覆盖型岩溶土洞致灾过程的数值模拟与预测
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摘要
以福建永定樟坑自然村岩溶塌陷为研究对象,在野外调查的基础上结合研究区地质环境特征和工程地质资料,归纳总结了岩溶塌陷的致塌机理,采用莫尔-库仑准则建立了考虑了负压作用、地下水浮托力和动压力、降雨入渗作用的力学模型,通过极限平衡理论进行土洞稳定性评价,同时采用有限差分软件FLAC3D模拟了地下水位下降条件下岩溶土洞的发育过程。研究结果表明,福建永定樟坑自然村岩溶塌陷成因机制以渗流潜蚀作用为主;岩溶塌陷系数K与地下水位差呈线性关系,地下水位变化幅度越大,K值降低越多;地下水位变幅、气压差、降水强度三个因素对樟坑岩溶土洞塌陷的影响方面,地下水位下降对岩溶塌陷所起的作用最大;研究区岩溶塌陷主要由于周边矿山采矿过度抽水、地下水位落差过大导致。
Taking the karst collapse in Zhangkeng Village of Yongding County in Fujian province as the research object, the mechanism of karst collapse was summarized based on field investigation with the geological environment features and geotechnical data. Furthermore, the mechanical model considering negative pressure, buoyancy and dynamic pressure of underground water as well as rainfall infiltration was built by using the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The stability analysis of the cave was carried out by the limit equilibrium theory, and the finite difference software FLAC3 D was used to simulate the developing process of karst collapse. The research results show that the collapse mechanism of the karst collapses occurred in Zhangkeng Village of Yongding County, Fujian province is seepage erosion and the coefficient of collapse is proportional to the underground water level. The decrease of underground water level occupies an important position to the cause of karst collapse in comparison with pressure difference and precipitation intensity. The karst collapses are mainly caused by the excessive drainage of the surrounding mine, which induced rapid decline in groundwater level and strong suffosion.
Taking the karst collapse in Zhangkeng Village of Yongding County in Fujian province as the research object, the mechanism of karst collapse was summarized based on field investigation with the geological environment features and geotechnical data. Furthermore, the mechanical model considering negative pressure, buoyancy and dynamic pressure of underground water as well as rainfall infiltration was built by using the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The stability analysis of the cave was carried out by the limit equilibrium theory, and the finite difference software FLAC3 D was used to simulate the developing process of karst collapse. The research results show that the collapse mechanism of the karst collapses occurred in Zhangkeng Village of Yongding County, Fujian province is seepage erosion and the coefficient of collapse is proportional to the underground water level. The decrease of underground water level occupies an important position to the cause of karst collapse in comparison with pressure difference and precipitation intensity. The karst collapses are mainly caused by the excessive drainage of the surrounding mine, which induced rapid decline in groundwater level and strong suffosion.
引文
[1] 简文彬, 吴振祥. 地质灾害及其防治[M]. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2015.JIAN Wenbin, WU Zhenxiang. Geological Hazard and Control[M]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2015. (in Chinese)
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[3] Antonio Santo, Paolo Budetta, Giovanni Forte, et al. Karst collapse susceptibility assessment: A case study on the Amalfi Coast(Southern Italy)[J]. Geomorphology, 2017: 247-259.
[4] Emerson S.M.dos Santos, Raymundo W.S.Silva, Edson E.S.Sampaio. Analysis of the risk of karst collapse in Lap?o, Bahia, Brazil[J]. Exploration Geophysics, 2012, 43: 198-212.
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[6] 罗小杰. 也论覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷机理[J]. 工程地质学报, 2015, 23(5): 886-895.LUO Xiaojie. Further discussion on mechanism of covered karst ground collapse[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2015, 23(5): 886-895. (in Chinese)
[7] Heinz Konietzky,Johannes Will, Jens Heinrieh. Coupled three-dimensional analysis of the slab foundation for the magnetic levitation transportation system (TRANSRAPID) in Germany[J]. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014: 500-513.
