山西太原晋祠—兰村泉水复流的岩溶水文地质条件新认识
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摘要
晋祠泉和兰村泉是山西著名的岩溶大泉,受自然条件变化和人类活动的影响,两个泉于20世纪末相继断流。针对山西省政府提出的要使晋祠、兰村泉水复流的生态修复目标任务,文章在泉域水文地质调查基础上,就泉水复流密切相关的四个关键性岩溶水文地质条件问题开展研究并提出了新认识。核实了目前划定的晋祠—兰村泉域边界,依据最新资料对现行的晋祠、兰村泉域边界提出了7处修正,修改后晋祠泉域面积由2 030 km2变为2 713 km2,兰村泉域面积由2 500 km2变为2 614 km2。汾河二库在蓄水后库区的主体部分划归到晋祠泉域而非兰村泉域,其渗漏补给是造成近年来晋祠泉域区域岩溶地下水位大幅回升的主要原因。确定了晋祠泉域内盘道—马家山断裂带是一个岩溶水强富水带,也是岩溶地下水从北部中、上寒武统含水岩组向南部中奥陶统含水岩组的转换带。圈定了晋祠泉域:玉门河南峪村—杜儿平煤矿东侧—官地矿与白家庄矿交界处—龙山—明仙村东—晋祠泉的岩溶地下水强径流带。这些认识是开展晋祠—兰村泉域岩溶地下水资源评价、地下水开发管理和保护的基础,更是制定晋祠、兰村泉水复流方案的重要依据。
The Jinci spring and Lancun spring are the famous springs in Shanxi province.Due to the changes in natural conditions and the effect of human activities,hydrogeological conditions of the catchment area of the springs have changed,and they became zero-flow at the end of the last century.Based on the previous research results,current investigation and hydrogeological drilling data,new understanding of hydrogeological conditions of the groundwater systems of the Jinci spring and Lancun spring are put forward through analyses of the karst groundwater flow field.The boundaries of the groundwater systems of these two springs are corrected,with seven differences compared with the boundaries delimited by the Shanxi government.According to the latest boundary,the catchment area of the Jinci spring increases from 2 030 km2 to 2 713 km2 and that of theLancun spring increases from 2 500 km2 to 2 614 km2.The Fenhe reservoir,which used to belong to the Jinci spring system,has the leakage recharge to the Jinci spring system.This is one of the main causes of the increase in the karst groundwater levels in the Jinci spring spring.The Pandao-Majiashan fault zone is found to be a groundwater-enrichment region.It is also a transfer zone,in which the karst groundwater in the Cambrian aquifer flows to the Ordovician aquifer.The strong groundwater flow zone along the Nanyu-Duerping Coal-the junction of Guandi Coal and Baijiazhuang Coal-Chiqiao-Jinci Spring is also identified in the Jinci spring system.The results can provide a scientific basis for groundwater resources assessment and the reasonable exploration of the karst groundwater and the implementation of programs of reflow of the Jinci spring.
The Jinci spring and Lancun spring are the famous springs in Shanxi province.Due to the changes in natural conditions and the effect of human activities,hydrogeological conditions of the catchment area of the springs have changed,and they became zero-flow at the end of the last century.Based on the previous research results,current investigation and hydrogeological drilling data,new understanding of hydrogeological conditions of the groundwater systems of the Jinci spring and Lancun spring are put forward through analyses of the karst groundwater flow field.The boundaries of the groundwater systems of these two springs are corrected,with seven differences compared with the boundaries delimited by the Shanxi government.According to the latest boundary,the catchment area of the Jinci spring increases from 2 030 km2 to 2 713 km2 and that of theLancun spring increases from 2 500 km2 to 2 614 km2.The Fenhe reservoir,which used to belong to the Jinci spring system,has the leakage recharge to the Jinci spring system.This is one of the main causes of the increase in the karst groundwater levels in the Jinci spring spring.The Pandao-Majiashan fault zone is found to be a groundwater-enrichment region.It is also a transfer zone,in which the karst groundwater in the Cambrian aquifer flows to the Ordovician aquifer.The strong groundwater flow zone along the Nanyu-Duerping Coal-the junction of Guandi Coal and Baijiazhuang Coal-Chiqiao-Jinci Spring is also identified in the Jinci spring system.The results can provide a scientific basis for groundwater resources assessment and the reasonable exploration of the karst groundwater and the implementation of programs of reflow of the Jinci spring.
引文
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[21]山西省水利勘测设计院.山西省汾河二库初步设计报告[R].太原:山西省水利厅,1993.[Shanxi hydroelectric investigation and design enstitute.The second Fenhe reservoir preliminary design report[R].Taiyuan:Shanxi Provencial Department of Water Resources,1983.(in Chinese)]
[22]周永红.汾河二库蓄水至正常水位后对周边地下水影响分析[J].山西水利,2015(12):1-2.[ZHOUY H.Analysis of the Second Fenhe Resrevoir to karst groundwater around after the reservoir impounded[J].Shanxi Water Resources,2015(12):1-2.(in Chinese)]
[23]郭满金,郭磊.汾河二库环境地质问题[J].山西水利科技,1995(3):24-30.[GUO M J,GUO L.Environmental geological problems in the Fenhe Reservoir II[J].Shanxi Hydrotechnics,1995(3):24-30.(in Chinese)].
