新型CF封孔材料膨胀及蠕变特性试验研究
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摘要
为了寻找新型矿用CF材料适宜的膨胀性能,对材料的膨胀和蠕变特性进行研究,分别利用压汞仪和DNS-200电子万能试验机等系统,对不同膨胀剂占比量水平下新型CF材料的孔隙发育、膨胀-时间效应、膨胀机理及蠕变特性进行了测试分析,并且根据分级加载结果选择Kelvin-Volgt模型对其参数规律进行了分析。结果表明:CF材料膨胀剂占比量水平增加至2.0%时,孔径范围为0.1～1μm和200μm左右内的孔隙发育明显;材料最终膨胀率Pc加速增大至11.5%的同时,快速膨胀时间和膨胀准备时间快速减小至18 min和12 min;随着加载位移量和恒载位移量急剧增大,蠕变模型参数E0,E1,η1反映出的抗压抗变形能力逐渐减弱。通过对试验结果的进一步分析,优化了CF材料的膨胀剂占比量,满足了井下封孔过程中对材料良好流动性和较高抗压抗变形能力的要求。
In order to explore the expansion mechanism and creep characteristics of the new CF sealing material, the pore growth, expansion-time effect, expansion mechanism and creep characteristics of this material containing different amount of expansion agent were analyzed through using the mercury porosimeter and DNS-200 electronic universal testing machine. Meanwhile, according to the grading loading results, the Kelvin-Volgt model was selected, and the law of parameters was analyzed. The experimental results show that pores with sizes of 0.1～1 μm and 200 μm obviously grow when the proportion of CF expansion agent increases to the level of 2.0%. While the material expansion rate Pc increases to 11.5%, the rapid expansion time and preparation time reduce to 18 min and 12 min, respectively. With the prompt increase in load displacement and constant load displacement, the capacity of compres sive strength and anti-deformation reflected by the creep model parameters E0, E1 and η1 gradually decrease. Through further analysis on test results, the optimal proportion of expansion agent for CF material is determined in this paper. Above optimal proportion could help to realize the good fluidity, high compressive strength and anti-deformation ability of sealing material for better borehole sealing performance.
In order to explore the expansion mechanism and creep characteristics of the new CF sealing material, the pore growth, expansion-time effect, expansion mechanism and creep characteristics of this material containing different amount of expansion agent were analyzed through using the mercury porosimeter and DNS-200 electronic universal testing machine. Meanwhile, according to the grading loading results, the Kelvin-Volgt model was selected, and the law of parameters was analyzed. The experimental results show that pores with sizes of 0.1～1 μm and 200 μm obviously grow when the proportion of CF expansion agent increases to the level of 2.0%. While the material expansion rate Pc increases to 11.5%, the rapid expansion time and preparation time reduce to 18 min and 12 min, respectively. With the prompt increase in load displacement and constant load displacement, the capacity of compres sive strength and anti-deformation reflected by the creep model parameters E0, E1 and η1 gradually decrease. Through further analysis on test results, the optimal proportion of expansion agent for CF material is determined in this paper. Above optimal proportion could help to realize the good fluidity, high compressive strength and anti-deformation ability of sealing material for better borehole sealing performance.
引文
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[17]何真,梁文泉,陈美祝,等.碱对水泥基材料早期收缩性能的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2004,32(10):1293-1298.HE Zhen,LIANG Wenquan,CHEN Meizhu,et al.Effect of alkalinity on early age shrinkage characteristic cement-based materials[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2004,32(10):1293-1298.
[18]高培伟,卢小琳,唐明述.膨胀剂对混凝土变形性能的影响[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2006,38(2):251-255.GAO Peiwei,LU Xiaolin,TANG Mingshu.Effects of different expansive agents on mass concrete deformation property[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2006,38(2):251-255.
[19]姜海强.低温环境下膏体材料流动与力学特性实验研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2016.
[20]MALHOTRA V M.Making concrete with fly ash[J].Concrete Inernational,2001,23(10):61-66.
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[22]BABFILL P F G.Rheology of fresh cement and concrete:proceedings of the international conference organized by the British Society of Rheology[M].UK:University of Liverpool,1990:16-29.
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[24]成艳英.本煤层钻孔瓦斯抽采失效机制及高效密封技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.
