深部软岩巷道开槽卸压等效椭圆模型及模拟分析
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摘要
大量的工程实践表明,坚硬的岩石在深部也表现出流变特性.针对深部软岩巷道大变性、支护困难的问题,除了采用锚网索主动支护、U型钢或者钢管混凝土等被动支护技术外,开卸压槽是一种控制深部围岩变形的可行方法.本文建立了开槽卸压等效椭圆模型,分析了圆形巷道开槽前后的周边应力场变化规律,揭示了开槽卸压机理.采用FLAC3D模拟了多个开槽参数对直墙半圆拱巷道的影响规律并加以分析,得出了卸压槽开挖最优方案:卸压槽位于直墙上距底板高度为直墙高度为75.0%,深度为巷道宽度的62.5%,高度为直墙高度的15.0%.模拟结果得知基于该方案开槽卸压后,应力明显向深部转移,由于压力导致卸压槽闭合,因此垂直位移明显,而水平位移是原位移的38%,能较好地维护帮部稳定.
Many engineering practices indicate that the rheological proper appears in hard rock buried in deep coalmines.Aiming at solving the problem of large deformation and support difficulties in deep roadways,the traditional support technologies are anchor cable support,Ushaped steel support and concrete pipe support,without which the Destressing by Cutting Groove is also a feasible method to control rock deformation of deep buried roadways.In this paper,the equivalent elliptical model of Destressing by Cutting Groove is established to analyze the variation of surrounding stress filed of circular roadway after cutting groove,which reveals the mechanism of Destressing by Cutting Groove.The FLAC3 Dis used to analyze the influence of several slotting parameters on the roadway shaped semi-circular archway and the straight wall.The optimal parameters of the destressing groove are obtained:the location is at the level of 75.0% of the height of the roadway sidewall,the depth is 62.5% of the width of roadway and the height is 15.0%of the roadway sidewall's height.The simulation results show that af-ter the groove is relieved by the scheme,the stress is obviously shifted to the deep surrounding rock.The vertical displacement is obvious due to the closing of the pressure relief groove,and the horizontal displacement is 38% of the original displacement in this maintenance of the stability of the sidewall.
Many engineering practices indicate that the rheological proper appears in hard rock buried in deep coalmines.Aiming at solving the problem of large deformation and support difficulties in deep roadways,the traditional support technologies are anchor cable support,Ushaped steel support and concrete pipe support,without which the Destressing by Cutting Groove is also a feasible method to control rock deformation of deep buried roadways.In this paper,the equivalent elliptical model of Destressing by Cutting Groove is established to analyze the variation of surrounding stress filed of circular roadway after cutting groove,which reveals the mechanism of Destressing by Cutting Groove.The FLAC3 Dis used to analyze the influence of several slotting parameters on the roadway shaped semi-circular archway and the straight wall.The optimal parameters of the destressing groove are obtained:the location is at the level of 75.0% of the height of the roadway sidewall,the depth is 62.5% of the width of roadway and the height is 15.0%of the roadway sidewall's height.The simulation results show that af-ter the groove is relieved by the scheme,the stress is obviously shifted to the deep surrounding rock.The vertical displacement is obvious due to the closing of the pressure relief groove,and the horizontal displacement is 38% of the original displacement in this maintenance of the stability of the sidewall.
引文
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[5]KIDYBINSKI A,DUBINSKI J.Strata control in deep mines[M].Rotterdam:A A Balkema,1990:1-3.
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[9]何满潮,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:94-100.HE Manchao,JING Haihe,SUN Xiaoming.Soft rock engineering mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:94-100.
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[11]康红普.我国煤矿巷道锚杆支护技术发展60年及展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(6):1071-1081.KANG Hongpu.Sixty years development and prospects of rock bolting technology for underground coal mine roadways in China[J].Journal of China U-niversity of Mining&Technology,2016,45(6):1071-1081.
[12]冯豫.我国软岩巷道支护的研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1990,7(2):1-5.FENG Yu.Study of the supporting of soft-rock roadway in China[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1990,7(2):1-5.
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[15]董方庭,宋宏伟,郭志宏,等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(1):21-32.DONG Fangting,SONG Hongwei,GUO Zhihong,et al.Roadway support theory based on broken rock zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(1):21-32.
[16]左建平,魏旭,王军,等.深部巷道围岩梯度破坏机理及模型研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(3):478-485.ZUO Jianping,WEI Xu,WANG Jun,et al.Investigation of failure mechanism and model for rocks in deep roadway under stress gradient effect[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(3):478-485.
[17]左建平,孙运江,王金涛,等.大断面破碎巷道全空间桁架锚索协同支护研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(3):1-6.ZUO Jianping,SUN Yunjiang,WANG Jintao,et al.Study on whole space synergetic support of prestressed truss anchor cable in large section roadway with fracture rock mass[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(3):1-6.
[18]左建平,曹光明,孙运江,等.采矿围岩破坏力学与全空间协同控制实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:40-220.ZUO Jianping,CAO Guangming,Sun Yunjiang,et al.Surrounding rock failure mechanics of mining and practice of whole space synergetic support[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016:40-220.
[19]侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):342-345.HOU Chaojiong,GOU Panfeng.Mechanism study on strength enhancement for the rocks surrounding roadway supported by bolt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):342-345.
[20]张农,李桂臣,阚甲广.煤巷顶板软弱夹层层位对锚杆支护结构稳定性影响[J].岩土力学,2011,32(9):2753-2759.ZHANG Nong,LI Guichen,KAN Jiaguang.Influence of soft interlayer location in coal roof on stability of roadway bolting structure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(9):2753-2759.
[21]高明仕,窦林名,张农,等.冲击矿压巷道围岩控制的强弱强力学模型及其应用分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):359-364.GAO Mingshi,DOU Linming,ZHANG Nong,et al.Strong-soft-strong mechanical model for controlling roadway surrounding rock subjected to rock burst and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(2):359-364.
[22]高延法,王军,黄万朋,等.直墙半圆拱形钢管混凝土支架力学性能实验及应用[J].巷道建设,2014(1):6-12.GAO Yanfa,WANG Jun,HUANG Wanpeng,et al.Experiment on mechanical property of straight-wall semicircle-arch concrete-filled steel tube support and its application[J].Tunnel Construction,2014(1):6-12.
[23]高延法,王波,王军,等.深井软岩巷道钢管混凝土支护结构性能试验及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):2604-2609.GAO Yanfa,WANG Bo,WANG Jun,et al.Test on structural property and application of concrete-filled steel tube support of deep mine and soft rock roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Sup 1):2604-2609.
[24]朱万成,侯晨,刘溪鸽,等.圆形巷道两帮水平切槽对围岩卸压的数值分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(6):1462-1469.ZHU Wancheng,HOU Chen,LIU Xige,et al.Numerical simulation on de-stressing with horizontal groove at the two sidewalls around circular underground opening[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2015,11(6):1462-1469.
[25]柯昌松.井壁卸压槽的作用机理和工程实践[J].西部探矿工程,1997,9(2):36-38.KE Changsong.Mechanism of side-wall pressure-release trough and engineering practices[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,1997,9(2):36-38.
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