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[10] 李万有, 陈立龙, 李爽. 覆盖层的抗剪强度与土洞型岩溶塌陷高度关系的数值分析研究[J]. 林业科技情报, 2010, 42(1): 102-104.LI Wanyou, CHEN Lilong, LI Shuang. Study on numerical analysis of the relationship between shear strength of cover layer and the soil cave karst collapse height[J]. Forestry Science and Technology Information, 2010, 42(1): 102-104. (in Chinese)
[11] 孙金辉. 覆盖型岩溶塌陷临界参数模型试验与数值模拟研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2011.SUN Jinhui. Experiment and Numerical Study on Critical Parameter of Covered Karst Collapse[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[12] 吴超凡, 邱占林, 邹丹. 福建龙岩新罗区地质灾害形成条件及其机理探讨[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2012, 23(2): 105-110.WU Chaofan, QIU Zhanlin, ZOU Dan. Discussion on the formation and mechanism of geological disasters in Xinluo district, Fujian province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2012, 23(2): 105-110. (in Chinese)
[13] 赵正君. 福建省龙岩市岩溶塌陷风险评估[D]. 北京: 中国地质科学院, 2010.ZHAO Zhengjun. Risk Assessment of Karst Collapse in Longyan City, Fujian Province[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 2010. (in Chinese)
[14] 张克恭, 刘松玉. 土力学[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2010.ZHANG Kegong, LIU Songyu. Soil Mechanics[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2010. (in Chinese)
[15] GB50487—2008 水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2009.GB50487—2008 Code for Engineering Geological Investigation of Water Resources and Hydropower[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2009. (in Chinese)
[16] 高宗军, 马海会, 王敏, 等. 岩溶地面塌陷预测模型初探[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2009, 20(4): 66-71.GAO Zongjun, MA Haihui, WANG Min, et al. Preliminary analysis on forecasting model of karst collapse[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2009, 20(4): 66-71. (in Chinese)
[17] 贺可强, 王滨, 万继涛. 枣庄岩溶塌陷形成机理与致塌模型的研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2002, 23(5): 564-569.HE Keqiang, WANG Bin, WAN Jitao. Study on forming mechanism of Zaozhuang karst collapse and collapse model[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2002, 23(5): 564-569. (in Chinese)
[18] 张鑫, 崔可锐, 查甫生. 覆盖型岩溶塌陷临界水位降幅模型试验研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2016, 16(12): 195-199.ZHANG Xin, CUI Kerui, ZHA Fusheng. Model test study on critical water level decline in covered karst collapse[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2016, 16(12): 195-199. (in Chinese)
[19] 陈国亮. 岩溶地面塌陷的成因与防治[M]. 北京: 中国铁道出版社, 1994.CHEN Guoliang. Karst Collapse of Ground soil Genesis Prevention and Remediation[M]. Beijing: China Railway Press, 1994. (in Chinese)
[2] Margiotta S, Negri S, Parise M, et al. Karst geosites at risk of collapse: the sinkholes at Nociglia (Apulia, SE Italy)[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2016, 75(1): 8.
[3] Antonio Santo, Paolo Budetta, Giovanni Forte, et al. Karst collapse susceptibility assessment: A case study on the Amalfi Coast(Southern Italy)[J]. Geomorphology, 2017: 247-259.
[4] Emerson S.M.dos Santos, Raymundo W.S.Silva, Edson E.S.Sampaio. Analysis of the risk of karst collapse in Lap?o, Bahia, Brazil[J]. Exploration Geophysics, 2012, 43: 198-212.
[5] Waltham A C, Fookes P G. Engineering classification of karst ground conditions[J]. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology, 36(5): 101-118, 2003.