[25]张天军,尚宏波,李树刚,等.分级加载下破碎砂岩渗透特性试验及其稳定性分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(5):1129-1136.ZHANG Tianjun,SHANG Hongbo,LI Shugang,et al.Permeability characteristics of broken sandstone and its stability analysis under step loading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(5):1129-1136.
[26]何满朝,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:49-54.
[27]张云,薛禹群,施小清,等.饱和砂性土非线性蠕变模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(12):1869-1873.ZHANG Yun,XUE Yuqun,SHI Xiaoqing,et al.Experimental study on soil nonlinear creep model of saturated sand[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(12):1869-1873.
[28]冒海军,杨春和,刘江,等.板岩蠕变特性试验研究与模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1204-1209.MAO Haijun,YANG Chunhe,LIU Jiang,et al.Testing study and modeling analysis of creep behavior of slates[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(6):1204-1209.
[29]杨彩虹,王永岩,李剑光,等.含水率对岩石蠕变规律影响的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(7):695-699.YANG Caihong,WANG Yongyan,LI Jianguang,et al.Research moisture influence on rock creep law[J].Journal of Coal Science&Engineering,2007,32(7):695-699.
[30]朱合华,叶斌.饱水状态下隧道围岩蠕变力学性质的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(12):1791-1796.ZHU Hehua,YE Bin.Experimental study on mechanical properties of rock creep in saturation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(12):1791-1796.
[31]王振锋,周英,孙玉宁.新型瓦斯抽采钻孔注浆封孔方法及封堵机理[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(3):588-595.WANG Zhenfeng,ZHOU Ying,SUN Yuning.Novel gas extraction borehole grouting sealing method and sealing mechanism[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(3):588-595.
[2]国家安全生产监督管理总局,国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿安全规程[M].北京:煤体工业出版社,2009:8-11.
[3]NOACK K.Control of gas emissions in underground coal mine[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,1981,35:57-82.
[4]付建华,程远平.中国煤矿煤与瓦斯突出现状及防治对策[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(3):253-259.FU Jianhua,CHENG Yuanping.Situation of coal and gas outburst in China and control countermeasures[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(3):253-259.
[5]王兆丰,李杰,杨宏民,等.抽采钻孔密封失效的二次处理措施[J].煤矿安全,2012,43(5):86-88.WANG Zhaofeng,LI Jie,YANG Hongmin,et al.Are-treatment measure on failing hole sealing of gas drill hole[J].Coal Safety,2012,43(5):86-88.
[6]周福宝,孙玉宁,李海鉴,等.煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔密封理论模型与工程技术研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(3):433-439.ZHOU Fubao,SUN Yuning,LI Haijian,et al.Research on the theoretical model and engineering technology of the coal seam gas drainage hole sealing[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(3):433-439.
[7]张超,林柏泉,周延,等.本煤层近水平瓦斯抽采钻孔“强弱强”带压封孔技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(6):935-939.ZHANG Chao,LIN Baiquan,ZHOU Yan,et al.Strong-weak-strong borehole pressurized sealing technology for horizontal gas drainage borehole in mining seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(6):935-939.
[8]李敏.煤矿聚氨酯封孔的实验研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2011.
[9]宋吴兵,林柏泉,郝志勇,等.瓦斯抽采钻孔新型高水材料封孔性能的研究与应用[J].煤炭工程,2015,47(9):94-96.SONG Wubing,LIN Baiquan,HAO Zhiyong,et al.Research and application of new high water material sealing performance in gas drainage borehole[J].Coal Engineering,2015,47(9):94-96.
[10]翟成,向贤伟,余旭,等.瓦斯抽采钻孔柔性膏体封孔材料封孔性能研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(6):982-988.ZHAI Cheng,XIANG Xianwei,YU Xu,et al.Sealing performance of flexible gel sealing material of gas drainage borehole[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(6):982-988.
[11]孙文标,李红行,董新照,等.注浆封孔材料的性能及其膨胀机理研究[J].有色金属,2010,62(6):73-77.SUN Wenbiao,LI Honghang,DONG Xinzhao,et al.Properties and swelling mechanism of hole sealing material[J].Nonferrous Metals,2010,62(6):73-77.
[12]张超,李树刚,张天军,等.钻孔CF新型密封材料的孔隙结构特性研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2016,36(1):70-74.ZHANG Chao,LI Shugang,ZHANG Tianjun,et al.Pore structure characteristics of CF new type of sealing material for borehole[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2016,36(1):70-74.
