深水钻井气侵溢流发展规律及隔水管气侵监测优势
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摘要
随着石油勘探开发迈向深水超深水,利用隔水管的长度优势、在隔水管底部对气侵进行早期监测的新思路成为研究的热点之一。从深水钻井气侵气体运移的基本规律出发,通过建立深水钻井井筒气液两相流计算模型,分析不同水深、泥线以下深度、井底压差、地层渗透率等工况下气侵气体的运移规律及其与溢流量的关系。结果表明:对于水深大于800 m、泥线以下深度小于2 800 m、地层渗透率小于50×10~(-3)μm~2的深水钻井,在隔水管底部对气侵进行监测比常规的泥浆池液面监测法更具时效性优势,且水深越深,泥线以下深度越小,地层渗透率越小,井底压差越小,该优势越明显。
For oil and gas well-drilling in deepwater and ultra deepwater,the idea of making use of the advantage of the long length of the riser to monitor gas kicks at the bottom of the riser has become one of the hot spots for research. In this study,the flow and migration gas in wellbore were analyzed,considering the effects of water depth,drilling depth below the mud line,bottom hole pressure difference,formation permeability,and a two-phase flow model of gas-liquid in wellbore was established. The simulation results indicate that monitoring of the gas kicks at the bottom of the riser is more effective than that using the conventional mud level method in deepwater drilling under the conditions of water depth greater than 800 m,the drilling depth less than 2 800 m below the mud line,and the formation permeability less than 50× 10~(-3)μm~2. Moreover,the deeper the water depth,the less of the drilling depth below the mud line and the smaller of the formation-bottom hole pressure difference,the more effective of the riser monitoring technique.
For oil and gas well-drilling in deepwater and ultra deepwater,the idea of making use of the advantage of the long length of the riser to monitor gas kicks at the bottom of the riser has become one of the hot spots for research. In this study,the flow and migration gas in wellbore were analyzed,considering the effects of water depth,drilling depth below the mud line,bottom hole pressure difference,formation permeability,and a two-phase flow model of gas-liquid in wellbore was established. The simulation results indicate that monitoring of the gas kicks at the bottom of the riser is more effective than that using the conventional mud level method in deepwater drilling under the conditions of water depth greater than 800 m,the drilling depth less than 2 800 m below the mud line,and the formation permeability less than 50× 10~(-3)μm~2. Moreover,the deeper the water depth,the less of the drilling depth below the mud line and the smaller of the formation-bottom hole pressure difference,the more effective of the riser monitoring technique.
引文
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[15]孙连伟,管志川,梁海明,等.井身结构变化及尾管回接对井控的影响分析[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(6):34-39.SUI Lianwei,GUAN Zhichuan,LIANG Haiming,et al.Effects of casing program change and liner tieback on well control[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(6):34-39.
[16]高永海.深水油气钻探井筒多相流动与井控的研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2007.GAO Yonghai. Study on multi-phase flow in wellbore and well control in deep water drilling[D]. Qingdao:China University of Petroluem(East China),2007.
[2]陈平,马天寿.深水钻井溢流早期监测技术研究现状[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):602-612.CHEN Ping,MA Tianshou. Research status of early monitoring technology for deepwater drilling overflow[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):602-612.
[3]谢玉洪.南海西部深水区自营油气田勘探开发现状及展望[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(1):11-13.XIE Yuhong. Status and prospect of proprietary oil and gas ifeld exploration and development in deepwater West of South China Sea[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(1):11-13.
[4] SHAUGHNESSY J M,DAUGHERTY W T,GRAFF R L,et al. More ultradeep water drilling problems[R].SPE 105792,2007.
[5] XU Y,GUAN Z,SU K. Methods of setting depth range with credibility of conductor for deepwater drilling based on probability statistics[J]. Applied Ocean Research,2014,48:301-307.
[6]许玉强,管志川,许传斌,等.深水钻井井筒中天然气水合物生成风险评价方法[J].石油学报,2015,36(5):633-640.XU Yuqiang,GUAN Zhichuan,XU Chuanbin,et al.Risk evaluation methods of gas hydrate formation in the wellbore of deepwater drilling[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(5):633-640.
[7] ZHAO X,QIU Z,HUANG W,et al. Mechanism and method for controlling low-temperature rheology of waterbased drilling fluids in deepwater drilling[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,154:405-416.
[8]隋秀香,梁羽丰,李轶明,等.基于多普勒测量技术的深水隔水管气侵早期监测研究[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(5):90-94.SUI Xiuxiang,LIANG Yufeng,LI Yiming,et al. Early monitoring of the gas-cut in deepwater riser based on doppler measuring system[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2014,42(5):90-94.
[9]耿亚楠,李轶明,朱磊,等.深水钻井沿隔水管超声波气侵实时监测技术研究[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(1):86-92.GENG Yanan,LI Yiming,ZHU Lei,et al. Study on realtime ultra-sonic kick detection technique along riser during deep water drilling operations[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(1):86-92.
[10]许玉强,管志川,王晓慧,等.深水钻井气侵程度实时定量描述方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):292-296.XU Yuqiang,GUAN Zhichuan,WANG Xiaohui,et al.The quantitative description of gas-cut degree in deepwater drilling[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):292-296.
[11] PARTH P. Innovative kick detection system for HP/HT ultradeepwater wells using a section of the BHA[R].OTC 25074-MS,2014.
[12] TOSKEY E D. Kick detection at the subsea mudline[R]. OTC 25847-MS,2014.
[13] TORALDE J S S,WUEST C H. Riser gas risk mitigation with advanced flow detection and managed pressure drilling technologies in deepwater operations[R]. OTC24997-MS,2014.
[14]高永海,孙宝江,王志远,等.深水钻探井筒温度场的计算与分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(2):58-62.GAO Yonghai,SUN Baojiang,WANG Zhiyuan,et al.Calculation and analysis of wellbore temperature field in deepwater drilling[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2008,32(2):58-62.
[15]孙连伟,管志川,梁海明,等.井身结构变化及尾管回接对井控的影响分析[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(6):34-39.SUI Lianwei,GUAN Zhichuan,LIANG Haiming,et al.Effects of casing program change and liner tieback on well control[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(6):34-39.
[16]高永海.深水油气钻探井筒多相流动与井控的研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2007.GAO Yonghai. Study on multi-phase flow in wellbore and well control in deep water drilling[D]. Qingdao:China University of Petroluem(East China),2007.
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