基于沉积实验的重力流沉积体系砂体分布特征分析
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摘要
重力流沉积体系砂体展布规律极为复杂,通过重力流流体实验,确定了重力流沉积不同岩相的成因及展布规律,并在此基础上,通过岩芯观察及测井、录井资料分析,在滨南油田古近纪沙三下亚段进行重力流砂体展布规律研究,研究结果表明:1)塑性流体在运动过程中被稀释,导致颗粒支撑机制发生复杂的变化,从而出现多种流态的流体,因此塑性流体被稀释到一定程度后会转换为液态流体; 2)重力流沉积层序的垂向演化及横向变化是流体性质演化的结果,即地质记录中的复杂重力流层序为流体性质转换后再沉积的结果; 3)重力流垂向层序与沉积模式的有机结合是进行砂体展布预测的关键。在该模式的指导下,明确了滨南油田沙三下亚段岩相的空间展布和变化规律。
The distribution law of sand bodies in gravity flow sedimentary systems is very complex. By gravity flow fluid experiments,the cause of formation and the distribution law of different lithofacies have been determined. On this basis,through core observation,logging,and logging data analysis in Binnan oilfield sand,three subsections of gravity flow sand-body distribution rules were identified. The results show that: 1) Plastic fluid dilution and the particle support mechanism show complex changes in the process of movement,leading to a variety of fluid flows in which plastic fluid diluted to a certain extent will be converted into liquid; 2) The vertical evolution and lateral variation of the sequence of gravity flow deposits are the result of fluid property evolution,or in other words,the complex gravity flow sequence observed in geological records is the result of fluid property transformation; 3) The organic combination of gravity flow vertical sequence and a sedimentary model is the key to predicting sand distribution. Under the guidance of the model constructed in this research,the distribution of lithofacies was confirmed in in Binnan oilfield.
The distribution law of sand bodies in gravity flow sedimentary systems is very complex. By gravity flow fluid experiments,the cause of formation and the distribution law of different lithofacies have been determined. On this basis,through core observation,logging,and logging data analysis in Binnan oilfield sand,three subsections of gravity flow sand-body distribution rules were identified. The results show that: 1) Plastic fluid dilution and the particle support mechanism show complex changes in the process of movement,leading to a variety of fluid flows in which plastic fluid diluted to a certain extent will be converted into liquid; 2) The vertical evolution and lateral variation of the sequence of gravity flow deposits are the result of fluid property evolution,or in other words,the complex gravity flow sequence observed in geological records is the result of fluid property transformation; 3) The organic combination of gravity flow vertical sequence and a sedimentary model is the key to predicting sand distribution. Under the guidance of the model constructed in this research,the distribution of lithofacies was confirmed in in Binnan oilfield.
引文
[1] Kuenen P H,Migliorini C I. Turbidity currents as a cause of graded bedding[J]. Journal of Geology,1950,58(2):91-127.
[2] Dott R,Jr. Dynamics of subaqueous gravity depositional processes[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1963,47(1):104-128.
[3] Lowe D R. Sediment gravity flows:their classification and some problems of application to natural flows and deposits[J].SEPM Special Publication,1979,27:75-82.
[4] Ghibaudo G. Subaqueous sediment gravity flow deposits:practical criteria for their field description and classification[J]. Sedimentology,1992,39(3):423-454.
[5]李存磊,任伟伟,唐明明.流体性质转换机制在重力流沉积体系分析中应用初探[J].地质论评,2012,58(2):285-296.[Li Cunlei,Ren Weiwei,Tang Mingming. Preliminary study on gravity flow depositional system based on fluid properties conversion theory[J].Geological Review,2012,58(2):285-296.]
[6] Middleton G V,Hampton M A. Sediment gravity flows:mechanics of flow and deposition[M]//Middletion G V,Hampton M A. Turbidites and deep water sedimentation. Los Angeles:SEPM,1973:1-38.
[7] Postma G. Classification for sediment gravity-flow deposits based on flow conditions during sedimentation[J]. Geology,1986,14(4):291-294.
[8] Felix M,Peakall J. Transformation of debris flows into turbidity currents:mechanisms inferred from laboratory experiments[J]. Sedimentology,2006,53(1):107-123.
[9] Haughton P,Davis C,Mc Caffrey W,et al. Hybrid sediment gravity flow deposits-classification,origin and significance[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(10):1900-1918.
[10] Khripounoff A,Crassous P,Lo Bue N,et al. Different types of sediment gravity flows detected in the Var submarine canyon(northwestern Mediterranean sea)[J]. Progress in Oceanography,2012,106:138-153.
