未来多源农村配电网安全与防护技术研究与探讨
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摘要
未来含大量分布式电源(DistributedResources,DR)的农村配电网改变了传统配电网潮流单向特征,考虑了DR及多元化负荷的接入,由原来的"网-荷"双元结构变为"源-网-荷"三元新格局。分析了多源接入对农村配电网的系统可靠性、继电保护、开关设备、谐波、电压分布、三相不平衡、潮流分布与网损、系统运行人身和计量安全方面的影响。DR与配电网之间的交互特征主要体现在:DR如何通过电力电子设备安全灵活接入配电网、配电网如何有效应对大量DR的高占比接入。重点从DR接入农村配电网的主要形式、即插即用安全接入技术、配电网保护控制技术以及DR最佳选址定容安全设计技术方面进行了研究分析。
Future rural distribution network containing large numbers of Distributed Resources(DR) will change the unidirectional power flow characteristics of traditional power grid, and its control strategy should be changed from 'grid-load' control to 'source-grid-load' coordinated control with the integration of DR and multiple loads taken into consideration. In this paper, the impact of multi-source integration on rural distribution network including system reliability relay protection, swithgear, network harmonic, voltage profile, three-phase unbalance, power flow distribution, grid loss, system operation, personal and measurement security is analyzed. The interaction between DR and distribution network is mainly reflected in the following two aspects, one is how DR could access to distribution networks through power electronic devices safely and flexibly, and the other is how distributon networks deal with the access of DR with high capacity penetration effectively. For these issues, this paper conducts research and analysis focusing on DR plug and play safety integration technology, distribution networks protection and control technology, and DR optimal site-selection and fixed-capacity safety planning technology.
Future rural distribution network containing large numbers of Distributed Resources(DR) will change the unidirectional power flow characteristics of traditional power grid, and its control strategy should be changed from 'grid-load' control to 'source-grid-load' coordinated control with the integration of DR and multiple loads taken into consideration. In this paper, the impact of multi-source integration on rural distribution network including system reliability relay protection, swithgear, network harmonic, voltage profile, three-phase unbalance, power flow distribution, grid loss, system operation, personal and measurement security is analyzed. The interaction between DR and distribution network is mainly reflected in the following two aspects, one is how DR could access to distribution networks through power electronic devices safely and flexibly, and the other is how distributon networks deal with the access of DR with high capacity penetration effectively. For these issues, this paper conducts research and analysis focusing on DR plug and play safety integration technology, distribution networks protection and control technology, and DR optimal site-selection and fixed-capacity safety planning technology.
引文
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[5]吴争荣,王钢,李海峰,等.含分布式电源配电网的相间短路故障分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):130-136.WU Zhengrong,WANG Gang,LI Haifeng,et al.Analysis on the distribution network with distributed generators under phase-to-phase short-circuit faults[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):130-136.
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[8]王鲍雅琼,陈皓.含分布式电源的配电网保护改进方案综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(12):146-154.WANG Baoyaqiong,CHEN Hao.Overview study on improving protection methods of distribution network with distributed generation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(12):146-154.
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[10]葛清,应康,夏翔,等.分布式发电对电压跌落及失电损失分摊的影响[J].华东电力,2007,35(4):33-37.GE Qing,YING Kang,XIA Xiang,et al.Effect of distributed generation on voltage drop and loss allocation[J].East China Electric Power,2007,35(4):33-37.
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[12]PONGPORNSUP V.Impact of non-utility induction generator to distribution network[C]//Proceedings of IEEE/EPS Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition,2002,Asia Pacific:1352-1356.
[13]姜凤利,朴在林,方晶晶.考虑分布式发电的农村弱环配电网潮流计算方法[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(12):152-156.JIANG Fengli,PIAO Zailin,FANG Jingjing.Power flow algorithm for weakly meshed rural power distribution systems with distributed generation[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2014(12):152-156.
[14]任泳橙.分布式光伏并网对配电网潮流和网损的影响及对策[J].供用电,2017,34(2):64-68.REN Yongcheng.The influence of distributed photovoltaic grid-connected on power flow and network loss of distribution network and its countermeasures[J].Distribution Utilization,2017,34(2):64-68.
[15]王钤,徐备,张师.分布式储能对配电网电压稳定的影响分析[J].广东电力,2017,30(5):48-51.WANG Jin,XU Bei,ZHANG Shi.Impact of distributed energy storage on distribution network voltage stability[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(5):48-51.
