基于光谱特征的煤矿覆煤区遥感识别与监测方法研究:以云南小龙潭矿区为例
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摘要
面对煤矿区土地退化日益加重带来的严峻生态环境问题,以及露天矿区覆煤地表范围难以准确界定的现实难题,基于煤矿区典型地物水体、植被、裸地和煤堆的光谱特征以及Landsat 8遥感数据的波段特性,提出了归一化差异煤矿指数(normalized difference coal mine index,NDCMI),并结合地物样本的NDCMI值设定阈值,对煤堆与矿区背景地物信息加以区分识别。结果表明:(1)利用Landsat 8的蓝光、红光、近红外和中红外波段组成的NDCMI方法对小龙潭矿区(下辖小龙潭露天矿和布沼坝露天矿)具有较强的适用性;(2) 2013—2018年,布沼坝露天矿开采面积增加1. 03倍,而小龙潭露天矿开采面积减少42%;(3)在空间上小龙潭矿区的煤炭开采活动重心呈现自东北向西南、从小龙潭露天矿向布沼坝露天矿转移的趋势,大大增加了布沼坝露天矿的生态环境压力。
Facing the severe ecological problems brought by the increasing land degradation in the coal mining areas and the difficulties on the defining of the scope of coal-covered surface in the open-pit mining areas,a normalized difference coal mine index( NDCMI) was proposed based on the spectral characteristics of typical water bodies,vegetation,bare land and coal piles in the coal mining areas as well as the band characteristics of Landsat 8 remote sensing data. The NDCMI value of the ground object samples was used to set the threshold value to distinguish and identify the ground object information of the coal pile and the mining area. The results show that: First,consisting of blue,red,near-infrared and midinfrared bands of Landsat 8,the NDCMI method was applicative to the Xiaolongtan mining area; Second,from 2013 to2018,the area of the Buzhaoba open-pit mining area increased by 1. 03 times,while the area of Xiaolongtan open-pit mining area decreased by 42%; The gravity of coal mining activities in Xiaolongtan mining area showed a spatial trend from northeast to southwest and the trend from Xiaolongtan open-pit mining area to Buzhaoba open-pit mining area,which greatly increased the pressure on ecology and environment of the Buzhaoba open pit mining area.
Facing the severe ecological problems brought by the increasing land degradation in the coal mining areas and the difficulties on the defining of the scope of coal-covered surface in the open-pit mining areas,a normalized difference coal mine index( NDCMI) was proposed based on the spectral characteristics of typical water bodies,vegetation,bare land and coal piles in the coal mining areas as well as the band characteristics of Landsat 8 remote sensing data. The NDCMI value of the ground object samples was used to set the threshold value to distinguish and identify the ground object information of the coal pile and the mining area. The results show that: First,consisting of blue,red,near-infrared and midinfrared bands of Landsat 8,the NDCMI method was applicative to the Xiaolongtan mining area; Second,from 2013 to2018,the area of the Buzhaoba open-pit mining area increased by 1. 03 times,while the area of Xiaolongtan open-pit mining area decreased by 42%; The gravity of coal mining activities in Xiaolongtan mining area showed a spatial trend from northeast to southwest and the trend from Xiaolongtan open-pit mining area to Buzhaoba open-pit mining area,which greatly increased the pressure on ecology and environment of the Buzhaoba open pit mining area.
引文
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[17]汤傲.基于遥感的干旱半干旱矿区生态环境监测及修复策略研究:以乌海矿区为例[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2017.[TANGAo.Research on Ecological Monitoring and Restoration in Arid and Semi-Arid Mining Area Based on Remote Sensing:A Case Study in Wuhai Mining Area[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2017.]
[18]徐涵秋,唐菲.新一代Landsat系列卫星:Landsat 8遥感影像新增特征及其生态环境意义[J].生态学报,2013,33(11):3249-3257.[XU Han-qiu,TANG Fei.Analysis of New Characteristics of the First Landsat 8 Image and Their Eco-Environmental Significance[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2013,33(11):3294-3257.]
[19]ROUSE J W,HAAS R H,SCHELL J A,et al.Monitoring Vegetation Systems in the Great Plains With ERTS[C]∥NASA.Goddard Space Flight Center 3d ERTS-1 Symp,1974,1:309-317.
[20]MCFEETERS S K.The Use of Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI)in the Delineation of Open Water Features[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17(7):1425-1432.
[2]周伟,白中科,袁春,等.东露天煤矿区采矿对土地利用和土壤侵蚀的影响预测[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(3):55-60.[ZHOU Wei,BAI Zhong-ke,YUAN Chun,et al.Estimation of Influence of Dong Open-Cast Coal Mine Area on Soil Erosion and Land Use[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2007,23(3):55-60.]
[3]胡振琪,龙精华,王新静.论煤矿区生态环境的自修复、自然修复和人工修复[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1751-1757.[HUZhen-qi,LONG Jing-hua,WANG Xin-jing.Self-Healing,Natural Restoration and Artificial Restoration of Ecological Environment for Coal Mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1751-1757.]
