垂直流人工湿地强化农村生活污水脱氮试验研究
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摘要
以"陶粒"单一填料和"陶粒+沸石"组合填料的两种垂直流人工湿地试验装置为研究对象,评价两种试验装置用于农村生活污水的脱氮性能,并结合湿地植物对TN去除的贡献率及微生物群落多样性解析其脱氮机理,以期为该湿地系统服务于农村生活污水强化脱氮的工程化应用提供理论依据.结果表明:采用"陶粒+沸石"组合填料的垂直流人工湿地对污水中NH_4~+-N及TN的平均去除率高于采用"陶粒"单一填料的垂直流人工湿地的23%和25%,且其出水的NH_4~+-N及TN浓度均满足一级B标准(GB 18918-2002)的要求;两种垂直流人工湿地中植物吸收对污水中TN去除的贡献率均低于0.5%,因此填料吸附和微生物净化是该湿地系统脱氮的主要途径;采用"陶粒+沸石"组合填料的垂直流人工湿地中的微生物群落结构具有更高的多样性;组合填料式人工湿地的植物根系及填料中具备丰富的硝化和反硝化功能菌群,从而为该湿地系统应用于农村生活污水的强化脱氮提供了有力保障.
Two pilot-scale vertical flow artificial wetlands with "ceramic" as a single filler and "ceramic+zeolite" as composite fillers were studied, and their respective denitrification performance for rural domestic sewage was evaluated. To understand the denitrification mechanism of the two wetlands, the contribution rate of nitrogen removal by plant absorption and the diversity of the microbial community were analyzed. The object of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the application of this wetland design to enhance denitrification at rural domestic sewage treatment plants. The results show that the mean removal rate of NH_4~+-N and TN by the vertical flow artificial wetland with "ceramic+zeolite" as composite fillers was 23% and 25% higher, respectively, than that of "ceramic" as single filler; the NH_4~+-N and TN concentration of the "ceramic+zeolite"wetland both attained Grade 1-B(GB 18918-2002). The contribution rate of plant absorption for nitrogen removal in the two wetlands was both less than 0.5%. Hence,nitrogen removal was primarily dependent on adsorption by the filler materialss and purification by microorganisms. The biofilm of plant roots and fillers in the wetland with"ceramic+zeolite" composite filler had better microbial community diversity. The concentration of bacteria with nitrogen removal capability(nitrification and denitrification) in the two vertical flow constructed wetlands were substantial, enabling enhanced denitrification of rural domestic sewage.
Two pilot-scale vertical flow artificial wetlands with "ceramic" as a single filler and "ceramic+zeolite" as composite fillers were studied, and their respective denitrification performance for rural domestic sewage was evaluated. To understand the denitrification mechanism of the two wetlands, the contribution rate of nitrogen removal by plant absorption and the diversity of the microbial community were analyzed. The object of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the application of this wetland design to enhance denitrification at rural domestic sewage treatment plants. The results show that the mean removal rate of NH_4~+-N and TN by the vertical flow artificial wetland with "ceramic+zeolite" as composite fillers was 23% and 25% higher, respectively, than that of "ceramic" as single filler; the NH_4~+-N and TN concentration of the "ceramic+zeolite"wetland both attained Grade 1-B(GB 18918-2002). The contribution rate of plant absorption for nitrogen removal in the two wetlands was both less than 0.5%. Hence,nitrogen removal was primarily dependent on adsorption by the filler materialss and purification by microorganisms. The biofilm of plant roots and fillers in the wetland with"ceramic+zeolite" composite filler had better microbial community diversity. The concentration of bacteria with nitrogen removal capability(nitrification and denitrification) in the two vertical flow constructed wetlands were substantial, enabling enhanced denitrification of rural domestic sewage.
引文
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[15]于君宝,侯小凯,韩广轩,等.多介质人工湿地对生活污水中氮和磷的去除效率研究[J].湿地科学,2013, 11(2):233-239.
[16]张新颖,吴志超,王志伟,等.天然斜发沸石粉对溶液中NH_4~+的吸附机理研究[J].中国环境科学,2010, 30(5):609-614.
[17]李振灵,丁彦礼,白少元,等.潜流人工湿地基质结构与微生物群落特征的相关性[J].环境科学,2017, 38(9):3713-3720.
[18] SVEHLA P, JENICEK P, HABART J, et al. Use of the accumulation of nitrite in biological treatment of waste water[J]. Chemicke Listy, 2009, 103(3):255.
[19]邓志强,李旭辉,阎百兴,等.富营养化水体中芦苇和菖蒲浮床氮净化能力比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013, 32(11):2258-2263.
[20]魏佳明,崔丽娟,李伟,等.表流湿地细菌群落结构特征[J].环境科学,2016, 37(11):4357-4365.