[16]姜凤利,朴在林,吴硕,等.分布式发电对农村配电网电压分布和网损的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2014,45(2):200-204.JIANG Fengli,PIAO Zailin,WU Shuo,et al.Impact of distributed generation on voltage profile and losses of rural power distribution networks[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2014,45(2):200-204.
[17]刘健,王魁元,张志华.利用自然适应性解决农村配电网电压质量问题的优化规划研究[J].电测与仪表,2017,54(15):28-33.LIU Jian,WANG Kuiyuan,ZHANG Zhihua.Optimal planning of improving the voltage performance for rural distribution networks by utilizing the nature adaptability[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2017,54(15):28-33.
[18]陈晓玲.农村配电网接线方式优化分析[J].通信电源技术,2016,33(6):187-188.CHEN Xiaoling.Optimization analysis on connection mode of rural distribution network[J].Telecom Power Technologies,2016,33(6):187-188.
[19]黄桂兰,林韩,蔡金锭.农村配电网低电压治理措施研究[J].电气技术,2015,16(11):64-67.HUANG Guilan,LIN Han,CAI Jinding.Measures of low voltage for rural power distribution network[J].Electrical Engineering,2015,16(11):64-67.
[20]龙旭雲,吴胜利.农村配变台区三相不平衡的危害及抑制方法[J].江西电力,2016,11(增刊):14-17.LONG Xuyun,WU Shengli.Rural with variable area of three phase unbalanced harm and suppression method[J].Jiangxi Electric Power,2016,11(S):14-17.
[21]王鹏,林涛,纪坤华.分布式光伏电源接入配电网的安全防护[J].华东电力,2013,41(11):2344-2347.WANG Peng,LIN Tao,JI Kunhua.Safety protection for distributed PV power access to low-voltage distribution network[J].East China Electric Power,2013,41(11):2344-2347.
[22]陈黎军.分布式光伏发电并网对配电网安全的影响分析[J].电力安全技术,2014,16(8):13-17.CHEN Lijun.Analysis of the influence of distributed photovoltaic power generation grid on the safety of distribution network[J].Electric Safety Technology,2014,16(8):13-17.
[23]李瑞生.分布式电源并网运行与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2017.
[24]李瑞生,郭宝甫,曾正.低频电源注入式主动孤岛检测方案[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(5):114-120.LI Ruisheng,GUO Baofu,ZENG Zheng.Active islanding detection scheme based on low-frequency power supply injection[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(5):114-120.
[25]LI H,ESEYE A T,ZHANG J,et al.Optimal energy management for industrial microgrids with high-penetration renewables[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(2):122-135.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0040-6.
[26]蔡冰倩,贾利虎,朱永强,等.新型交直流混合微电网结构设计[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(2):147-154.CAI Bingqian,JIA Lihu,ZHU Yongqiang,et al.New architecture design for hybrid AC/DC micro-grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(2):147-154.
[27]翟登辉,郭宝甫,王伟.基于幅值和相位逐步逼近的微网预同步方法研究[J].电力学报,2016,31(2):106-110.ZHAI Denghui,GUO Baofu,WANG Wei.Research on pre-synchronization method for microgrid based on successive approximation of voltage amplitude and phase[J].Journal of Electric Power,2016,31(2):106-110.
[28]李瑞生,翟登辉.光伏DG接入配电网及微电网的过电压自动调节方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(22):62-68.LI Ruisheng,ZHAI Denghui.Research on the overvoltage automatic adjustment method of distributed photovoltaic sources accessing to distribution network or microgrid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(22):62-68.
[29]李瑞生,徐军,翟登辉,等.一种电力电子转换装置运行模式超高速切换方法,中国专利:ZL201510290495.0[P].2015-11-11.LI Ruisheng,XU Jun,ZHAI Denghui,et al.Powerelectronic-conversion-device operation-mode ultra high speed switching method,Chinese Patent:ZL201510290495.0[P].2015-11-11.
[30]康成功,李献伟,张国军.分布式电源参与的配电网电能质量控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(16):99-105.KANG Chenggong,LI Xianwei,ZHANG Guojun.Research on power quality control strategy incorporating distributed generation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(16):99-105.
[26]李瑞生,翟登辉.具有转动惯量和阻尼自趋优的虚拟同步发电机方法,中国专利:ZL201510500003.6[P].2015-08-14.LI Ruisheng,ZHAI Denghui.Overrunning virtual synchronous generator(VSG+)method with rotary inertia and damping self-optimization-trending,Chinese Patent:ZL201510500003.6[P].2015-08-14.