[11] Shanmugam G. 50 years of the turbidite paradigm(1950s-1990s):deep-water processes and facies models-a critical perspective[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17(2):285-342.
[12] Li C L,Chen P P,Liu J M,et al. The coarse-grained lacustrine slope apron deposits in the Moliqing area,Yitong Basin,Northeast China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(5):1809-1820.
[13] Lowe D R. Sediment gravity flows:II depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1982,52(1):279-297.
[14] Mulder T,Alexander J. The physical character of subaqueous sedimentary density flows and their deposits[J]. Sedimentology,2001,48(2):269-299.
[15]王琳娜.滨南地区浊积岩成藏控制因素分析[J].胜利油田职工大学学报,2008,22(3):44-45.[Wang Linna. Analysis on controlling factors of sedimentary reservoir in Binnan area[J]. Journal of Shengli Oilfield Staff University,2008,22(3):44-45.]
[16] Zhang J L,Zhang X. Fan-delta and related turbiditic deposits on the steep slope of Dongying depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Geosciences,2007,18:314-316.
[17] Giresse P,Pauc H,Déverchère J,et al. Sedimentary processes and origin of sediment gravity-flow deposits on the western Algerian margin during late Pleistocene and Holocene[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(5):695-710.
[18] Zou C N,Wang L,Li Y,et al. Deep-lacustrine transformation of sandy debrites into turbidites,Upper Triassic,Central China[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,256-266:143-155.
[19]赖志云,张金亮.中生代断陷湖盆沉积学研究与沉积模拟实验[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1994.[Lai Zhiyun,Zhang Jinliang. Sedimentary facies study and sedimentary simulation experiment of the mesozoic faulted lake basin[M]. Xi’an:Northwestern University Press,1994.]
[20] Rasmussen H. Nearshore and alluvial facies in the Sant Lloren9 del Munt depositional system:recognition and development[J]. Sedimentary Geology,2000,138(1/2/3/4):71-98.
[21]李云,郑荣才,朱金国,等.沉积物重力流研究进展综述[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(2):157-165.[Li Yun,Zheng Rongcai,Zhu Jinguo,et al. Reviews on sediment gravity flow[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(2):157-165.]
[22]石良.滨南油田南部沙三沙四段沉积储层研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.[Shi Liang. Study of sedimentary facies and reservoir type in the Third and Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation in the south of Binnan oil field[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2010.]
[23]陈世悦,鄢继华,袁文芳.滨南、利津地区古近系沉积相演化[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):36-38.[Chen Shiyue,Yan Jihua,Yuan Wenfang. Evolution of sedimentary facies of the Paleogene in Binnan-Lijin areas,Dongying sag[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(3):36-38.]
[24]郑荣才,文华国,韩永林,等.鄂尔多斯盆地白豹地区长6油层组湖底滑塌浊积扇沉积特征及其研究意义[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,33(6):566-575.[Zheng Rongcai,Wen Huaguo,Han Yonglin,et al. Discovery and significance of sublacustrine slump turbidite fans in Chang 6 oil-bearing formation of Baibao region in Ordos Basin,China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2006,33(6):566-575.]
[25]李存磊,张金亮,宋明水,等.基于沉积相反演的砂砾岩体沉积期次精细划分与对比:以东营凹陷盐家地区古近系沙四段上亚段为例[J].地质学报,2011,85(6):1008-1018.[Li Cunlei,Zhang Jinliang,Song Mingshui,et al. Fine division and correlation of glutenite sedimentary periods based on sedimentary facies inversion:A case study from the Paleogene strata of upper Es4 in the Yanjia area,Dongying depression[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(6):1008-1018.]
[26]徐景平.科学与技术并进:近20年来海底峡谷浊流观测的成就和挑战[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(5):552-558.[Xu Jingping. Accomplishments and challenges in measuring turbidity currents in submarine canyons[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2013,28(5):552-558.]
[27]毕义泉.东营凹陷滨县凸起南坡砂砾岩体成因模式与成藏规律[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(4):12-15.[Bi Yiquan. Sandbody formation models and pool-forming regulations in the southern slope of Binxian prominence of Dongying sag[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,2002,26(4):12-15.]
[28]李国斌,姜在兴,杨双,等.利津洼陷沙四上亚段沉积相及演化研究[J].特种油气藏,2008,15(5):35-39.[Li Guobin,Jiang Zaixing,Yang Shuang,et al. Sedimentary facies and evolvement in upper Es4 of Lijin sag[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2008,15(5):35-39.]
[29] Fisher R V. Features of coarse-grained,high-concentration fluids and their deposits[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research,1971,41(4):916-927.
