1-MCP处理对早晚熟枇杷鲜果采后生理效应的影响
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摘要
目的研究气调保鲜包装结合1-甲基环丙烯(1-Methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)处理对枇杷采后生理效应的影响。方法以早晚熟"白玉"、"丰玉"枇杷为实验材料,采用1-甲基环丙烯对其进行处理,再使用气调保鲜包装(厚度35μm),将其在冷藏温度为(6±1)℃的条件下贮藏,观察其采后生理变化特性及不同品种之间的贮藏性能差异。结果 1-MCP处理可抑制枇杷果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量的下降,延缓枇杷的褐变、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)活性的上升,减少枇杷的腐烂率,促进枇杷果实多酚氧化酶活性(Polyphenoloxidase,PPO)、脂氧合酶(Lipoxygenase,LOX)活性的下降。枇杷品种白玉的呼吸速率、POD、PPO活性及褐变指数较丰玉高,LOX活性和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量增加明显,其硬度和营养成分含量较低;丰玉的腐烂率高于白玉。结论采用气调保鲜包装结合1-MCP处理延缓了枇杷在冷藏过程中营养物质的下降,进而延迟了枇杷褐变和衰老进程。其中早熟品种白玉枇杷的褐变发生率和膜脂过氧化程度更高。
The work aims to study the effects of modified atmosphere fresh-keeping packaging combined with 1-Methylcyclopropene(1-MCP) treatment on postharvest physiology of loquat fruits. The early and late-maturing varieties of "Baiyu" and "Fengyu" loquat fruits were selected as experimental materials, treated with 1-MCP and then stored at(6±1) ℃in modified atmosphere fresh-keeping packaging(thickness: 35 μm). The postharvest physiological characteristics and the difference in storage performances among different varieties were observed. The results showed that, the decrease of fruit hardness, soluble solids and titratable acid content could be inhibited, the browning of loquat and increase of peroxidase(POD) activity could be delayed, the rot rate of loquat could be reduced, and the decline of the activity of polyphenoloxidase(PPO) and Lipoxygenase(LOX) in loquat fruits was promoted with 1-MCP treatment. The respiration rate, POD and PPO activity and browning index of Baiyu loquat were higher, LOX activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content increased significantly, and its hardness and nutrient content were lower than those of Fengyu. The rot rate of Fengyu loquat was higher than Baiyu. The modified atmosphere fresh-keeping packaging combined with 1-MCP treatment postpones the decline of nutrients and then delays the browning and senescence process of loquat during cold storage. The browning rate and membrane lipid peroxidation degree of early-maturing variety of Baiyu loquat were higher.
The work aims to study the effects of modified atmosphere fresh-keeping packaging combined with 1-Methylcyclopropene(1-MCP) treatment on postharvest physiology of loquat fruits. The early and late-maturing varieties of "Baiyu" and "Fengyu" loquat fruits were selected as experimental materials, treated with 1-MCP and then stored at(6±1) ℃in modified atmosphere fresh-keeping packaging(thickness: 35 μm). The postharvest physiological characteristics and the difference in storage performances among different varieties were observed. The results showed that, the decrease of fruit hardness, soluble solids and titratable acid content could be inhibited, the browning of loquat and increase of peroxidase(POD) activity could be delayed, the rot rate of loquat could be reduced, and the decline of the activity of polyphenoloxidase(PPO) and Lipoxygenase(LOX) in loquat fruits was promoted with 1-MCP treatment. The respiration rate, POD and PPO activity and browning index of Baiyu loquat were higher, LOX activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content increased significantly, and its hardness and nutrient content were lower than those of Fengyu. The rot rate of Fengyu loquat was higher than Baiyu. The modified atmosphere fresh-keeping packaging combined with 1-MCP treatment postpones the decline of nutrients and then delays the browning and senescence process of loquat during cold storage. The browning rate and membrane lipid peroxidation degree of early-maturing variety of Baiyu loquat were higher.
引文
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[13]李文文,吴光斌,陈发河.秋水仙碱处理对采后莲雾果实在冷藏期间品质、活性氧代谢和能量代谢的影响[J].食品科学,2016,37(16):272-279.LI Wen-wen,WU Guang-bin,CHEN Fa-he.Effects of Inducer Treatment on Physiological Quality,Active Oxygen and Energy Metabolism of Postharvest Wax Apples during Cold Storage[J].Food Science,2016,37(16):272-279.
