深海底质土-金属界面间黏附特性试验研究
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摘要
基于取样于太平洋C-C矿区(Clarion-Clipperton Zone)的深海底质土,采用美国INSTRON公司生产的5943型万能材料试验机,选用4种常用的海洋金属,自制金属模具,开展黏附特性试验,研究孔隙比、法向压力和加载速度等因素对深海底质土与金属界面间黏附特性的影响规律。并基于平行圆盘分离力的计算公式,建立了深海底质土-金属界面表层土黏附指数的计算公式。研究结果表明:随着土样孔隙比的增加,黏附力呈增加的趋势,增速先快后慢,最终趋于平缓。随着法向压力的增加,深海底质土与金属界面间的表层土黏附指数呈指数函数增加趋势。随着加载速度的增加,深海底质土与金属界面间的表层土黏附指数反而呈逐渐减小的趋势。4种金属中,铝合金5052和钛合金STi80对深海底质土表层土的黏附能力较弱。该研究结果为我国深海采矿系统的安全运行提供一定的理论依据。
Adhesion between deep-sea sediment and metal surface were studied using the deep-sea sediment collected from the Pacific C-C Zone(Clarion-Clipperton Zone), under different void ratios, normal pressures and loading speeds. A formula for calculating top soil adhesion index η_s between deep-sea sediment and metal surface is developed based on the calculation of separating force of parallel disc. This research selects four commonly used marine metals(aluminium alloy 5052, titanium TA2,titanium alloy TC4 and titanium alloy STi80). INSTRON 5943 universal testing machine was used for the adhesion tests. The results show that the adhesion force increases with a high growth rate, as the void ratio of soil sample increases. As the normal pressure increases, the topsoil adhesion index η_s increases exponentially. As the loading speed increases, the topsoil adhesion index η_s decreases gradually. And the adhesion between deep-sea sediment and 5052 or STi80 are weaker. The results provide an important theoretical basis for the safe of deep-sea mining in China.
Adhesion between deep-sea sediment and metal surface were studied using the deep-sea sediment collected from the Pacific C-C Zone(Clarion-Clipperton Zone), under different void ratios, normal pressures and loading speeds. A formula for calculating top soil adhesion index η_s between deep-sea sediment and metal surface is developed based on the calculation of separating force of parallel disc. This research selects four commonly used marine metals(aluminium alloy 5052, titanium TA2,titanium alloy TC4 and titanium alloy STi80). INSTRON 5943 universal testing machine was used for the adhesion tests. The results show that the adhesion force increases with a high growth rate, as the void ratio of soil sample increases. As the normal pressure increases, the topsoil adhesion index η_s increases exponentially. As the loading speed increases, the topsoil adhesion index η_s decreases gradually. And the adhesion between deep-sea sediment and 5052 or STi80 are weaker. The results provide an important theoretical basis for the safe of deep-sea mining in China.
引文
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[29]丛茜,杨晓东,柴雄梁,等.仿生柔性技术减少煤黏附的试验[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(3):209-210.CONG Qian,YANG Xiao-dong,CHAI Xiong-liang,et al.Experiment on reducing adhesion of coal by bionic flexible technology[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2007,38(3):209-210.
[30]FEINENDEGEN M,ZIEGLER M,SPAGNOLI G,et al.Evaluation of the clogging potential in mechanical tunnel driving with EPB-shield[C]//Proceedings of the 15th ECSMGE.Athens:IOS Press,2011:1633-1638.
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[2]LEE M,CHO S,CHOI J S,et al.Metamodel-based multidisciplinary design optimization of a deep-sea manganese nodules test miner[J].Journal of Applied Mathematics,2012,(1):1-16.
[3]MA Wen-bo,RAO Qiu-hua,LI Peng,et al.Shear creep parameters of simulative soil for deep-sea sediment[J].Journal of Central South University,2014,21(12):4682-4689.