[23]郭芳芳,梁永平,王志恒,等.山西太原西山汾河二库的泉域归属及其渗漏量计算[J].中国岩溶,2018,37(3):228-238.[GUO F F,LIANG Y P,WANG Z H,et al.Attribution of spring fields and calculation of seepage of the second reservoir of Fenhe River in Xishan mountain,Taiyuan,Shanxi Province[J].Carsologica Sinica,2018,37(3):228-238(in Chinese)]
[24]金芳义,郑秀清,陈军锋,等.汾河二库蓄水对兰村水源地影响的数值模拟研究[J].地下水,2010,32(3):28-29.[JIN F Y,ZHENG X Q,CHEN J F,et al.Numerical simulation study on influence of lancun water sources after impoundment of second fenhe reservoir[J]Ground Water,2010,32(3):28-29.(in Chinese).(in Chinese)]
[25]山西地矿局第一水文队水文地质工程地质研究所.山西省娘子关泉域岩溶水资源评价及其开发利用科研报告[M].北京:地质出版社,1986.[First Hydrology Engineering Geological Team in Shanxi.Shanxi province Niangziguan karst water resources exploitation and utilization of scientific research evaluation report spring[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1986.(in Chinese)]
[26]韩行瑞,时坚.丹河岩溶水系统-中国北方岩溶水系统典型研究[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1994.[HAN X R,SHI J.Karst water system in Dan River-typical study of karst water system in northern China[M].Guilin:Guangxi Normal University Press,1994.(in Chinese)].
[2]韩冬梅,徐恒力,梁杏.北方岩溶大泉地下水系统的圈划:以太原盆地东西山地区为例[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2006,31(6):885-890.[HAN D M,XU H L,LIANG X.Demarcation of groundwater system of big karst spring:a case study of Eastern and Western mountain areas,Taiyuan Basin[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2006,31(6):885-890.(in Chinese)]
[3]黄皓莉.晋祠泉断流与地下水资源保护关系[J].中国煤田地质,2003,15(2):26-28.[HUANG HL.Stop flow of Jinci spring and protection of ground water resources[J].Coal Geology of China,2003,15(2):26-28.(in Chinese)]
[4]刘亚平.地下水超采对太原地区岩溶泉的影响分析[J].地下水,2005,27(2):110-111.[LIU Y P.Anslysis on influence of groundwater overdrawn to the karstic spring[J].Ground Water,2005,27(2):110-111.(in Chinese)]
[5]裴捍华,杨亲民,郭振中,等.山西岩溶水强径流带的成因类型及其水文地质特征[J].中国岩溶,2003,22(3):219-224.[PEI H H,YANG Q M,GUO Z Z,et al.Hydrogeologic characteristics and formation of strong seepage flow zones of karst water in Shanxi[J].Carsologica Sinica,2003,22(3):219-224.(in Chinese)]
[6]山西省地质勘查局.1∶20万太原幅区域水文地质普查报告[R].太原:山西省地质勘查局,1981.[Shanxi Provincial Geological Prospecting Bureau.Asurvey report on the regional hydrogeology of the 1∶20million Taiyuan[R].Taiyuan:Shanxi Provincial Geological Prospecting Bureau,1981.(in Chinese)]
[7]王贵喜,李海龙,高庆杰,等.山西省太原市地下水资源管理模型研究[R].太原:山西省地质勘查局,1990.[WANG G X,LI H L,GAO Q J,et al.Study on the model of groundwater resource management in Taiyuan,Shanxi[R].Taiyuan:Shanxi Provencial Geological Prospecting Bureau,1990.(in Chinese)]
[8]刘文修,袁学敏,沈可.山西省太原东西山岩溶水补排关系及岩溶水开发利用可行性研究[R].太原:山西省地质勘查局,1990.[LIU W X,YUAN X M,SHEN K.Study on the relationship between the water dissolving and drainage of the East and West Rocks and the feasibility of the exploitation and utilization of karst water in Taiyuan,Shanxi[R].Taiyuan:Shanxi Provencial Geological Prospecting Bureau,1990.(in Chinese)]
[9]黄中本,王发琨,李长义.太原地区煤矿岩溶水资源评价报告[R].太原:山西省煤炭地质局,1987.[HUANG Z B,WANG F K,LI C Y.Evaluation report on karst water resources of coal mine in Taiyuan[R].Taiyuan:Shanxi Provencial Coal Geological Bureau,1987.(in Chinese)]
[10]许贵森,哈承佑,王怀颖,等.山西太原西山裂隙岩溶地下水系统[J].中国地质科学院地质力学研究所所刊,1987:85-125.[XU G S,HA C Y,WANG H Y,et al.Karst fissure groundwater system in the western mountain,Taiyuan,Shanxi[J].Bulletin of the Institute of Geomechanics CAGS,1987:85-125.(in Chinese)]
[11]赵永贵,蔡祖煌.岩溶地下水系统的研究-以太原地为例[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.[ZHAO YG,CAI Z H.A study of karst groundwater system:a case of Taiyuan[M].Beijing:Science Press,1990.(in Chinese)]