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[15]王瑞庆,冯建华,魏雯雯,等.1-MCP处理和气调包装对枸杞鲜果低温贮藏品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(19):287-292.WANG Rui-qing,FENG Jian-hua,WEI Wen-wen,et al.Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Quality Retention during Cold-temperature Storage of Lycium Barbarum Fruit[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(19):287-292.
[16]CAO S F,YANG Z F,ZHENG Y H.Sugar Metabolism in Relation to Chilling Tolerance of Loquat Fruit[J].Food Chemistry,2013,136:139-143.
[17]陈学玲,张莉会,严守雷,等.包装材料对鲜切西兰花贮藏品质的影响[J].食品科学,2018,39(13):246-250.CHEN Xue-ling,ZHANG Li-hui,YAN Shou-lei,et al.Effects of Packaging Materials on Storage Quality of Fresh-cut Broccoli[J].Food Science,2018,39(13):246-250.
[18]俞静芬,尚海涛,凌建刚,等.1-MCP结合微孔保鲜膜对猕猴桃出库货架期品质影响研究[J].农产品加工,2018(2):4-5.YU Jing-fen,SHANG Hai-tao,LING Jian-gang,et al.1-MCP Combined with Microporous Preservative Film Influence on Kiwifruit Storage Shelf Quality[J].Farm Products Processing,2018(2):4-5.
[19]何近刚,冯云霄,程玉豆,等.采后1-MCP和MAP处理对“红富士”苹果冷藏和货架期品质的影响[J].食品科学,2016,37(22):301-306.HE Jin-gang,FENG Yun-xiao,CHENG Yu-dou,et al.Effects of Postharvest 1-MCP and MAP Treatments on Physiological Characteristics and Quality of''Fuji''Apple during Cold Storage and Subsequent Shelf Life[J].Food Science,2016,37(22):301-306.
[20]姚亚明,任月月,刘芮,等.1-MCP处理结合纳米包装对金针菇贮藏品质的影响[J].食品科学,2016,37(22):295-300.YAO Ya-ming,REN Yue-yue,LIU Rui,et al.Effect of1-MCP Treatment Combined with Nano-packaging on the Quality of Flammulina Velutipes[J].Food Science,2016,37(22):295-300.
[21]陈文烜,郜海燕,陈杭君,等.1-MCP结合减压贮藏对翠冠梨采后生理和品质的影响[J].中国食品学报,2010,10(4):227-232.CHEN Wen-xuan,GAO Hai-yan,CHEN Hang-jun,et al.Effects of 1-MCP Treatment Combined with Hypobaric Storage on Postharvest Physiology and Quality of Cuiguan Pear[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2010,10(4):227-232.
[22]许丽敏,韩艳文,姜微波,等.D-VCNa结合1-MCP对杏梅贮藏品质及特性的影响[J].包装工程,2018,39(15):28-34.XU Li-min,HAN Yan-wen,JIANG Wei-bo,et al.Effects of D-VCNa Combined with 1-MCP Treatment on Storage Quality and Characteristics of Apricot Fruit[J].Packaging Engineering,2018,39(15):28-34.
[23]郭园园,鲁晓翔,李江阔,等.1-MCP处理复合薄膜包装对青皮鲜核桃采后品质的影响[J].食品科学,2014,35(10):252-257.GUO Yuan-yuan,LU Xiao-xiang,LI Jiang-kuo,et al.Effects of 1-MCP and Film Packaging Treatments on Postharvest Quality of Green Walnuts[J].Food Science,2014,35(10):252-257.
[24]SUKHVINDER P S,ZORA S.Postharvest Oxidative Behaviour of 1-methylcyclopropene Treated Japanese Plums(Prunus Salicina Lindell)during Storage under Controlled and Modified Atmospheres[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2012,74(3):26-35.
[25]吴敏,陈昆松,张上隆.桃果实采后成熟过程中脂氧合酶活性变化[J].园艺学报,1999,26(4):227-231.WU Min,CHEN Kun-song,ZHANG Shang-long.Involvement of Lipoxygenase in the Postharvest Ripening of Peach Fruit[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1999,26(4):227-231.
[26]SONG H W,YUAN W M,JIN P,et al.Effects of Chitosan/Nano-silica on Postharvest Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Loquat Fruit during Cold Storage[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2016,136:139-143.
