菲,等.勘查地球化学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2007,218. LUO Xianrong,WEN Meilan,Ouyang Fei,et al. Exploration Geochemistry[M]. Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2007,218.(in Chinese)
[20]李惠,张文华,刘宝林,等.中国主要类型金矿床的原生晕轴向分带序列研究及其应用准则[J].地质与勘探,1999,35(1):32~35.LI Hui,ZHANG Wenhua,LIU Baolin,et al. The study on axial zonality sequence of primary halo and some criteria for the application of this sequence for major types of gold deposits in China[J]. Geology and Prospecting,1999,35(1):32~35.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]唐俊智,王学乾,王志平,等.山东牟平金牛山金矿床的构造叠加晕研究及深部预测[J].黄金科学技术,2007,15(4):3~8.TANG Junzhi,WANG Xueqian,WANG Zhiping,et al. The structural superimposed Halos's study and deep Predicition of Jinniu mountain gold deposit Muping-Shandong[J]. Gold Science and Technology,2007,15(4):3~8.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]孙华山,孙林,曹新志,等.胶西北上庄金矿床原生晕轴(垂)向分带特征及深部矿体预测的勘查地球化学标志[J].矿床地质,2008,27(1):64~70.SUN Huashan,SUN Lin,CAO Xinzhi,et al. Axial/vertical zoning characteristics of primary halos and geochemical exploration indicators for deep ore body prognosis in Shangzhuang gold deposit, northwest Jiaodong peninsula,Shandong Province[J]. Mineral Deposits,2008,27(1):64~70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] Groves D I,Goldfarb R J,Gebre-Mariam M,et al. Orogenic gold deposits:a proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types[J]. Ore Geology Reviews,1998,13(1~5):7~27.
[3] Oreskes N,Einaudi M T. Origin of rare earth element-enriched hematite breccias at the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit,Roxby Downs,South Australia[J]. Economic Geology,1990,85(1):1~28.
[4]陈衍景.造山型矿床、成矿模式及找矿潜力[J].中国地质,2006,33(6):1181~1196.CHEN Yanjing. Orogenic-type deposits and their metallogenic model and exploration potential[J]. Geology in China,2006,33(6):1181~1196.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]地里夏提·买买提,王俊林,王勇,等.新疆哈图金矿原生晕特征及深部预测[J].有色金属工程,2018,8(6):98~102.DILIXIATI·MAIMAITI,WANG Junlin,WANG Yong,et al.Primary Halo Characteristics and Deep Prediction of Hatu Gold Mine in Xinjian[J]. Nonferrous Metals Engineering,2018,8(6):98~102.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]范宏瑞,金成伟,沈远超.新疆哈图金矿成矿流体地球化学[J].矿床地质,1998,17(2):135~149.FAN Hongrui,JIN Chengwei,SHEN Yuanchao. Ore-forming fluid geochemistry of the Hatu gold deposit in Xinjiang northwest China[J]. Mineral Deposits,1998,17(2):135~149.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]王莉娟,王玉往.新疆准噶尔盆地哈图金矿成矿流体的某些物理化学特征及与成矿关系[J].地质与勘探,2005,41(6):21~26.WANG Lijuan,WANG Yuwang. Geochemistry of ore-forming fluid and metallogenesis prognosis of Hatu gold deposits in Jungar basin,Xinjiang,China[J]. Geology and Prospecting,2005,41(6):21~26.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]王莉娟,朱和平.新疆准噶尔盆地西缘哈图金矿成矿流体[J].中国地质,2006,33(3):666~671.WANG Lijuan,ZHU Heping. Ore-forming fluid of the Hatu gold deposit on the western margin of the Junggar basin,Xinjiang[J]. Geology in China,2006,33(3):666~671.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]安芳,朱永峰.新疆哈图金矿蚀变岩型矿体地质和地球化学研究[J].矿床地质,2007,26(6):621~633.AN Fang,ZHU Yongfeng. Studies on geology and geochemistry of alteration-type ore in Hatu gold deposit(western Junggar),Xinjiang,NW China[J]. Mineral Deposits,2007,26(6):621~633.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]朱永峰,安芳,徐存元,等.新疆哈图及其周边金铜成矿规律和深部找矿预测[M].北京:地质出版社,2013,61~66.ZHU Yongfeng,AN Fang,XU Cunyuan,et al. Metallogenic regularity and deep prospecting prediction of gold and copper in Hatu and its surrounding areas, Xinjiang[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2013,61~66.(in Chinese)