[21] TRUU M, JUHANSON J, TRUU J. Microbial biomass, activity and community composition in constructed wetlands[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2009, 407(13):3958-3971.
[22] XIN X, HE J, WANG Y, et al. Role of aeration intensity on performance and microbial community profiles in a sequencing batch reaction kettle(SBRK)for wastewater nutrients rapid removal[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016, 201:140-147.
[23]颜薇芝,张汉强,余从田,等.1株异养硝化好氧反硝化不动杆菌的分离及脱氮性能[J].环境工程学报,2017(7):4419-4428.
[24] HE Y, ZHOU G, ZHAO Y. Nitrification with high nitrite accumulation for the treatment of"Old"landfill leachates[J]. Environmental Engineering Science, 2007, 24(8):1084-1094.
[25] CHEN Y, ZHAO Z, PENG Y, et al. Performance of a full-scale modified anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process:Highthroughput sequence analysis of its microbial structures and their community functions[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 220:225-232.
[2]CHEN Y, WEN Y, ZHOU Q, et al. Effects of plant biomass on denitrifying genes in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 157:341-345.
[3] QIN B, GAO G, ZHU G, et al. Lake eutrophication and its ecosystem response[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2013, 58(9):961-970.
[4]张曼雪,邓玉,倪福全.农村生活污水处理技术研究进展[J].水处理技术,2017(6):5-10.
[5]李亚静,朱文玲,黄柱坚,等.垂直流人工湿地脱氮过程的生态动力学模拟与分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2015(4):776-780.
[6]徐文杰,姜磊,王其东,等.垂直流与水平流人工湿地污水净化效果的对比研究[J].环境保护与循环经济,2013(4):35-37.
[7]史鹏博,朱洪涛,孙德智.人工湿地不同填料组合去除典型污染物的研究[J].环境科学学报,2014(3):704-711.
[8]卢少勇,万正芬,李锋民,等.29种湿地填料对氨氮的吸附解吸性能比较[J].环境科学研究,2016(8):1187-1194.
[9]张韫.土壤匪植物理化分析教程[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2011.
[10] QUAST C, PRUESSE E, YILMAZ P, et al. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project:improved data processing and web-based tools[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 2013, 41:590-596.
[11]王振,张彬彬,向衡,等.垂直潜流人工湿地堵塞及其运行效果影响研究[J].中国环境科学,2015(8):2494-2502.
[12] CAO W, ZHANG Y. Removal of nitrogen(N)from hypereutrophic waters by ecological floating beds(EFBs)with various substrates[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2014, 62:148-152.
[13] ZHAO Y J, LIU B, ZHANG W G, et al. Performance of pilot-scale vertical-flow constructed wetlands in responding to variation in influent C/N ratios of simulated urban sewage[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(6):1693-1700.
[14]赵德华,吕丽萍,刘哲,等.湿地植物供碳功能与优化[J].生态学报,2018(16):1-8.
[15]于君宝,侯小凯,韩广轩,等.多介质人工湿地对生活污水中氮和磷的去除效率研究[J].湿地科学,2013, 11(2):233-239.
[16]张新颖,吴志超,王志伟,等.天然斜发沸石粉对溶液中NH_4~+的吸附机理研究[J].中国环境科学,2010, 30(5):609-614.
[17]李振灵,丁彦礼,白少元,等.潜流人工湿地基质结构与微生物群落特征的相关性[J].环境科学,2017, 38(9):3713-3720.
[18] SVEHLA P, JENICEK P, HABART J, et al. Use of the accumulation of nitrite in biological treatment of waste water[J]. Chemicke Listy, 2009, 103(3):255.
[19]邓志强,李旭辉,阎百兴,等.富营养化水体中芦苇和菖蒲浮床氮净化能力比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013, 32(11):2258-2263.
[20]魏佳明,崔丽娟,李伟,等.表流湿地细菌群落结构特征[J].环境科学,2016, 37(11):4357-4365.
[21] TRUU M, JUHANSON J, TRUU J. Microbial biomass, activity and community composition in constructed wetlands[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2009, 407(13):3958-3971.
[22] XIN X, HE J, WANG Y, et al. Role of aeration intensity on performance and microbial community profiles in a sequencing batch reaction kettle(SBRK)for wastewater nutrients rapid removal[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016, 201:140-147.
[23]颜薇芝,张汉强,余从田,等.1株异养硝化好氧反硝化不动杆菌的分离及脱氮性能[J].环境工程学报,2017(7):4419-4428.
[24] HE Y, ZHOU G, ZHAO Y. Nitrification with high nitrite accumulation for the treatment of"Old"landfill leachates[J]. Environmental Engineering Science, 2007, 24(8):1084-1094.
[25] CHEN Y, ZHAO Z, PENG Y, et al. Performance of a full-scale modified anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process:Highthroughput sequence analysis of its microbial structures and their community functions[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 220:225-232.
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