[12]韩行瑞,鲁荣安,李庆松,等.岩溶水系统-山西岩溶大泉研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.[HAN X R,LU R A,LI Q S,et al.Karst groundwater system-Resarch on big springs in Shanxi[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993.(in Chinese)]
[13]鲁荣安,李录秀,严德美,等.山西省泉域分为及重点保护区[R].太原:山西省水利厅,1997.[LU RA,LI L X,YAN D M,et al.The spring area of Shanxi province is divided into and key protected areas[R].Taiyuan:Shanxi Provencial Department of Water Resources,1997.(in Chinese)]
[14]潘军峰,张江汀,梁永平.山西省岩溶泉域水资源保护[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.[PAN J F,ZHANG J T,LIANG Y P,et al.Karst groundwater protection in Shanxi province[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2008.(in Chinese)]
[15]梁永平,王维泰.中国北方岩溶水系统划分与系统特征[J].地球学报,2010,21(6):860-868.[LIANG Y P,WANG W T.The division and characteristics of karst water systems in Northern China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2010,21(6):860-868.(in Chinese)]
[16]梁永平,韩行瑞,王维泰,等.中国北方岩溶水环境问题与保护[M].北京:地质出版社,2013.[LIANG Y P,HAN X R,WANG W T,et al.The karst groundwater environmental and protection of Northern China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2013.(in Chinese)]
[17]王瑞久.太原西山的同位素水文地质[J].地质学报,1985(4):345-355.[WANG R J.Isotope hydrogeology of the west mountain,Taiyuan[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,1985(4):345-355.(in Chinese)]
[18]王怀颖,王瑞久.太原东山地下水的三种混合模式[J].地质评论,1988,34(5):448-456.[WANG HY,WANG R J.Three mixed patterns of the ground water of the east mountain in Taiyuan[J].Geological Review,1988,34(5):448-456.(in Chinese)]
[19]王怀颖,王瑞久.太原东山和西山岩溶地下水的对比[J].水文地质工程地质,1989,16(1):39-43.[WANG H Y,WANG R J.Comparison of karst groundwater in Dongshan and Xishan of Taiyuan[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geoloy,1989,16(1):39-43.(in Chinese)]
[20]王怀颖,王瑞久.太原东山岩溶地下水的补给[J].中国岩溶,1990,9(1):1-6.[WANG H Y,WANGR J.Recharge of karst groundwater in east mountain,Taiyuan[J].Carsologica Sinica,1990,9(1):1-6.(in Chinese)]
[21]山西省水利勘测设计院.山西省汾河二库初步设计报告[R].太原:山西省水利厅,1993.[Shanxi hydroelectric investigation and design enstitute.The second Fenhe reservoir preliminary design report[R].Taiyuan:Shanxi Provencial Department of Water Resources,1983.(in Chinese)]
[22]周永红.汾河二库蓄水至正常水位后对周边地下水影响分析[J].山西水利,2015(12):1-2.[ZHOUY H.Analysis of the Second Fenhe Resrevoir to karst groundwater around after the reservoir impounded[J].Shanxi Water Resources,2015(12):1-2.(in Chinese)]
[23]郭满金,郭磊.汾河二库环境地质问题[J].山西水利科技,1995(3):24-30.[GUO M J,GUO L.Environmental geological problems in the Fenhe Reservoir II[J].Shanxi Hydrotechnics,1995(3):24-30.(in Chinese)].
[23]郭芳芳,梁永平,王志恒,等.山西太原西山汾河二库的泉域归属及其渗漏量计算[J].中国岩溶,2018,37(3):228-238.[GUO F F,LIANG Y P,WANG Z H,et al.Attribution of spring fields and calculation of seepage of the second reservoir of Fenhe River in Xishan mountain,Taiyuan,Shanxi Province[J].Carsologica Sinica,2018,37(3):228-238(in Chinese)]
[24]金芳义,郑秀清,陈军锋,等.汾河二库蓄水对兰村水源地影响的数值模拟研究[J].地下水,2010,32(3):28-29.[JIN F Y,ZHENG X Q,CHEN J F,et al.Numerical simulation study on influence of lancun water sources after impoundment of second fenhe reservoir[J]Ground Water,2010,32(3):28-29.(in Chinese).(in Chinese)]
[25]山西地矿局第一水文队水文地质工程地质研究所.山西省娘子关泉域岩溶水资源评价及其开发利用科研报告[M].北京:地质出版社,1986.[First Hydrology Engineering Geological Team in Shanxi.Shanxi province Niangziguan karst water resources exploitation and utilization of scientific research evaluation report spring[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1986.(in Chinese)]
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