利益相关者能否推动生产者承担环境延伸责任——以小米与苹果供应链污染为例
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摘要
经济的高速发展往往伴随着日益严重的环境污染,我国作为"世界工厂",目前所面临的供应链污染问题愈发凸显。首先从利益相关者理论出发,构建基于消费者的利益相关者监管模型,然后以小米与苹果公司供应链污染事件为典型案例,对这一监管模型进行深入分析。结果表明:中美消费者对供应链环境责任意识存在异质性,责任意识的强弱直接影响了投资者与政府监管的积极性,最终导致品牌商约束其供应商生产行为的主动性存在差异;相较于本土品牌,外资企业显然受到更多约束,苹果公司建立供应链绿色采购机制的积极性更强。解决供应链污染问题的关键在于提升消费者对企业环境延伸责任的认识,发挥利益相关主体整体监管的联动性。
引文
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[3] Freeman R. E.,Reed D. L.. Stockholders and Stakeholders:A New Perspective on Corporate Governance[J].California Management Review,1983(3):88~106.
[4] Jagannathan R., Ravikumar A., Sammon M..Environmental,Social,and Governance Criteria:Why Investors Are Paying Attention[A].Cambridge:NBER Working Papers,2017.
[5] Russell C. A.,Russell D. W.,Honea H.. Corporate Social Responsibility Failures:How Do Consumers Respond to Corporate Violations of Implied Social Contracts?[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2016(4):759~773.
[6]李高泰,王尔大.企业社会责任对企业绩效的影响机制研究[J].软科学,2015(9):59~62.
[7]田志龙,王瑞,樊建锋,马玉涛.消费者CSR反应的产品类别差异及群体特征研究[J].南开管理评论,2011(1):107~118.
[8]王夏阳,傅科.企业承诺、消费者选择与产品质量水平的均衡分析[J].经济研究,2013(8):94~106.
[9]邓新明,龙贤义,刘禹,叶珍.善行必定有善报吗——消费者抵制企业社会责任行为的内在机理研究[J].南开管理评论,2017(6):129~139.
[10]贾雷德·戴蒙德.崩溃:社会如何选择成败兴亡[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2018:274~288.
[11]邓泽宏.国外非政府组织与企业社会责任监管——以美国、欧盟的NGO为考察对象[J].求索,2011(11):51~53.
[12]毕楠.企业社会责任价值创造的驱动因素与作用机理研究[J].当代经济研究,2012(7):50~56.
[13]姜启军,苏勇.基于社会责任的企业和社区互动机制分析[J].经济体制改革,2010(3):64~68.
[14] Jha A.,Muller N. Z.. Handle with Care:The Local Air Pollution Costs of Coal Storage[A].Cambridge:NBER Working Papers,2017.
[15] Carroll C. E.,Mccombs M.. Agenda-setting Effects of Business News on the Public's Images and Opinions about Major Corporations[J].Corporate Reputation Review,2003(1):36~46.
[16] Saxton G. D., Anker A. E.. The Aggregate Effects of Decentralized Knowledge Production:Financial Bloggers and Information Asymmetries in the Stock Market[J].Journal of Communication,2013(6):1054~1069.
[17]黄伟,陈钊.外资进入、供应链压力与中国企业社会责任[J].管理世界,2015(2):91~100.
[18]沈坤荣,金刚,方娴.环境规制引起了污染就近转移吗?[J].经济研究,2017(5):44~59.
[19]王艳丽,钟奥.地方政府竞争、环境规制与高耗能产业转移——基于“逐底竞争”和“污染避难所”假说的联合检验[J].山西财经大学学报,2016(8):46~54.
[20] Hille E.. Pollution Havens:International Empirical Evidence Using a Shadow Price Measure of Climate Policy Stringency[J].Empirical Economics,2017(4):1~35.
[21]沈坤荣,金刚.中国地方政府环境治理的政策效应——基于“河长制”演进的研究[J].中国社会科学,2018(5):92~115.
[22] Sun C.,Kahn M. E.,Zheng S.. Self-protection Investment Exacerbates Air Pollution Exposure Inequality in Urban China[J].Ecological Economics,2017(6):468~474.