[27]李瑞生.一种基于虚拟节点网络拓朴结构适用于架空线路主动配电网的纵联保护方案[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(2):70-75.LI Ruisheng.An aerial line active distribution network pilot protection scheme based on topology of virtual node[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(2):70-75.
[2]武志刚,程鲁文,张尧,等.智能微网及其可靠并网研究[J].电力科学与技术学报,2012,27(4):22-27.WU Zhigang,CHENG Luwen,ZHANG Yao,et al.Study on smart microgrid and reliable grid-connected microgrid[J].Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology,2012,27(4):22-27.
[3]侯汝锋,陈志钊,吴轲.分布式电源接入电网的孤岛划分策略及其对配电网供电可靠性的影响评估[J].广东电力,2012,25(1):64-69.HOU Rufeng,CHEN Zhizhao,WU Wei.Isolated island partitioning strategy for distributed generation access to power grid and its impact on power supply reliability of distribution network[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2012,25(1):64-69.
[4]KAUHANIEMI K,KUMPULAINEN L.Impact of distributed generation on the protection of distribution networks[C]//2004 Eighth IEE International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection,April 5-8,2004,Amsterdam,Netherlands:315-318.
[5]吴争荣,王钢,李海峰,等.含分布式电源配电网的相间短路故障分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):130-136.WU Zhengrong,WANG Gang,LI Haifeng,et al.Analysis on the distribution network with distributed generators under phase-to-phase short-circuit faults[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):130-136.
[6]王菁,邵如平,穆秀云,等.含分布式电源的配电系统保护方案[J].低压电器,2012(10):14-17.WANG Jing,SHAO Ruping,MU Xiuyun,et al.Relay protection scheme for distribution system with distributed generations source[J].Low Voltage Apparatus,2012(10):14-17.
[7]刘健,刘超,张小庆,等.基于供电可靠性的配电网继电保护规划[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2186-2191.LIU Jian,LIU Chao,ZHANG Xiaoqing,et al.Planning of protective relay coordination for power distribution systems based on service reliability[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):2186-2191.
[8]王鲍雅琼,陈皓.含分布式电源的配电网保护改进方案综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(12):146-154.WANG Baoyaqiong,CHEN Hao.Overview study on improving protection methods of distribution network with distributed generation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(12):146-154.
[9]张凯翔,张肖青.分布式电源对配电网继电保护的影响分析[J].供用电,2017,34(8):47-51.ZHANG Kaixiang,ZHANG Xiaoqing.Analysis of the influence of distributed generation on relay protection of distribution network[J].Distribution Utilization,2017,34(8):47-51.
[10]葛清,应康,夏翔,等.分布式发电对电压跌落及失电损失分摊的影响[J].华东电力,2007,35(4):33-37.GE Qing,YING Kang,XIA Xiang,et al.Effect of distributed generation on voltage drop and loss allocation[J].East China Electric Power,2007,35(4):33-37.
[11]ACKERMANN T,KNYAZKIN V.Interaction between distributed generation and the distribution network:operation aspects[C]//IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition,October 6-10,2002,Yokohama,Japan:1357-1362.
[12]PONGPORNSUP V.Impact of non-utility induction generator to distribution network[C]//Proceedings of IEEE/EPS Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition,2002,Asia Pacific:1352-1356.
[13]姜凤利,朴在林,方晶晶.考虑分布式发电的农村弱环配电网潮流计算方法[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(12):152-156.JIANG Fengli,PIAO Zailin,FANG Jingjing.Power flow algorithm for weakly meshed rural power distribution systems with distributed generation[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2014(12):152-156.
[14]任泳橙.分布式光伏并网对配电网潮流和网损的影响及对策[J].供用电,2017,34(2):64-68.REN Yongcheng.The influence of distributed photovoltaic grid-connected on power flow and network loss of distribution network and its countermeasures[J].Distribution Utilization,2017,34(2):64-68.
[15]王钤,徐备,张师.分布式储能对配电网电压稳定的影响分析[J].广东电力,2017,30(5):48-51.WANG Jin,XU Bei,ZHANG Shi.Impact of distributed energy storage on distribution network voltage stability[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(5):48-51.
[16]姜凤利,朴在林,吴硕,等.分布式发电对农村配电网电压分布和网损的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2014,45(2):200-204.JIANG Fengli,PIAO Zailin,WU Shuo,et al.Impact of distributed generation on voltage profile and losses of rural power distribution networks[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2014,45(2):200-204.