[4]MA Wen-bo,RAO Qiu-hua,FENG Kang,et al.Experimental research on grouser traction of deep-sea mining machine[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2015,36(9):1243-1252.
[5]XU Feng,RAO Qiu-hua,ZHANG Jie,et al.Compression-shear coupling rheological constitutive model of the deep-sea sediment[J].Marine Georesources&Geotechnology,2018,36(3):288-296.
[6]马雯波,饶秋华,吴鸿云,等.深海稀软底质土宏观性能与显微结构分析[J].岩土力学,2014,35(6):1641-1646.MA Wen-bo,RAO Qiu-hua,WU Hong-yun,et al.Macroscopic properties and microstructure analyses of deep-sea sediment[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(6):1641-1646.
[7]马雯波,饶秋华,冯康,等.深海稀软底质模拟土三轴压缩蠕变模型的试验研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(12):4342-4347.MA Wen-bo,RAO Qiu-hua,FENG Kang,et al.Experimental study on triaxial compressive creep model of simulative soil for deep-sea sediment[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(12):4342-4347.
[8]吴鸿云.集矿机牵引性能若干影响因素研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2010.WU Hong-yun.Research on some factors on driving performance of seabed tracked vehicle on seabed soft sediments[D].Changsha:Central South University,2010.
[9]许焰,吴鸿云,左立标.履齿高度对集矿机牵引性能的影响及参数确定[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(11):68-74.XU Yan,WU Hong-yun,ZUO Li-biao.Influence of shoe tooth height of tracked vehicle on traction performance and its parameter determination[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(11):68-74.
[10]韩庆珏.深海履带式集矿机打滑及路径跟踪控制问题研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.HAN Qing-jue.Slip and path tracking control of the deep sea tracked miner[D].Changsha:Central South University,2014.
[11]CHOI J S,HONG S,CHI S B,et al.Probability distribution for the shear strength of seafloor sediment in the KR5 area for the development of manganese nodule miner[J].Ocean Engineering,2011,38(17):2033-2041.
[12]LEE T H,CHO S G,LEE M,et al.Robust optimization of test miner considering deep-sea environmental variables[C]//The Twenty-second International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference.[S.l.]:International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,2012.
[13]YAMAZAKI T.Impacts of up-coming deep-sea mining[M]//Engineering Earth.Netherlands:Springer,2011:275-295.
[14]LIU Shao-jun,HU Jian-hua,ZHANG Rui-qing,et al.Development of mining technology and equipment for seafloor massive sulfide deposits[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,29(5):863-870.
[15]KNODT S,KLEINEN T,DORNIEDEN C,et al.Development and engineering of offshore mining systems-State of the art and future perspectives[C]//Offshore Technology Conference.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2016.
[16]英德比岑A L.深海沉积物物理及工程性质[M].梁元博,李粹中,卢博译.北京:海洋出版社,1981.INDERBITZEN A L.Deep-sea sediments:Physical and mechanical properties[M].Translated by LIANG Yuan-bo,LI Cui-zhong,LU Bo.Beijing:China Ocean Press,1981.
[17]吴鸿云,陈新明,高宇清.西矿区深海稀软底质剪切强度和贯入阻力原位测试[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(5):1801-1806.WU Hong-yun,CHEN Xin-ming,GAO Yu-qing.In-situ shearing strength and penetration resistance testing of soft seabed sediments in western mining area[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2010,41(5):1801-1806.
[18]李力,李庶林.深海表层海泥模拟及地面力学特性研究[J].工程力学,2010,27(11):213-220.LI Li,LI Shu-lin.Simulation and mechanical characteristics of terramechanics of the surface soil on deep-sea bed[J].Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(11):213-220.
[19]王进,朱泽奇,陈健,等.海相沉积软土的自钻式旁压试验及原位力学特性[J].岩土力学,2017,38(增刊1):195-202.WANG Jin,ZHU Ze-qi,CHEN Jian,et al.Study of in-situ mechanical properties of littoral deposit soft soil by self-boring pressuremeter[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(Supp.1):195-202.