[30]宋明水,向奎,张宇,等.泥质重力流沉积研究进展及其页岩油气地质意义:以东营凹陷古近系沙河街组三段为例[J].沉积学报,2017,35(4):740-751.[Song Mingshui,Xiang Kui,Zhang Yu,et al. Research progresses on muddy gravity flow deposits and their significances on shale oil and gas:A case study from the 3rd oil-member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Dongying sag[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2017,35(4):740-751.]
[31] Shanmugam G. Ten turbidite myths[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,2002,58(3/4):311-341.
[32]林壬子,张金亮.陆相储层沉积学进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:29-47.[Lin Renzi,Zhang Jinliang. Continental reservoir sedimentology progress[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996:29-47.]
[33] Li C L,Chen P P,Zhang J L. Application of imaging logging in reservoir geological research[J]. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2015,12(5):820.
[34] Lowe D R,Guy M. Slurry-flow deposits in the Britannia formation(Lower Cretaceous),North Sea:a new perspective on the turbidity current and debris flow problem[J]. Sedimentology,2000,47(1):31-70.
[35]谈明轩,朱筱敏,耿名扬,等.沉积物重力流流体转化沉积—混合事件层[J].沉积学报,2016,34(6):1108-1119.[Tan Mingxuan,Zhu Xiaomin,Geng Mingyang,et al. The flow transforming deposits of sedimentary gravity flow-hybrid event bed[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2016,34(6):1108-1119.]
[2] Dott R,Jr. Dynamics of subaqueous gravity depositional processes[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1963,47(1):104-128.
[3] Lowe D R. Sediment gravity flows:their classification and some problems of application to natural flows and deposits[J].SEPM Special Publication,1979,27:75-82.
[4] Ghibaudo G. Subaqueous sediment gravity flow deposits:practical criteria for their field description and classification[J]. Sedimentology,1992,39(3):423-454.
[5]李存磊,任伟伟,唐明明.流体性质转换机制在重力流沉积体系分析中应用初探[J].地质论评,2012,58(2):285-296.[Li Cunlei,Ren Weiwei,Tang Mingming. Preliminary study on gravity flow depositional system based on fluid properties conversion theory[J].Geological Review,2012,58(2):285-296.]
[6] Middleton G V,Hampton M A. Sediment gravity flows:mechanics of flow and deposition[M]//Middletion G V,Hampton M A. Turbidites and deep water sedimentation. Los Angeles:SEPM,1973:1-38.
[7] Postma G. Classification for sediment gravity-flow deposits based on flow conditions during sedimentation[J]. Geology,1986,14(4):291-294.
[8] Felix M,Peakall J. Transformation of debris flows into turbidity currents:mechanisms inferred from laboratory experiments[J]. Sedimentology,2006,53(1):107-123.
[9] Haughton P,Davis C,Mc Caffrey W,et al. Hybrid sediment gravity flow deposits-classification,origin and significance[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(10):1900-1918.
[10] Khripounoff A,Crassous P,Lo Bue N,et al. Different types of sediment gravity flows detected in the Var submarine canyon(northwestern Mediterranean sea)[J]. Progress in Oceanography,2012,106:138-153.
[11] Shanmugam G. 50 years of the turbidite paradigm(1950s-1990s):deep-water processes and facies models-a critical perspective[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17(2):285-342.
[12] Li C L,Chen P P,Liu J M,et al. The coarse-grained lacustrine slope apron deposits in the Moliqing area,Yitong Basin,Northeast China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(5):1809-1820.
[13] Lowe D R. Sediment gravity flows:II depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1982,52(1):279-297.
[14] Mulder T,Alexander J. The physical character of subaqueous sedimentary density flows and their deposits[J]. Sedimentology,2001,48(2):269-299.
[15]王琳娜.滨南地区浊积岩成藏控制因素分析[J].胜利油田职工大学学报,2008,22(3):44-45.[Wang Linna. Analysis on controlling factors of sedimentary reservoir in Binnan area[J]. Journal of Shengli Oilfield Staff University,2008,22(3):44-45.]
[16] Zhang J L,Zhang X. Fan-delta and related turbiditic deposits on the steep slope of Dongying depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Geosciences,2007,18:314-316.
[17] Giresse P,Pauc H,Déverchère J,et al. Sedimentary processes and origin of sediment gravity-flow deposits on the western Algerian margin during late Pleistocene and Holocene[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(5):695-710.
[18] Zou C N,Wang L,Li Y,et al. Deep-lacustrine transformation of sandy debrites into turbidites,Upper Triassic,Central China[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,256-266:143-155.