[11]肖飞,徐存元,张凤军,等.西准噶尔哈图金矿床勘查新成果[J].新疆地质,2010,28(4):409~412.XIAO Fei, XU Cunyan, ZHANG Fengjun, et al. Major breakthrough in the Hatu gold deposit, Western Junggar,Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Geology,2010,28(4):409~412.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]苗锡仲.新疆××金矿的地质特征成矿规律和找矿方向[J].新疆大学学报(自然科学版),1984,(3):45~71,148.MIAO Xizhong. Geological characteristics,metallogenic rules and ore-prospecting direction of Xinjiang xxx gold deposit[J].Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition),1984,(3):45~71,148.(in Chinese)
[13]邱添,肖飞,张凤军,等.哈图金矿蚀变岩型矿体特征及金赋存状态研究[J].新疆地质,2011,29(2):155~161.QIU Tian, XIAO Fei, ZHANG Fenjun, et al. Ore characteristics and occurrence of gold minerals in Hatu gold deposit,North Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Geology, 2011, 29(2):155~161.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]荆福建.新疆托里齐求Ι号金矿控矿构造研究[J].火山地质与矿产,2000,21(1):56~60.JING Fujian. Ore-field tectonics of Qiqiu-1 gold deposit in Tuoli,Xinjiang[J]. Volcanology&Mineral Resources,2000,21(1):56~60.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]林彩香.新疆哈图金矿齐Ⅱ矿区控矿构造及矿床成因浅析[J].新疆有色金属,2015,38(2):29~33.LIN Caixiang. Preliminary analysis of ore-controlling structure and genesis of ore deposit in Qi II mining area of Hatu gold deposit in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Nonferrous Metals,2015,38(2):29~33.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]纪广俭,张永霖,纪燕祥,等.哈图金矿带总体构造特征新见解及找矿意义[J].黄金科学技术,2016,24(2):29~36.JI Guangjian,ZHANG Yonglin,JI Yanxiang,et al. The new insights and prospecting significance of overall structural features of Hatu gold belt[J]. Gold Science and Technology,2016,24(2):29~36.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]李忠权,刘顺.构造地质学[M]. 3版.北京:地质出版社,2010,6. LI Zhongquan,LIU Shun. Tectonic geology[M].3rd ed. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2010,6.(in Chinese)
[18]李四光.地质力学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.LI Siguang. An introduction to geomechanics[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1973.(in Chinese)
[19]罗先熔,文美兰,欧阳菲,等.勘查地球化学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2007,218. LUO Xianrong,WEN Meilan,Ouyang Fei,et al. Exploration Geochemistry[M]. Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2007,218.(in Chinese)
[20]李惠,张文华,刘宝林,等.中国主要类型金矿床的原生晕轴向分带序列研究及其应用准则[J].地质与勘探,1999,35(1):32~35.LI Hui,ZHANG Wenhua,LIU Baolin,et al. The study on axial zonality sequence of primary halo and some criteria for the application of this sequence for major types of gold deposits in China[J]. Geology and Prospecting,1999,35(1):32~35.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]唐俊智,王学乾,王志平,等.山东牟平金牛山金矿床的构造叠加晕研究及深部预测[J].黄金科学技术,2007,15(4):3~8.TANG Junzhi,WANG Xueqian,WANG Zhiping,et al. The structural superimposed Halos's study and deep Predicition of Jinniu mountain gold deposit Muping-Shandong[J]. Gold Science and Technology,2007,15(4):3~8.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]孙华山,孙林,曹新志,等.胶西北上庄金矿床原生晕轴(垂)向分带特征及深部矿体预测的勘查地球化学标志[J].矿床地质,2008,27(1):64~70.SUN Huashan,SUN Lin,CAO Xinzhi,et al. Axial/vertical zoning characteristics of primary halos and geochemical exploration indicators for deep ore body prognosis in Shangzhuang gold deposit, northwest Jiaodong peninsula,Shandong Province[J]. Mineral Deposits,2008,27(1):64~70.(in Chinese with English abstract)