湖相细粒沉积岩纹层结构差异对可压裂性的影响
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摘要
细粒沉积岩纹层结构(如纹层发育程度、厚度大小、厚度差异性和连续度)是影响岩石力学性质以及裂缝扩展的内在因素。通过对中国东部中生代—新生代的湖相细粒沉积岩开展研究,以常规三轴实验和断裂韧性实验为基础,结合图像分析和处理技术,分析了不同纹层结构与岩石力学参数之间的对应关系,综合评价了湖相细粒沉积岩纹层结构差异对可压裂性的影响。研究表明,细粒沉积岩的可压裂性指数与纹层数量、连续度呈负相关,但与纹层厚度方差、颗粒垂向分布方差呈正相关。纹层发育且连续性强的细粒沉积岩,其塑性较强,压裂缝以沿纹层界面或塑性纹层(黏土纹层或有机质纹层)扩展为主,裂缝易再次闭合,从而导致岩石的可压裂性降低。纹层厚度差异性较大、颗粒垂向分布均匀度较高的细粒沉积岩,其脆性较高,在压裂过程中易形成复杂有效的网状缝,从而提高岩石的可压裂性。此外,细粒沉积岩组分、颗粒结构以及成岩作用对可压裂性也具有重要的控制作用。
Laminar structures of fine-grained sedimentary rocks(e.g.,laminar development degree,thickness,thickness difference and continuity)are intrinsic factors affecting the mechanical properties of rocks and crack propagation.Taking the Mesozoic-Cenozoic lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks of Eastern China as an example,the corresponding relationship between different laminar structures and mechanics parameters of rocks is analyzed based on the conventional triaxial test and fracture toughness experiment in combination with image analysis and processing technology.Meanwhile,this paper comprehensively evaluates the influence of the laminar structure difference of lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks on the fracability.The results show that the fracability index of fine-grained sedimentary rocks is negatively correlated with the quantity and continuity of laminae,while positively correlated with the laminar thickness variance and the vertical distribution variance of grains.The developed fine-grained sedimentary rocks with strong continuity show excellent plasticity.The compressive fractures are mainly extended along the lamina interface or the laminae with certain plasticity(e.g.,clay lamina or organic lamina),easy to close again in the fine-grained sedimentary rocks,thus reducing the fracability of rock.The fine-grained sedimentary rocks with large difference in thickness and high homogeneity of laminar vertical distribution have high brittleness,which is beneficial to the development of complex and effective mesh fractures in fracturing process,thus improving the fracability of rocks.In addition,the composition,particle texture and diagenesis of fine-grained sedimentary rocks also play an important role in controlling the fracability.
Laminar structures of fine-grained sedimentary rocks(e.g.,laminar development degree,thickness,thickness difference and continuity)are intrinsic factors affecting the mechanical properties of rocks and crack propagation.Taking the Mesozoic-Cenozoic lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks of Eastern China as an example,the corresponding relationship between different laminar structures and mechanics parameters of rocks is analyzed based on the conventional triaxial test and fracture toughness experiment in combination with image analysis and processing technology.Meanwhile,this paper comprehensively evaluates the influence of the laminar structure difference of lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks on the fracability.The results show that the fracability index of fine-grained sedimentary rocks is negatively correlated with the quantity and continuity of laminae,while positively correlated with the laminar thickness variance and the vertical distribution variance of grains.The developed fine-grained sedimentary rocks with strong continuity show excellent plasticity.The compressive fractures are mainly extended along the lamina interface or the laminae with certain plasticity(e.g.,clay lamina or organic lamina),easy to close again in the fine-grained sedimentary rocks,thus reducing the fracability of rock.The fine-grained sedimentary rocks with large difference in thickness and high homogeneity of laminar vertical distribution have high brittleness,which is beneficial to the development of complex and effective mesh fractures in fracturing process,thus improving the fracability of rocks.In addition,the composition,particle texture and diagenesis of fine-grained sedimentary rocks also play an important role in controlling the fracability.
引文
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