[27]吴小华,颉敏华,王宝春,等.1-MCP对冷藏花牛苹果生理活性及香气合成相关酶活性的影响[J].甘肃农业科技,2018(2):1-5.WU Xiao-hua,XIE Min-hua,WANG Bao-chun,et al.Effects of 1-MCP on Physiological Activity and Enzyme Activity Related to Aroma Components of Huaniu Apples during Cold Storage[J].Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology,2018(2):1-5.
[2]朱裕忠,周坤杰,席为君.枇杷品种丰玉和白玉丰产性对比分析[J].园艺与种苗,2014(8):6-7.ZHU Yu-zhong,ZHOU Kun-jie,XI Wei-jun.Comparative Analtsis on High Yield Characteristics of Loquat Varieties Fengyu and Baiyu[J].Horticulture&Seed,2014(8):6-7.
[3]PORAT R,WEISS B,COHEN L,et al.Effects of Ethylene and 1-Methylcyclopropene on the Postharvest Qualities of"Shamouti"Oranges[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,1999,15:155-163.
[4]庞学群,张昭其,段学武,等.乙烯与1-甲基环丙烯对荔枝采后果皮褐变的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2001,22(4):11-14.PANG Xue-qun,ZHANG Zhao-qi,DUAN Xue-wu,et al.The Effects of Ethylene and 1-Methycyclopropene on Pericarp Browning of Postharvest Lychee Fruit[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2001,22(4):11-14.
[5]CAO S F,ZHENG Y H,WANG K T,et al.Effect of1-methylcyclopropene Treatment on Chilling Injury,Fatty Acid and Cell Wall Polysaccharide Composition in Loquat Fruit[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2009,57(18):843-8443.
[6]王宝亮,王志华,王孝娣,等.1-MCP对巨峰葡萄贮藏效果研究[J].中国果树,2013(3):45-47.WANG Bao-liang,WANG Zhi-hua,WANG Xiao-di,et al.Study on Storage Effect of 1-MCP on Kyoho Grape[J].China Fruits,2013(3):45-47.
[7]关筱歆.1-MCP结合ClO2对鲜食葡萄冰温保鲜效果及衰老生理的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.GUAN Xiao-xin.Study of 1-MCP+ClO2 on Controlled Freezing-point Storage Preservation Technology and Aging Regulatory Mechanism of the Table Grape[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2012.
[8]张鹏,邵丹,李江阔,等.1-MCP对硬肉型葡萄货架期间品质及挥发性物质的影响[J].中国食品学报,2018,18(4):219-227.ZHANG Peng,SHAO Dan,LI Jiang-kuo,et al.Effects of 1-MCP on Quality and Volatile Components of Hard Meat-type Grapes during Shelf Life[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2018,18(4):219-227.
[9]马佳佳,隋思瑶,丁青青,等.低O2高CO2对常温贮藏白玉枇杷品质及活性氧代谢的影响[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2018,9(5):1089-1096.MA Jia-jia,SUI Si-yao,DING Qing-qing,et al.Effect of Lower O2 Higher CO2 Gas Component on Qualities and Active Oxygen Metabolism of Baiyu Loquat Stored at Room Temperature[J].Journal of Food Safety and Quality,2018,9(5):1089-1096.
[10]杨松夏,吕恩利,陆华忠,等.不同保鲜运输方式对荔枝果实品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(10):225-232.YANG Song-xia,LYU En-li,Lu Hua-zhong,et al.Effects of Different Fresh-keeping Transportation Modes on Quality of Litchi Fruit[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(10):225-232.
[11]孙正烜,陈惠云,杨虎清,等.纳米乳涂膜和1-甲基环丙烯处理对枇杷果实保鲜效果的影响[J].食品科学,39(23):257-262.SUN Zheng-xuan,CHEN Hui-yun,YANG Hu-qing,et al.Effect of Nanoemulsion Coatings and 1-MCP on Retain Quality of Loquat Fruit[J].Food Science,39(23):257-262.
[12]邓雨艳,明建,张昭其,等.壳聚糖诱导脐橙果实抗病性、水杨酸及活性氧代谢变化[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(4):812-820.DENG Yu-yan,MING Jian,ZHANG Zhao-qi,et al.Effect of Chitosan on Salicylic Acid and Active Oxygen Metabolism of Navel Orange Fruit[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(4):812-820.
