基于大范围岩层控制技术的大倾角煤层区段煤柱失稳机理
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摘要
为了实现大范围岩层控制技术,提高大倾角煤层长壁工作面"R-S-F"系统稳定性,在分析区段采空区围岩失稳机制的基础上,建立区段间围岩失稳模型,研究了区段煤柱的应力分布规律和失稳破坏准则,确定了区段煤柱的合理尺寸。结果表明:大倾角煤层区段围岩联通运移可总结为"挤压-弯垮"与"压垮-倾倒"两种模式。而要实现大范围岩层控制技术,应使区段采空区围岩以"压垮-倾倒"模式进行失稳联通。覆岩结构以"梁-拱组合梁"形式存在时,区段煤柱强度决定了区段采空区的联通运移模式,以"双拱连续梁"形式存在时,区段煤柱尺寸决定了"压垮-倾倒"联通运移模式的矿压显现特征及变形破坏后的采空区三维空间形态。因而大范围岩层控制技术的关键在于区段煤柱的设计。结合区段煤柱自身强度及失稳破坏准则,确定其宽度k须在满足k>kZH条件的同时尽量满足k大倾角煤层多区段开采为例,进行理论计算判定与相似模拟实验对比分析,从而对提出的区段煤柱失稳机理进行了验证。
In order to achieve the technology for a large-scale ground control between sections and improve the stability of steeply dipping seam longwall face "Roof-Support-Floor"system,based on the analysis on the section of gob surrounding rock instability mechanism,this paper established an inter section rock instability model,researched the stress distribution law and instability criterion of the section coal pillar,and determined the rea-sonable size of the section coal pillar.The results show that the steeply dipping seam section of surrounding rock movement can be summarized as two modes of "extrusion-bend down"and "crush-dumping".In order to realize this technology,the surrounding rock of the gob will lose stability in a "crush-dumping"mode.When the overburden structure exists in the form of"beam arch combined beam",the strength of the section coal pillar determines the movement mode of the surroundingrock in the gob section.When the overburden structure is in the form of "double arch continuous beam",the size of section pillar determines the pressure behavior characteristics of the "crush-dumping"mode and the gob's three-dimensional spatial form after the deformation and failure.Thus the key of this technology lies in the design of the section coal pillar.According to the strength and instability criterion of the section coal pillar,it is determined that the width of k must satisfy the k>kZHcondition and meet the k>kSKcondition as much as possible.In a case study at the multi-section mining of steeply dipping seam in Gansu DONGXIA coal mine,the comparative analysis of the theoretical calculation and similar simulation experiment was carried out,and the mechanism of the pillar instability was verified.
In order to achieve the technology for a large-scale ground control between sections and improve the stability of steeply dipping seam longwall face "Roof-Support-Floor"system,based on the analysis on the section of gob surrounding rock instability mechanism,this paper established an inter section rock instability model,researched the stress distribution law and instability criterion of the section coal pillar,and determined the rea-sonable size of the section coal pillar.The results show that the steeply dipping seam section of surrounding rock movement can be summarized as two modes of "extrusion-bend down"and "crush-dumping".In order to realize this technology,the surrounding rock of the gob will lose stability in a "crush-dumping"mode.When the overburden structure exists in the form of"beam arch combined beam",the strength of the section coal pillar determines the movement mode of the surroundingrock in the gob section.When the overburden structure is in the form of "double arch continuous beam",the size of section pillar determines the pressure behavior characteristics of the "crush-dumping"mode and the gob's three-dimensional spatial form after the deformation and failure.Thus the key of this technology lies in the design of the section coal pillar.According to the strength and instability criterion of the section coal pillar,it is determined that the width of k must satisfy the k>kZHcondition and meet the k>kSKcondition as much as possible.In a case study at the multi-section mining of steeply dipping seam in Gansu DONGXIA coal mine,the comparative analysis of the theoretical calculation and similar simulation experiment was carried out,and the mechanism of the pillar instability was verified.
引文
[1]伍永平.大倾角煤层开采“R-S-F”系统动力学控制基础研究[M].西安:陕西科学出版社,2006:1-23.
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[3]解盘石.大倾角煤层长壁开采覆岩结构及其稳定性研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2011:26-30.XIE Panshi. Response of overburden structure and its stabilityn around the longwall mining face area in steeply dipping seam[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2011:26-30.
[4]高玮,姜学云.条带开采中条带煤柱塑性区宽度分析[J].山西矿业学院学报,1997,15(2):142-147.GAO Wei,JIANG Xueyun. Analysis of width of plastic zone in left strip coal pillars by strip mining[J].Shanxi Mining Institute Learned Journal,1997,15(2):142-147.
