煤矿冲击地压灾害防控技术研究现状及展望
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摘要
基于我国煤矿冲击地压矿井的最新数据,从冲击地压致灾机理、监测预警和防治技术3个方面归纳了我国煤矿冲击地压灾害防控领域研究现状。综述了冲击地压发生机理、致灾机理,并从煤岩介质属性、环境应力以及赋存结构3个方面探讨了冲击地压防控机理的研究现状。冲击地压监测预警平台及设备较多,阐述了在现场应用较为广泛的自震式微震监测系统、应力在线监测系统、"震动场-应力场"联合监测预警系统、"全频广域"震动监测系统、电磁辐射监测仪、电荷监测系统等6种系统的应用现状。当前我国已经初步形成了浅部冲击地压灾害防控技术体系,重点阐述了主动支护防控冲击地压技术与装备的发展现状。最后对我国冲击地压防控研究提出了以下认识:灾变破坏的多尺度效应以及多尺度转变机制是揭示冲击地压发生机理新的突破口;从煤岩属性、环境应力以及煤岩结构控制3个方面着手,结合高效率、智能化防控装备是冲击地压防控技术发展的必由之路,煤岩动力灾害的一体化防控是深部开采的必然要求。
Based on the latest data of coal bumps mine in China,the research status of coal bumps has been summarized from these aspects: catastrophic mechanism,monitoring and early warning,and control technology. This paper summarizes the catastrophic mechanism of coal bumps,and discusses the research status of coal bumps control mechanism from three aspects of coal rock properties,environmental stress and occurrence structure. There are many monitoring and early warning platforms and equipments,and the application status of six systems( self-seismic microseismic monitoring system,stress on-line monitoring system,joint monitoring and early warning system of vibration field-stress field,full-frequency wide-area vibration monitoring system,electromagnetic radiation monitoring instrument and charge monitoring system) which are widely used in the field is expounded. China has initially formed a technical system for control of shallow coal bumps disaster,and the development status of active support and control technology and equipment are expounded. It puts forward the following understandings for the study of coal bumps control in China: the multi-scale effect of catastrophic damage and the multi-scale transformation mechanism are the new breakthrough to reveal the catastrophic mechanism; the only way for the development of coal rock dynamic disasters control technology is to start from the three aspects of properties,environmental stress and structure control,and to combine high efficiency and intelligent control equipment; the integrated prevention and control of coal rock power disasters is an inevitable requirement for deep mining.
Based on the latest data of coal bumps mine in China,the research status of coal bumps has been summarized from these aspects: catastrophic mechanism,monitoring and early warning,and control technology. This paper summarizes the catastrophic mechanism of coal bumps,and discusses the research status of coal bumps control mechanism from three aspects of coal rock properties,environmental stress and occurrence structure. There are many monitoring and early warning platforms and equipments,and the application status of six systems( self-seismic microseismic monitoring system,stress on-line monitoring system,joint monitoring and early warning system of vibration field-stress field,full-frequency wide-area vibration monitoring system,electromagnetic radiation monitoring instrument and charge monitoring system) which are widely used in the field is expounded. China has initially formed a technical system for control of shallow coal bumps disaster,and the development status of active support and control technology and equipment are expounded. It puts forward the following understandings for the study of coal bumps control in China: the multi-scale effect of catastrophic damage and the multi-scale transformation mechanism are the new breakthrough to reveal the catastrophic mechanism; the only way for the development of coal rock dynamic disasters control technology is to start from the three aspects of properties,environmental stress and structure control,and to combine high efficiency and intelligent control equipment; the integrated prevention and control of coal rock power disasters is an inevitable requirement for deep mining.
引文
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[9] CROUCH S L,FAIRHURST C,Mechanics of coal mine bumps[J].Society of Mining Engineers,1974,256:317-321.
[10]李玉生.冲击地压机理及其初步应用[J].中国矿业学院学报,1985(3):37-43.LI Yusheng. The mechanism of impact ground pressure and its preliminary application[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1985(3):41-43.
[11] KIDYBINSKI A.Bursting liability indices of coal[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1981,18:295-304.
[12] ORTLEPP W D.Study of rockburst source mechanism[J].Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee,2000,524:1-42.
[13] ZUBELEWICA O C,MROZ Z.Numerical simulation of rockburst processes treated as problems of dynamoic instability[J]. Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,1983,16:253-274.
[14]章梦涛.冲击地压失稳理论与数值模拟计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1987,6(3):197-204.ZHANG Mengtao.Theory and numerical simulation of impact pressure instability[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1987,6(3):197-204.
[15]齐庆新,李晓璐,赵善坤.煤矿冲击地压应力控制理论与实践[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(6):35-40.QI Qingxin,LI Xiaolu,ZHAO Shankun. Theory and practices on stress control of mine pressure bumping[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(6):35-40.
[16]潘一山.煤与瓦斯突出、冲击地压复合动力灾害一体化研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):105-112.PAN Yishan. Integrated study on compound dynamic disaster of coal-gas outburst and rockburst[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):105-112.
[17]潘俊锋,宁宇,毛德兵,等.煤矿开采冲击地压启动理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,21(3):586-596.PAN Junfeng,NING Yu,MAO Debing,et al. Theory of rockburst start-up during coal mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,21(3):586-596.
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