[20]LEE C,YUN T S,LEE J S,et al.Geotechnical characterization of marine sediments in the Ulleung Basin,East Sea[J].Engineering Geology,2011,117(1-2):151-158.
[21]BRANDES H G.Geotechnical characteristics of deep-sea sediments from the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans[J].Ocean Engineering,2011,38(7):835-848.
[22]孙凯,陈正林,路德春.一种考虑黏聚强度的改良土弹塑性本构模型[J].岩土力学,2018,39(5):1589-1597.SUN Kai,CHEN Zheng-lin,LU De-chun.An elastoplastic constitutive model incorporating cementation effect of stabilizer-treated soils[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(5):1589-1597.
[23]任露泉.土壤黏附力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011.REN Lu-quan.Soil adhesion mechanics[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2011.
[24]任露泉.地面机械脱附减阻仿生研究进展[J].中国科学:E辑技术科学,2008,38(9):1353-1364.REN Lu-quan.Advances in research on ground mechanical desorption based on bionics[J].Science China:Series E Technological Sciences,2008,38(9):1353-1364.
[25]吴鸿云,陈新明,刘少军,等.履带板、齿间黏附底质对集矿机附着性能的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(10):140-145.WU Hong-yun,CHEN Xin-ming,LIU Shao-jun,et al.Influence of soft sediment adhered to track on adhesion performance of seabed track vehicle[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(10):140-145.
[26]李建桥,任露泉.犁壁材料表面特性与土壤黏附间的关系[J].农业工程学报,1996,12(2):45-48.LI Jian-qiao,REN Lu-quan.Study on surface characteristics of materials of plough mouldboard and their effects on soil adhesion[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,1996,12(2):45-48.
[27]李建桥,蒋蔓,李月潭.钢铁的表面电位及其土壤黏附特性[J].农业工程学报,1997,13(2):42-45.LI Jian-qiao,JIANG Man,LI Yue-tan.The relationship between soil adhesion and surface potential of steel[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,1997,13(2):42-45.
[28]刘朝宗,任露泉.超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)及其复合材料的土壤黏附[J].农业工程学报,1998,14(4):37-41.LIU Chao-zong,REN Lu-quan.Soil adhesion of UHMWPE and its composite materials[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,1998,14(4):37-41.
[29]丛茜,杨晓东,柴雄梁,等.仿生柔性技术减少煤黏附的试验[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(3):209-210.CONG Qian,YANG Xiao-dong,CHAI Xiong-liang,et al.Experiment on reducing adhesion of coal by bionic flexible technology[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2007,38(3):209-210.
[30]FEINENDEGEN M,ZIEGLER M,SPAGNOLI G,et al.Evaluation of the clogging potential in mechanical tunnel driving with EPB-shield[C]//Proceedings of the 15th ECSMGE.Athens:IOS Press,2011:1633-1638.
[31]AZADEGAN B,MASSAH J.Effect of temperature on adhesion of clay soil to steel[J].Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova,2012,45(2):21-27.
[32]BASMENJ A K,MIRJAVAN A,GHAFOORI M,et al.Assessment of the adhesion potential of kaolinite and montmorillonite using a pull-out test device[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2017,76(4):1507-1519.
[33]贾贤,任露泉.土壤对固体材料黏附力的理论分析[J].农业工程学报,1995,11(4):5-9.JIA Xian,REN Lu-quan.Theoretical analysis of adhesion force of soil to solid materials[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,1995,11(4):5-9.
[34]卢韶芳,石要武.土壤-金属界面水膜黏附规律的试验研究[J].农业机械学报,1999,30(2):1-6.LU Shao-fang,SHI Yao-wu.Experimental research on adhesive pattern of interfacial water film between soil and metal surface[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1999,30(2):1-6.
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