空气污染会影响企业创新吗?
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摘要
近年来,我国空气污染问题日益突出,在绿色生产和创新驱动背景下探究空气污染与企业创新之间的内在联系变得愈加重要。本文利用世界银行2012年中国企业调查数据,将其与城市层面的空气污染数据进行匹配,分别讨论了空气污染对企业工艺创新、管理创新和研发投入的影响。研究发现:空气污染通过"工艺创新补偿效应"与"管理创新补偿效应"对工艺创新和管理创新产生正向影响;而由于"资金挤出效应"与"人力资源损失效应"的存在,空气污染对企业研发投入产生负向影响。进一步研究表明,在企业生产率、企业所在地市场化程度、企业所在城市规模不同时,空气污染对企业创新的影响存在差异。本文的研究结论有助于为企业谋求"绿色发展"提供理论指导和决策依据。
In recent years,the problem of air pollution has become increasingly prominent in China. Thus,it is of increasingly significance to explore the internal connection between air pollution and enterprise innovation in the context of green production and innovation-driven development.In this paper,the World Bank Survey of Chinese Enterprises in 2012 is used to match the air pollution data at the city level and the impact of air pollution on process innovation,management innovation and R&D investment of enterprises is discussed respectively. We find that air pollution has a positive impact on process innovation and management innovation because of"process innovation compensation effect"and"management innovation compensation effect".But due to the "crowding out effect of capital"and "the loss effect of human resources",air pollution has a negative impact on R&D investment. Further research shows that with different corporate productivity,marketization degree and scale of location,the impact of air pollution on enterprise innovation varies.The conclusion is helpful to provide theoretical guidance and decision basis for enterprises which are seeking for the green development.
In recent years,the problem of air pollution has become increasingly prominent in China. Thus,it is of increasingly significance to explore the internal connection between air pollution and enterprise innovation in the context of green production and innovation-driven development.In this paper,the World Bank Survey of Chinese Enterprises in 2012 is used to match the air pollution data at the city level and the impact of air pollution on process innovation,management innovation and R&D investment of enterprises is discussed respectively. We find that air pollution has a positive impact on process innovation and management innovation because of"process innovation compensation effect"and"management innovation compensation effect".But due to the "crowding out effect of capital"and "the loss effect of human resources",air pollution has a negative impact on R&D investment. Further research shows that with different corporate productivity,marketization degree and scale of location,the impact of air pollution on enterprise innovation varies.The conclusion is helpful to provide theoretical guidance and decision basis for enterprises which are seeking for the green development.
引文
1.陈硕、陈婷,2014:《空气质量与公共健康:以火电厂二氧化硫排放为例》,《经济研究》第8期。
2.杜威剑、李梦洁,2016:《环境规制对企业产品创新的非线性影响》,《科学学研究》第3期。
3.彭可茂、席利卿、雷玉桃,2013:《中国工业的污染避难所区域效应---基于2002-2012年工业总体与特定产业的测度与验证》,《中国工业经济》第10期。
4.任胜钢、蒋婷婷、李晓磊、袁宝龙,2016:《中国环境规制类型对区域生态效率影响的差异化机制研究》,《经济管理》第1期。
5.王兰芳、胡悦,2017:《创业投资促进了创新绩效吗?---基于中国企业面板数据的实证检验》,《金融研究》第1期。
6.王文普,2013:《环境规制、空间溢出与地区产业竞争力》,《中国人口·资源与环境》第8期。
7.王小鲁、樊纲、余静文,2017:《中国分省份市场化指数报告(2016)》,社会科学文献出版社。
8.席鹏辉、梁若冰,2015:《空气污染对地方环保投入的影响---基于多断点回归设计》,《统计研究》第9期。
9.许和连、成丽红,2016:《制度环境、创新与异质性服务业企业TFP---基于世界银行中国服务业企业调查的经验研究》,《财贸经济》第10期。
10.杨继东、章逸然,2014:《空气污染的定价:基于幸福感数据的分析》,《世界经济》第12期。
11.张红凤、周峰、杨慧、郭庆,2009:《环境保护与经济发展双赢的规制绩效实证分析》,《经济研究》第3期。
12.张旭、张婕、樊耘,2017:《基于认知评价角度的奖励与创新绩效关系研究---情感状态与认知资源的调节作用》,《南开管理评论》第5期。
13.Amore,M.D.,C.Schneider,and A.aldokas.2013.“Credit Supply and Corporate Innovation.”Journal of Financial Economics 109(3):835-855.
14.Cole,M.A.,R.J.R.Elliott,and T.Okubo.2010.“Trade,Environmental Regulations and Industrial Mobility:An Industry-level Study of Japan.”Ecological Economics 69(10):1995-2002.
15.Cuijpers,M.,H.Guenter,and K.Hussinger.2011.“Costs and Benefits of Inter-departmental Innovation Collaboration.”Research Policy 40(4):565-575.
16.Czarnitzki,D.,and H.Hottenrott.2011.“R&D Investment and Financing Constraints of Small and Medium-sized Firms.”Small Business Economics 36(1):65-83.
17.Fang,D.,Q.Wang,H.Li,Y.Yu,Y.Lu,and X.Qian.2016.“Mortality Effects Assessment of Ambient PM2.5Pollution in the 74 Leading Cities of China.”Science of The Total Environment 569-570(1):1545-1552.