[17]刘健,王魁元,张志华.利用自然适应性解决农村配电网电压质量问题的优化规划研究[J].电测与仪表,2017,54(15):28-33.LIU Jian,WANG Kuiyuan,ZHANG Zhihua.Optimal planning of improving the voltage performance for rural distribution networks by utilizing the nature adaptability[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2017,54(15):28-33.
[18]陈晓玲.农村配电网接线方式优化分析[J].通信电源技术,2016,33(6):187-188.CHEN Xiaoling.Optimization analysis on connection mode of rural distribution network[J].Telecom Power Technologies,2016,33(6):187-188.
[19]黄桂兰,林韩,蔡金锭.农村配电网低电压治理措施研究[J].电气技术,2015,16(11):64-67.HUANG Guilan,LIN Han,CAI Jinding.Measures of low voltage for rural power distribution network[J].Electrical Engineering,2015,16(11):64-67.
[20]龙旭雲,吴胜利.农村配变台区三相不平衡的危害及抑制方法[J].江西电力,2016,11(增刊):14-17.LONG Xuyun,WU Shengli.Rural with variable area of three phase unbalanced harm and suppression method[J].Jiangxi Electric Power,2016,11(S):14-17.
[21]王鹏,林涛,纪坤华.分布式光伏电源接入配电网的安全防护[J].华东电力,2013,41(11):2344-2347.WANG Peng,LIN Tao,JI Kunhua.Safety protection for distributed PV power access to low-voltage distribution network[J].East China Electric Power,2013,41(11):2344-2347.
[22]陈黎军.分布式光伏发电并网对配电网安全的影响分析[J].电力安全技术,2014,16(8):13-17.CHEN Lijun.Analysis of the influence of distributed photovoltaic power generation grid on the safety of distribution network[J].Electric Safety Technology,2014,16(8):13-17.
[23]李瑞生.分布式电源并网运行与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2017.
[24]李瑞生,郭宝甫,曾正.低频电源注入式主动孤岛检测方案[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(5):114-120.LI Ruisheng,GUO Baofu,ZENG Zheng.Active islanding detection scheme based on low-frequency power supply injection[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(5):114-120.
[25]LI H,ESEYE A T,ZHANG J,et al.Optimal energy management for industrial microgrids with high-penetration renewables[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(2):122-135.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0040-6.
[26]蔡冰倩,贾利虎,朱永强,等.新型交直流混合微电网结构设计[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(2):147-154.CAI Bingqian,JIA Lihu,ZHU Yongqiang,et al.New architecture design for hybrid AC/DC micro-grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(2):147-154.
[27]翟登辉,郭宝甫,王伟.基于幅值和相位逐步逼近的微网预同步方法研究[J].电力学报,2016,31(2):106-110.ZHAI Denghui,GUO Baofu,WANG Wei.Research on pre-synchronization method for microgrid based on successive approximation of voltage amplitude and phase[J].Journal of Electric Power,2016,31(2):106-110.
[28]李瑞生,翟登辉.光伏DG接入配电网及微电网的过电压自动调节方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(22):62-68.LI Ruisheng,ZHAI Denghui.Research on the overvoltage automatic adjustment method of distributed photovoltaic sources accessing to distribution network or microgrid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(22):62-68.
[29]李瑞生,徐军,翟登辉,等.一种电力电子转换装置运行模式超高速切换方法,中国专利:ZL201510290495.0[P].2015-11-11.LI Ruisheng,XU Jun,ZHAI Denghui,et al.Powerelectronic-conversion-device operation-mode ultra high speed switching method,Chinese Patent:ZL201510290495.0[P].2015-11-11.
[30]康成功,李献伟,张国军.分布式电源参与的配电网电能质量控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(16):99-105.KANG Chenggong,LI Xianwei,ZHANG Guojun.Research on power quality control strategy incorporating distributed generation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(16):99-105.
[26]李瑞生,翟登辉.具有转动惯量和阻尼自趋优的虚拟同步发电机方法,中国专利:ZL201510500003.6[P].2015-08-14.LI Ruisheng,ZHAI Denghui.Overrunning virtual synchronous generator(VSG+)method with rotary inertia and damping self-optimization-trending,Chinese Patent:ZL201510500003.6[P].2015-08-14.
[27]李瑞生.一种基于虚拟节点网络拓朴结构适用于架空线路主动配电网的纵联保护方案[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(2):70-75.LI Ruisheng.An aerial line active distribution network pilot protection scheme based on topology of virtual node[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(2):70-75.
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