[19]赖志云,张金亮.中生代断陷湖盆沉积学研究与沉积模拟实验[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1994.[Lai Zhiyun,Zhang Jinliang. Sedimentary facies study and sedimentary simulation experiment of the mesozoic faulted lake basin[M]. Xi’an:Northwestern University Press,1994.]
[20] Rasmussen H. Nearshore and alluvial facies in the Sant Lloren9 del Munt depositional system:recognition and development[J]. Sedimentary Geology,2000,138(1/2/3/4):71-98.
[21]李云,郑荣才,朱金国,等.沉积物重力流研究进展综述[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(2):157-165.[Li Yun,Zheng Rongcai,Zhu Jinguo,et al. Reviews on sediment gravity flow[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(2):157-165.]
[22]石良.滨南油田南部沙三沙四段沉积储层研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.[Shi Liang. Study of sedimentary facies and reservoir type in the Third and Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation in the south of Binnan oil field[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2010.]
[23]陈世悦,鄢继华,袁文芳.滨南、利津地区古近系沉积相演化[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):36-38.[Chen Shiyue,Yan Jihua,Yuan Wenfang. Evolution of sedimentary facies of the Paleogene in Binnan-Lijin areas,Dongying sag[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(3):36-38.]
[24]郑荣才,文华国,韩永林,等.鄂尔多斯盆地白豹地区长6油层组湖底滑塌浊积扇沉积特征及其研究意义[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,33(6):566-575.[Zheng Rongcai,Wen Huaguo,Han Yonglin,et al. Discovery and significance of sublacustrine slump turbidite fans in Chang 6 oil-bearing formation of Baibao region in Ordos Basin,China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2006,33(6):566-575.]
[25]李存磊,张金亮,宋明水,等.基于沉积相反演的砂砾岩体沉积期次精细划分与对比:以东营凹陷盐家地区古近系沙四段上亚段为例[J].地质学报,2011,85(6):1008-1018.[Li Cunlei,Zhang Jinliang,Song Mingshui,et al. Fine division and correlation of glutenite sedimentary periods based on sedimentary facies inversion:A case study from the Paleogene strata of upper Es4 in the Yanjia area,Dongying depression[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(6):1008-1018.]
[26]徐景平.科学与技术并进:近20年来海底峡谷浊流观测的成就和挑战[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(5):552-558.[Xu Jingping. Accomplishments and challenges in measuring turbidity currents in submarine canyons[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2013,28(5):552-558.]
[27]毕义泉.东营凹陷滨县凸起南坡砂砾岩体成因模式与成藏规律[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(4):12-15.[Bi Yiquan. Sandbody formation models and pool-forming regulations in the southern slope of Binxian prominence of Dongying sag[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,2002,26(4):12-15.]
[28]李国斌,姜在兴,杨双,等.利津洼陷沙四上亚段沉积相及演化研究[J].特种油气藏,2008,15(5):35-39.[Li Guobin,Jiang Zaixing,Yang Shuang,et al. Sedimentary facies and evolvement in upper Es4 of Lijin sag[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2008,15(5):35-39.]
[29] Fisher R V. Features of coarse-grained,high-concentration fluids and their deposits[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research,1971,41(4):916-927.
[30]宋明水,向奎,张宇,等.泥质重力流沉积研究进展及其页岩油气地质意义:以东营凹陷古近系沙河街组三段为例[J].沉积学报,2017,35(4):740-751.[Song Mingshui,Xiang Kui,Zhang Yu,et al. Research progresses on muddy gravity flow deposits and their significances on shale oil and gas:A case study from the 3rd oil-member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Dongying sag[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2017,35(4):740-751.]
[31] Shanmugam G. Ten turbidite myths[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,2002,58(3/4):311-341.
[32]林壬子,张金亮.陆相储层沉积学进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:29-47.[Lin Renzi,Zhang Jinliang. Continental reservoir sedimentology progress[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996:29-47.]
[33] Li C L,Chen P P,Zhang J L. Application of imaging logging in reservoir geological research[J]. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2015,12(5):820.
[34] Lowe D R,Guy M. Slurry-flow deposits in the Britannia formation(Lower Cretaceous),North Sea:a new perspective on the turbidity current and debris flow problem[J]. Sedimentology,2000,47(1):31-70.
[35]谈明轩,朱筱敏,耿名扬,等.沉积物重力流流体转化沉积—混合事件层[J].沉积学报,2016,34(6):1108-1119.[Tan Mingxuan,Zhu Xiaomin,Geng Mingyang,et al. The flow transforming deposits of sedimentary gravity flow-hybrid event bed[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2016,34(6):1108-1119.]