[13]李文文,吴光斌,陈发河.秋水仙碱处理对采后莲雾果实在冷藏期间品质、活性氧代谢和能量代谢的影响[J].食品科学,2016,37(16):272-279.LI Wen-wen,WU Guang-bin,CHEN Fa-he.Effects of Inducer Treatment on Physiological Quality,Active Oxygen and Energy Metabolism of Postharvest Wax Apples during Cold Storage[J].Food Science,2016,37(16):272-279.
[14]陈昆松,徐昌杰,许文平,等.猕猴桃和桃果实脂氧合酶活性测定方法的建立[J].果树学报,2003,20(6):436-438.CHEN Kun-song,XU Chang-jie,XU Wen-ping,et al.Improved Method for Detecting Lipoxygenase Activity from Kiwifruit and Peach Fruit[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2003,20(6):436-438.
[15]王瑞庆,冯建华,魏雯雯,等.1-MCP处理和气调包装对枸杞鲜果低温贮藏品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(19):287-292.WANG Rui-qing,FENG Jian-hua,WEI Wen-wen,et al.Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Quality Retention during Cold-temperature Storage of Lycium Barbarum Fruit[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(19):287-292.
[16]CAO S F,YANG Z F,ZHENG Y H.Sugar Metabolism in Relation to Chilling Tolerance of Loquat Fruit[J].Food Chemistry,2013,136:139-143.
[17]陈学玲,张莉会,严守雷,等.包装材料对鲜切西兰花贮藏品质的影响[J].食品科学,2018,39(13):246-250.CHEN Xue-ling,ZHANG Li-hui,YAN Shou-lei,et al.Effects of Packaging Materials on Storage Quality of Fresh-cut Broccoli[J].Food Science,2018,39(13):246-250.
[18]俞静芬,尚海涛,凌建刚,等.1-MCP结合微孔保鲜膜对猕猴桃出库货架期品质影响研究[J].农产品加工,2018(2):4-5.YU Jing-fen,SHANG Hai-tao,LING Jian-gang,et al.1-MCP Combined with Microporous Preservative Film Influence on Kiwifruit Storage Shelf Quality[J].Farm Products Processing,2018(2):4-5.
[19]何近刚,冯云霄,程玉豆,等.采后1-MCP和MAP处理对“红富士”苹果冷藏和货架期品质的影响[J].食品科学,2016,37(22):301-306.HE Jin-gang,FENG Yun-xiao,CHENG Yu-dou,et al.Effects of Postharvest 1-MCP and MAP Treatments on Physiological Characteristics and Quality of''Fuji''Apple during Cold Storage and Subsequent Shelf Life[J].Food Science,2016,37(22):301-306.
[20]姚亚明,任月月,刘芮,等.1-MCP处理结合纳米包装对金针菇贮藏品质的影响[J].食品科学,2016,37(22):295-300.YAO Ya-ming,REN Yue-yue,LIU Rui,et al.Effect of1-MCP Treatment Combined with Nano-packaging on the Quality of Flammulina Velutipes[J].Food Science,2016,37(22):295-300.
[21]陈文烜,郜海燕,陈杭君,等.1-MCP结合减压贮藏对翠冠梨采后生理和品质的影响[J].中国食品学报,2010,10(4):227-232.CHEN Wen-xuan,GAO Hai-yan,CHEN Hang-jun,et al.Effects of 1-MCP Treatment Combined with Hypobaric Storage on Postharvest Physiology and Quality of Cuiguan Pear[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2010,10(4):227-232.
[22]许丽敏,韩艳文,姜微波,等.D-VCNa结合1-MCP对杏梅贮藏品质及特性的影响[J].包装工程,2018,39(15):28-34.XU Li-min,HAN Yan-wen,JIANG Wei-bo,et al.Effects of D-VCNa Combined with 1-MCP Treatment on Storage Quality and Characteristics of Apricot Fruit[J].Packaging Engineering,2018,39(15):28-34.
[23]郭园园,鲁晓翔,李江阔,等.1-MCP处理复合薄膜包装对青皮鲜核桃采后品质的影响[J].食品科学,2014,35(10):252-257.GUO Yuan-yuan,LU Xiao-xiang,LI Jiang-kuo,et al.Effects of 1-MCP and Film Packaging Treatments on Postharvest Quality of Green Walnuts[J].Food Science,2014,35(10):252-257.
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