[13]张天军,包若羽,李树刚,等.瓦斯抽采钻孔CF固化膨胀封孔材料性能研究[J].煤矿安全,2016,47(2):5-8.ZHANG Tianjun,BAO Ruoyu,LI Shugang,et al.Research on performance of CF solidification expansion sealing material properties for gas extraction drilling[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2016,47(2):5-8.
[14]BRUE F,DAVY C A,SKOCZYLAS F,et al.Effect of temperature on the water retention properties of two high performance concretes[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2012,42(2):384.
[15]杨洋,姚海林,陈守义.广西膨胀土的孔隙结构特性[J].岩土力学,2006,27(1):155-158.YANG Yang,YAO Hailin,CHEN Shouyi.Characteristics of microcosmic structure of Guangxi expansive soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(1):155-158.
[16]张先伟,孔令伟.常温、常压、常态的大气环境下黏性土微观孔隙的缓慢变异特性[J].中国科学:技术科学,2014,44(2):189-200.ZHANG Xianwei,KONG Lingwei.Research on variability characteristics of micropore of Zhanjiang clay under ambient temperature and pressure normal atmospheric[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2014,44(2):189-200.
[17]何真,梁文泉,陈美祝,等.碱对水泥基材料早期收缩性能的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2004,32(10):1293-1298.HE Zhen,LIANG Wenquan,CHEN Meizhu,et al.Effect of alkalinity on early age shrinkage characteristic cement-based materials[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2004,32(10):1293-1298.
[18]高培伟,卢小琳,唐明述.膨胀剂对混凝土变形性能的影响[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2006,38(2):251-255.GAO Peiwei,LU Xiaolin,TANG Mingshu.Effects of different expansive agents on mass concrete deformation property[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2006,38(2):251-255.
[19]姜海强.低温环境下膏体材料流动与力学特性实验研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2016.
[20]MALHOTRA V M.Making concrete with fly ash[J].Concrete Inernational,2001,23(10):61-66.
[21]MEHTA P K,MONTEIRO J M.Concrete microstructure properties and materials[M].McGraw-Hill Professional,2013.
[22]BABFILL P F G.Rheology of fresh cement and concrete:proceedings of the international conference organized by the British Society of Rheology[M].UK:University of Liverpool,1990:16-29.
[23]苗苗.胶凝材料组成和温度对补偿收缩混凝土变形性能的影响[D].北京:清华大学,2012.
[24]成艳英.本煤层钻孔瓦斯抽采失效机制及高效密封技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.
[25]张天军,尚宏波,李树刚,等.分级加载下破碎砂岩渗透特性试验及其稳定性分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(5):1129-1136.ZHANG Tianjun,SHANG Hongbo,LI Shugang,et al.Permeability characteristics of broken sandstone and its stability analysis under step loading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(5):1129-1136.
[26]何满朝,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:49-54.
[27]张云,薛禹群,施小清,等.饱和砂性土非线性蠕变模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(12):1869-1873.ZHANG Yun,XUE Yuqun,SHI Xiaoqing,et al.Experimental study on soil nonlinear creep model of saturated sand[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(12):1869-1873.
[28]冒海军,杨春和,刘江,等.板岩蠕变特性试验研究与模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1204-1209.MAO Haijun,YANG Chunhe,LIU Jiang,et al.Testing study and modeling analysis of creep behavior of slates[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(6):1204-1209.
[29]杨彩虹,王永岩,李剑光,等.含水率对岩石蠕变规律影响的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(7):695-699.YANG Caihong,WANG Yongyan,LI Jianguang,et al.Research moisture influence on rock creep law[J].Journal of Coal Science&Engineering,2007,32(7):695-699.
[30]朱合华,叶斌.饱水状态下隧道围岩蠕变力学性质的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(12):1791-1796.ZHU Hehua,YE Bin.Experimental study on mechanical properties of rock creep in saturation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(12):1791-1796.
[31]王振锋,周英,孙玉宁.新型瓦斯抽采钻孔注浆封孔方法及封堵机理[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(3):588-595.WANG Zhenfeng,ZHOU Ying,SUN Yuning.Novel gas extraction borehole grouting sealing method and sealing mechanism[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(3):588-595.
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