[5]高玮.条带开采岩层移动机理浅析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2000,17(1):53-55.GAO Wei.Simple study on strata movement mechanism of strip mining[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2000,17(1):53-55.
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[7]魏峰远,陈俊杰,邹友峰.影响保护煤柱尺寸留设的因素及其变化规律[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,36(10):85-87.WEI Fengyuan,CHEN Junnjie,ZOU Youfeng. Influence factors and change law of protection coal pillars left[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2006,36(10):85-87.
[8]李小军,李怀珍,袁瑞甫.倾角变化对回采工作面区段煤柱应力分布的影响[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(8):1270-1274.LI Xiaojun,LI Huaizhen,YUAN Ruifu. Stress distribution influence on segment coal pillar at different dip angles of working face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(8):1270-1274.
[9]屠洪盛,屠世浩,白庆升,等.急倾斜煤层工作面区段煤柱失稳机理及合理尺寸[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):6-12.TU Hongsheng,TU Shihao,BAI Qingsheng,et al.Instability of a coal pillar section located at a steep mining face:Pillar size selection[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(1):6-12.
[10]伍永平,解盘石,任世广.大倾角煤层开采围岩空间非对称结构特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(2):182-184.WU Yongping,XIE Panshi,REN Shiguang. Analysisof asymmetric structure around coal face of steeply dip-ping seam mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(2):182-184.
[11]王金安,张基伟,高小明,等.大倾角厚煤层长壁综放开采基本顶破断模式及演化过程(Ⅰ)——初次破断[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1353-1360.WANG Jin’an,ZHANG Jiwei,GAO Xiaoming,et al. The fracture modeand evolution of main roof stratum above longwall fully mechanizedtop coal caving in steeply inclined thick coal seam(I)—initial fracture[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1353-1360.
[12]王金安,张基伟,高小明,等.大倾角厚煤层长壁综放开采基本顶破断模式及演化过程(Ⅱ)——周期破断[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1737-1745.WANG Jin’an,ZHANG Jiwei,GAO Xiaoming,et al.Fracture mode and evolution of main roof stratum above fully mechanized top coal caving longwall coalface in steeply inclined thick coal seam(II)—Periodic fracture[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1737-1745.
[13]龙驭球,包世华,匡文起,等.结构力学教程(I)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:315-384.
[14]罗生虎,伍永平,刘孔智,等.大倾角煤层长壁开采空间应力拱壳形态研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(12):2993-2998.LUO Shenghu,WU Yongping,LIU Kongzhi,et al. Study on the shape of the space stress arch shell in steeply dipping coal seam mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(12):2993-2998.
[15]解盘石,伍永平,王红伟,等.大倾角煤层长壁开采覆岩空间活动规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2012,40(9):1-5.XIE Panshi,WU Yongping,WANG Hongwei,et al. Study on space activity law of overburden strata above longwall coal mining face in high inclined seam[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2012,40(9):1-5.
[16]尹光志,李小双,郭文兵.大倾角煤层工作面采场围岩矿压分布规律光弹性模量拟模型试验及现场实测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(S1):3336-3343.YIN Guangzhi,LI Xiaoshuang,GUO Wenbing. Photo-elastic experi-mental and field measurement study of ground pressure of surrounding rock of large dip angle working coalface[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(S1):3336-3343.
[17]王红伟,伍永平,解盘石,等.大倾角煤层开采“关键域”转换与岩体结构平衡特征[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(10):1009-1014.WANG Hongwei,WU Yongping,XIE Panshi,et al. Critical zone conversion and rock structure balance characteristics in mining the steeply dipping seam[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2016,35(10):1009-1014.
[18]伍永平,解盘石,王红伟,等.大倾角煤层开采覆岩空间倾斜砌体结构[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(2):1252-1256.WU Yongping,XIE Panshi,WANG Hongwei,et al.Incline masonry structure around the coal face of steeply dipping seam mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(2):1252-1256.
[2]伍永平,刘孔智,贠东风,等.大倾角煤层安全高效开采技术研究进展[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1611-1618.WU Yongping,LIU Kongzhi,YUN Dongfeng,et al.Research progresson the safe and efficient mining technology of steeply dipping seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1611-1618.
[3]解盘石.大倾角煤层长壁开采覆岩结构及其稳定性研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2011:26-30.XIE Panshi. Response of overburden structure and its stabilityn around the longwall mining face area in steeply dipping seam[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2011:26-30.