[6] 罗小杰. 也论覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷机理[J]. 工程地质学报, 2015, 23(5): 886-895.LUO Xiaojie. Further discussion on mechanism of covered karst ground collapse[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2015, 23(5): 886-895. (in Chinese)
[7] Heinz Konietzky,Johannes Will, Jens Heinrieh. Coupled three-dimensional analysis of the slab foundation for the magnetic levitation transportation system (TRANSRAPID) in Germany[J]. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014: 500-513.
[8] 程星, 彭世寿. 岩溶区地下水位下降致塌的数值模拟研究[J]. 地球与环境, 2005, 33(b10): 119-123.CHENG Xing, PENG Shishou. Numerical simulation of groundwater drop in karst area[J]. Earth and Environment,2005, 33(b10): 119-123. (in Chinese)
[9] 于贺艳. 武广客运专线英德段岩溶塌陷模式及致塌因素的研究[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2007.YU Heyan. Study on the Karst Collapse Mode and the Factors of Collapse in Ying De Df Special Railway Line for Passenger Transport from Wuhan to Guangzhou[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2007. (in Chinese)
[10] 李万有, 陈立龙, 李爽. 覆盖层的抗剪强度与土洞型岩溶塌陷高度关系的数值分析研究[J]. 林业科技情报, 2010, 42(1): 102-104.LI Wanyou, CHEN Lilong, LI Shuang. Study on numerical analysis of the relationship between shear strength of cover layer and the soil cave karst collapse height[J]. Forestry Science and Technology Information, 2010, 42(1): 102-104. (in Chinese)
[11] 孙金辉. 覆盖型岩溶塌陷临界参数模型试验与数值模拟研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2011.SUN Jinhui. Experiment and Numerical Study on Critical Parameter of Covered Karst Collapse[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[12] 吴超凡, 邱占林, 邹丹. 福建龙岩新罗区地质灾害形成条件及其机理探讨[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2012, 23(2): 105-110.WU Chaofan, QIU Zhanlin, ZOU Dan. Discussion on the formation and mechanism of geological disasters in Xinluo district, Fujian province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2012, 23(2): 105-110. (in Chinese)
[13] 赵正君. 福建省龙岩市岩溶塌陷风险评估[D]. 北京: 中国地质科学院, 2010.ZHAO Zhengjun. Risk Assessment of Karst Collapse in Longyan City, Fujian Province[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 2010. (in Chinese)
[14] 张克恭, 刘松玉. 土力学[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2010.ZHANG Kegong, LIU Songyu. Soil Mechanics[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2010. (in Chinese)
[15] GB50487—2008 水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2009.GB50487—2008 Code for Engineering Geological Investigation of Water Resources and Hydropower[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2009. (in Chinese)
[16] 高宗军, 马海会, 王敏, 等. 岩溶地面塌陷预测模型初探[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2009, 20(4): 66-71.GAO Zongjun, MA Haihui, WANG Min, et al. Preliminary analysis on forecasting model of karst collapse[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2009, 20(4): 66-71. (in Chinese)
[17] 贺可强, 王滨, 万继涛. 枣庄岩溶塌陷形成机理与致塌模型的研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2002, 23(5): 564-569.HE Keqiang, WANG Bin, WAN Jitao. Study on forming mechanism of Zaozhuang karst collapse and collapse model[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2002, 23(5): 564-569. (in Chinese)
[18] 张鑫, 崔可锐, 查甫生. 覆盖型岩溶塌陷临界水位降幅模型试验研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2016, 16(12): 195-199.ZHANG Xin, CUI Kerui, ZHA Fusheng. Model test study on critical water level decline in covered karst collapse[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2016, 16(12): 195-199. (in Chinese)
[19] 陈国亮. 岩溶地面塌陷的成因与防治[M]. 北京: 中国铁道出版社, 1994.CHEN Guoliang. Karst Collapse of Ground soil Genesis Prevention and Remediation[M]. Beijing: China Railway Press, 1994. (in Chinese)
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