18.Hamamoto,M.2006.“Environmental Regulation and the Productivity of Japanese Manufacturing Industries.”Resource and Energy Economics 28(4):299-312.
19.Horbach,J.2008.“Determinants of Environmental Innovation-New Evidence from German Panel Data Sources.”Research Policy 37(1):163-173.
20.Skrzypek,M.,J.E.Zejda,M.Kowalska,and E.M.Czech.2013.“Effect of Residential Proximity to Traffic on Respiratory Disorders in School Children in Upper Silesian Industrial Zone,Poland.”International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 26(1):83-91.
21.van Donkelaar,A.,R.V.Martin,M.Brauer,and B.L.Boys.2015.“Use of Satellite Observations for Long-Term Exposure Assessment of Global Concentrations of Fine Particulate Matter.”Environmental Health Perspectives123(2):135-143.
(1)该数据共有2 848家企业接受访问,其中涵盖了2 700家内、外资民营企业及148家国有企业。
(1)缺少东莞这一城市的日度API数据。
(1)本文所用的市场化程度变量,参照王小鲁等(2017)编制的中国各地区市场化指数。
(1)限于篇幅,稳健性检验的回归结果暂未列示,读者可向作者索取。
2.杜威剑、李梦洁,2016:《环境规制对企业产品创新的非线性影响》,《科学学研究》第3期。
3.彭可茂、席利卿、雷玉桃,2013:《中国工业的污染避难所区域效应---基于2002-2012年工业总体与特定产业的测度与验证》,《中国工业经济》第10期。
4.任胜钢、蒋婷婷、李晓磊、袁宝龙,2016:《中国环境规制类型对区域生态效率影响的差异化机制研究》,《经济管理》第1期。
5.王兰芳、胡悦,2017:《创业投资促进了创新绩效吗?---基于中国企业面板数据的实证检验》,《金融研究》第1期。
6.王文普,2013:《环境规制、空间溢出与地区产业竞争力》,《中国人口·资源与环境》第8期。
7.王小鲁、樊纲、余静文,2017:《中国分省份市场化指数报告(2016)》,社会科学文献出版社。
8.席鹏辉、梁若冰,2015:《空气污染对地方环保投入的影响---基于多断点回归设计》,《统计研究》第9期。
9.许和连、成丽红,2016:《制度环境、创新与异质性服务业企业TFP---基于世界银行中国服务业企业调查的经验研究》,《财贸经济》第10期。
10.杨继东、章逸然,2014:《空气污染的定价:基于幸福感数据的分析》,《世界经济》第12期。
11.张红凤、周峰、杨慧、郭庆,2009:《环境保护与经济发展双赢的规制绩效实证分析》,《经济研究》第3期。
12.张旭、张婕、樊耘,2017:《基于认知评价角度的奖励与创新绩效关系研究---情感状态与认知资源的调节作用》,《南开管理评论》第5期。
13.Amore,M.D.,C.Schneider,and A.aldokas.2013.“Credit Supply and Corporate Innovation.”Journal of Financial Economics 109(3):835-855.
14.Cole,M.A.,R.J.R.Elliott,and T.Okubo.2010.“Trade,Environmental Regulations and Industrial Mobility:An Industry-level Study of Japan.”Ecological Economics 69(10):1995-2002.
15.Cuijpers,M.,H.Guenter,and K.Hussinger.2011.“Costs and Benefits of Inter-departmental Innovation Collaboration.”Research Policy 40(4):565-575.
16.Czarnitzki,D.,and H.Hottenrott.2011.“R&D Investment and Financing Constraints of Small and Medium-sized Firms.”Small Business Economics 36(1):65-83.
17.Fang,D.,Q.Wang,H.Li,Y.Yu,Y.Lu,and X.Qian.2016.“Mortality Effects Assessment of Ambient PM2.5Pollution in the 74 Leading Cities of China.”Science of The Total Environment 569-570(1):1545-1552.
18.Hamamoto,M.2006.“Environmental Regulation and the Productivity of Japanese Manufacturing Industries.”Resource and Energy Economics 28(4):299-312.
19.Horbach,J.2008.“Determinants of Environmental Innovation-New Evidence from German Panel Data Sources.”Research Policy 37(1):163-173.
20.Skrzypek,M.,J.E.Zejda,M.Kowalska,and E.M.Czech.2013.“Effect of Residential Proximity to Traffic on Respiratory Disorders in School Children in Upper Silesian Industrial Zone,Poland.”International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 26(1):83-91.
21.van Donkelaar,A.,R.V.Martin,M.Brauer,and B.L.Boys.2015.“Use of Satellite Observations for Long-Term Exposure Assessment of Global Concentrations of Fine Particulate Matter.”Environmental Health Perspectives123(2):135-143.
(1)该数据共有2 848家企业接受访问,其中涵盖了2 700家内、外资民营企业及148家国有企业。
(1)缺少东莞这一城市的日度API数据。
(1)本文所用的市场化程度变量,参照王小鲁等(2017)编制的中国各地区市场化指数。
(1)限于篇幅,稳健性检验的回归结果暂未列示,读者可向作者索取。
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