[4]高玮,姜学云.条带开采中条带煤柱塑性区宽度分析[J].山西矿业学院学报,1997,15(2):142-147.GAO Wei,JIANG Xueyun. Analysis of width of plastic zone in left strip coal pillars by strip mining[J].Shanxi Mining Institute Learned Journal,1997,15(2):142-147.
[5]高玮.条带开采岩层移动机理浅析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2000,17(1):53-55.GAO Wei.Simple study on strata movement mechanism of strip mining[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2000,17(1):53-55.
[6]高玮.倾斜煤柱稳定性的弹塑性分析[J].力学与实践,2001,23(2):23-26.GAO Wei. The elastic-plastic analysis of stability of inclined coal pillar[J].Mechanics and Practice,2001,23(2):23-26.
[7]魏峰远,陈俊杰,邹友峰.影响保护煤柱尺寸留设的因素及其变化规律[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,36(10):85-87.WEI Fengyuan,CHEN Junnjie,ZOU Youfeng. Influence factors and change law of protection coal pillars left[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2006,36(10):85-87.
[8]李小军,李怀珍,袁瑞甫.倾角变化对回采工作面区段煤柱应力分布的影响[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(8):1270-1274.LI Xiaojun,LI Huaizhen,YUAN Ruifu. Stress distribution influence on segment coal pillar at different dip angles of working face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(8):1270-1274.
[9]屠洪盛,屠世浩,白庆升,等.急倾斜煤层工作面区段煤柱失稳机理及合理尺寸[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):6-12.TU Hongsheng,TU Shihao,BAI Qingsheng,et al.Instability of a coal pillar section located at a steep mining face:Pillar size selection[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(1):6-12.
[10]伍永平,解盘石,任世广.大倾角煤层开采围岩空间非对称结构特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(2):182-184.WU Yongping,XIE Panshi,REN Shiguang. Analysisof asymmetric structure around coal face of steeply dip-ping seam mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(2):182-184.
[11]王金安,张基伟,高小明,等.大倾角厚煤层长壁综放开采基本顶破断模式及演化过程(Ⅰ)——初次破断[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1353-1360.WANG Jin’an,ZHANG Jiwei,GAO Xiaoming,et al. The fracture modeand evolution of main roof stratum above longwall fully mechanizedtop coal caving in steeply inclined thick coal seam(I)—initial fracture[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1353-1360.
[12]王金安,张基伟,高小明,等.大倾角厚煤层长壁综放开采基本顶破断模式及演化过程(Ⅱ)——周期破断[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1737-1745.WANG Jin’an,ZHANG Jiwei,GAO Xiaoming,et al.Fracture mode and evolution of main roof stratum above fully mechanized top coal caving longwall coalface in steeply inclined thick coal seam(II)—Periodic fracture[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1737-1745.
[13]龙驭球,包世华,匡文起,等.结构力学教程(I)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:315-384.
[14]罗生虎,伍永平,刘孔智,等.大倾角煤层长壁开采空间应力拱壳形态研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(12):2993-2998.LUO Shenghu,WU Yongping,LIU Kongzhi,et al. Study on the shape of the space stress arch shell in steeply dipping coal seam mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(12):2993-2998.
[15]解盘石,伍永平,王红伟,等.大倾角煤层长壁开采覆岩空间活动规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2012,40(9):1-5.XIE Panshi,WU Yongping,WANG Hongwei,et al. Study on space activity law of overburden strata above longwall coal mining face in high inclined seam[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2012,40(9):1-5.
[16]尹光志,李小双,郭文兵.大倾角煤层工作面采场围岩矿压分布规律光弹性模量拟模型试验及现场实测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(S1):3336-3343.YIN Guangzhi,LI Xiaoshuang,GUO Wenbing. Photo-elastic experi-mental and field measurement study of ground pressure of surrounding rock of large dip angle working coalface[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(S1):3336-3343.
[17]王红伟,伍永平,解盘石,等.大倾角煤层开采“关键域”转换与岩体结构平衡特征[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(10):1009-1014.WANG Hongwei,WU Yongping,XIE Panshi,et al. Critical zone conversion and rock structure balance characteristics in mining the steeply dipping seam[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2016,35(10):1009-1014.
[18]伍永平,解盘石,王红伟,等.大倾角煤层开采覆岩空间倾斜砌体结构[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(2):1252-1256.WU Yongping,XIE Panshi,WANG Hongwei,et al.Incline masonry structure around the coal face of steeply dipping seam mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(2):1252-1256.
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