日粮补充脂肪酸钙对泌乳早期奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标及激素浓度的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究日粮补充脂肪酸钙对泌乳早期奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标及激素浓度的影响。选择30头泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛,随机均分为3组,每组10头,每头为1个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮上添加200 g/d和400 g/d脂肪酸钙。试验期8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,200 g/d和400 g/d脂肪酸钙组显著提高泌乳量、标准乳产量、产奶效率、乳脂率、葡萄糖、胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)(P<0.05),显著降低游离脂肪酸、乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、胰高血糖素和瘦素浓度(P<0.05),200 g/d和400 g/d脂肪酸钙组间泌乳量、标准乳产量、料乳比、乳脂率、乳糖、乳蛋白、乳非脂固形物率、血清葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸、乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、胰岛素、IGF-1、胰高血糖素和瘦素浓度差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,日粮添加200 g/d和400 g/d脂肪酸钙通过调节泌乳早期奶牛体内激素浓度,降低血清酮体生成,调节体内能量代谢,提高泌乳量和产奶效率,改善乳品质。
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary supplement fatty acid calcium on lactation performance, blood biochemical parameters and hormone concentrations in early lactation cows. A total of 30 early Holstein cows were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 heads in each group, each with a repeat. Control group was fed with basal diet, and 200 g/d and 400 g/d calcium fatty acid were added on basal diet, respectively. The test period is 8 weeks. The results showed that: compared with control group, 200 g/d and 400 g/d fatty acid calcium significantly increased milk yield, milk yield, milk production efficiency, milk fat percentage, glucose, insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)(P<0.05), 200 g/d and 400 g/d fatty acid calcium significantly decreased free fatty acids, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucagon and leptin concentration(P<0.05). There were no significant difference in milk yield, standard milk yield, feed/milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein, lactose, milk NFS percentage, serum glucose, free fatty acids, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyric acid, insulin, IGF-1, glucagon and leptin concentration between 200 g/d and 400 g/d fatty acid calcium(P>0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation of 200 g/d and 400 g/d fatty acid calcium by adjusting the hormone concentration, reduce serum ketoplasia, adjust the energy metabolism in early lactation dairy cows, improve milk yield and milk production efficiency, also improve milk quality.
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary supplement fatty acid calcium on lactation performance, blood biochemical parameters and hormone concentrations in early lactation cows. A total of 30 early Holstein cows were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 heads in each group, each with a repeat. Control group was fed with basal diet, and 200 g/d and 400 g/d calcium fatty acid were added on basal diet, respectively. The test period is 8 weeks. The results showed that: compared with control group, 200 g/d and 400 g/d fatty acid calcium significantly increased milk yield, milk yield, milk production efficiency, milk fat percentage, glucose, insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)(P<0.05), 200 g/d and 400 g/d fatty acid calcium significantly decreased free fatty acids, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucagon and leptin concentration(P<0.05). There were no significant difference in milk yield, standard milk yield, feed/milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein, lactose, milk NFS percentage, serum glucose, free fatty acids, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyric acid, insulin, IGF-1, glucagon and leptin concentration between 200 g/d and 400 g/d fatty acid calcium(P>0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation of 200 g/d and 400 g/d fatty acid calcium by adjusting the hormone concentration, reduce serum ketoplasia, adjust the energy metabolism in early lactation dairy cows, improve milk yield and milk production efficiency, also improve milk quality.
引文
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[16]Rhodes C J,White M F.Molecular insights into insulin action and secretion[J].Eur J Clin Invest,2002,32:3-13.
[17]Nawathe A R,Christian M,Kim S H,et al.Insulin-like growth factor axis in pregnancies affected by fetal growth disorders[J].Clin Epigenetics,2016,8(1):1-13.
[18]Hernández H,Flores J A,Delgadillo J A,et al.Effects of exposure to artificial long days on milk yield,maternal insulin‐like growth factor 1 levels and kid growth rate in subtropical goats[J].Anim Sci J,2016,87(4):484-491.
[19]Madsbad S.The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 impairment in obesity and potential therapeutic implications[J].Diabetes Obes Metab,2014,16(1):9-21.
[20]Ehrhardt R A,Foskolos A,Giesy S L,et al.Increased plasma leptin attenuates adaptive metabolism in early lactating dairy cows[J].J Endocrinol,2016,229(2):145-157.
[2]Esposito G,Irons P C,Webb E C,et al.Interactions between negative energy balance,metabolic diseases,uterine health and immune response in transition dairy cows[J].Anim Reprod Sci,2014,144(3):60-71.
[3]De Vries M J,Veerkamp R F.Energy balance of dairy cattle in relation to milk production variables and fertility[J].J Dairy Sci,2000,83(1):62-69.
[4]徐晓燕,王加启,卜登攀,等.日粮添加不同来源脂肪酸对奶牛脂质代谢及激素水平的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2012,27(3):71-75.
[5]Caldari-Torres C,Lock A L,Staples C R,et al.Performance,metabolic,and endocrine responses of periparturient Holstein cows fed 3 sources of fat[J].J Dairy Sci,2011,94(3):1500-1510.
[6]刘艳琴,高洁.泌乳早期奶牛日粮中添加脂肪酸钙对乳成分的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2000,36(5):38-39.
[7]张磊,王政,鲍金柱,等.高能饲料添加剂脂肪酸钙[J].畜禽业,2001(1):46-47.
[8]NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle:2001[M].Washington D C:National Academies Press,2001.
[9]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[10]de Souza J,Batistel F,Santos F A P.Effect of sources of calcium salts of fatty acids on production,nutrient digestibility,energy balance,and carryover effects of early lactation grazing dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2017,100(2):1072-1085.
[11]Chilliard Y,Ferlay A,Mansbridge R M,et al.Ruminant milk fat plasticity:nutritional control of saturated,polyunsaturated,trans and conjugated fatty acids[J].EDP Sci,2000,49(3):181-205.
[12]莫放,王光文,范占炼,等.保护脂肪在奶牛生产中的应用[J].乳业科学与技术,2001,27(1):29-30.
[13]刘艳琴,李建国,江富华.泌乳早期奶牛日粮中添加脂肪酸钙对脂肪代谢影响的研究[J].中国奶牛,2001(3):18-19.
[14]Abeni F,Calamari L,Stefanini L.Metabolic conditions of lactating Friesian cows during the hot season in the Po valley.1.Blood indicators of heat stress[J].Int J Biometeorol,2007,52(2):87-96.
[15]Fu Z,R Gilbert E,Liu D.Regulation of insulin synthesis and secretion and pancreatic Beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes[J].Curr Diabetes Rev,2013,9(1):25-53.
[16]Rhodes C J,White M F.Molecular insights into insulin action and secretion[J].Eur J Clin Invest,2002,32:3-13.
[17]Nawathe A R,Christian M,Kim S H,et al.Insulin-like growth factor axis in pregnancies affected by fetal growth disorders[J].Clin Epigenetics,2016,8(1):1-13.
[18]Hernández H,Flores J A,Delgadillo J A,et al.Effects of exposure to artificial long days on milk yield,maternal insulin‐like growth factor 1 levels and kid growth rate in subtropical goats[J].Anim Sci J,2016,87(4):484-491.
[19]Madsbad S.The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 impairment in obesity and potential therapeutic implications[J].Diabetes Obes Metab,2014,16(1):9-21.
[20]Ehrhardt R A,Foskolos A,Giesy S L,et al.Increased plasma leptin attenuates adaptive metabolism in early lactating dairy cows[J].J Endocrinol,2016,229(2):145-157.
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