[4]于颂,王飞红,杨爱民.平朔露天煤矿土地利用变化的遥感监测[J].测绘通报,2015(4):86-90.[YU Song,WANG Fei-hong,YANG Ai-min.Remote Sensing Monitoring of Land Use Change in Pingshuo Open-Pit Mine[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2015(4):86-90.]
[5]LI N,YAN C Z,XIE J L.Remote Sensing Monitoring Recent Rapid Increase of Coal Mining Activity of an Important Energy Base in Northern China,a Case Study of Mu Us Sandy Land[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2015,94:129-135.
[6]KARAN S K,SAMADDER S R,MAITI S K.Assessment of the Capability of Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Monitoring Reclamation Success in Coal Mine Degraded Lands[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,182:272-283.
[7]RATHORE C S,WRIGHT R.Monitoring Environmental Impacts of Surface Coal Mining[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1993,14(6):1021-1042.
[8]SCHMIDT H,GLAESSER C.Multitemporal Analysis of Satellite Data and Their Use in the Monitoring of the Environmental Impacts of Open Cast Lignite Mining Areas in Eastern Germany[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1998,19(12):2245-2260.
[9]彭苏萍,王磊,孟召平,等.遥感技术在煤矿区积水塌陷动态监测中的应用:以淮南矿区为例[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(4):374-378.[PENG Su-ping,WANG Lei,MENG Zhao-ping,et al.Monitoring the Seeper Subside in Coal District by the Remote Sensing:Example From Huainan Coal District[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2002,27(4):374-378.]
[10]陈龙乾,郭达志,胡召玲,等.徐州矿区土地利用变化遥感监测及塌陷地复垦利用研究[J].地理科学进展,2004,23(2):10-15.[CHEN Long-qian,GUO Da-zhi,HU Zhao-ling,et al.A Study on Remote Sensing Monitoring Land Use Change and Reclamation Measures of Subsided Land in Xuzhou Coal Mining Area[J].Process in Geography,2004,23(2):10-15.]
[11]马保东,陈绍杰,吴立新,等.基于SPOT-VGT NDVI的矿区植被遥感监测方法[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(1):84-87.[MA Bao-dong,CHEN Shao-jie,WU Li-xin,et al.Vegetation Monitoring Method in Mining Area Based on SPOT-VGT NDVI[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2009,25(1):84-87.]
[12]杨金中,秦绪文,聂洪峰,等.全国重点矿区矿山遥感监测综合研究[J].中国地质调查,2015,2(4):24-30.[YANG Jin-zhong,QIN Xu-wen,NIE Hong-feng,et al.Comprehensive Research on Remote Sensing Monitoring of the National Concentration Zones of the Important Mine[J].Geological Survey of China,2015,2(4):24-30.]
[13]裴文明.淮南潘谢矿区生态环境动态监测及预警研究[D].南京:南京大学,2016.[PEI Wen-ming.Eco-Environment Dynamic Monitoring and Prewarning Study in Panxie Coal Mining Area,Huainan[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2016.]
[14]YE B Y,LIU L.Remote Sensing Monitoring Land Use Change in Donglutian Coal Mine,Shuozhou City[J].IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science,2017,52(1):012110.doi:10.1088/1742-6596/52/1/012110.
[15]王晓红,聂洪峰,杨清华,等.高分辨率卫星数据在矿山开发状况及环境监测中的应用效果比较[J].国土资源遥感,2004(1):15-18.[WANG Xiao-hong,NIE Hong-feng,YANG Qinghua,et al.The Different Monitoring Effects of Quickbird and Spot-5Data in Mine Expolitation[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2004(1):15-18.]
[16]蔡博峰,刘春兰,陈操操,等.露天煤矿生态环境遥感监测与评价方法研究:以霍林河一号露天矿为例[J].中国矿业,2009,18(6):61-64.[CAI Bo-feng,LIU Chun-lan,CHEN Cao-cao,et al.Ecological Monitoring and Evaluation of Open-Cast Coal Mines Based on Remote Sensing:A Case Study of Huolin River 1st OpenPit Mine[J].China Mining Magazine,2009,18(6):61-64.]
[17]汤傲.基于遥感的干旱半干旱矿区生态环境监测及修复策略研究:以乌海矿区为例[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2017.[TANGAo.Research on Ecological Monitoring and Restoration in Arid and Semi-Arid Mining Area Based on Remote Sensing:A Case Study in Wuhai Mining Area[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2017.]
[18]徐涵秋,唐菲.新一代Landsat系列卫星:Landsat 8遥感影像新增特征及其生态环境意义[J].生态学报,2013,33(11):3249-3257.[XU Han-qiu,TANG Fei.Analysis of New Characteristics of the First Landsat 8 Image and Their Eco-Environmental Significance[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2013,33(11):3294-3257.]
[19]ROUSE J W,HAAS R H,SCHELL J A,et al.Monitoring Vegetation Systems in the Great Plains With ERTS[C]∥NASA.Goddard Space Flight Center 3d ERTS-1 Symp,1974,1:309-317.
[20]MCFEETERS S K.The Use of Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI)in the Delineation of Open Water Features[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17(7):1425-1432.
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