华北断陷盆地中北部地热水地球化学特征及成因初探
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摘要
为探讨唐山-天津地区地热水的水化学类型、控制因素及其补给来源,2016年8月在华北断陷盆地中北部采取了21个温泉、地热井水样,进行离子特征,3He、4He、20Ne气体同位素及δD与δ18O稳定同位素分析。结果显示,华北断陷盆地中北部地热井温度为27. 5～92. 6℃,TDS(Total dissolved solids)为430. 3～2370. 8 mg/L,δD和δ18O分别为-74. 04‰～-69. 27‰与-10. 32‰～-8. 04‰; Na+为主要阳离子,阴离子浓度变化较大,无明显空间分布规律。该区域水化学类型可以分为9类:Na-Cl·SO_4、Na-Cl·SO_4.HCO_3、Na-Cl·HCO_3、Na-HCO_3、Na-SO_4、Na-HCO_3·SO_4、Na-SO_4·HCO_3、Na-HCO_3·Cl、Na-HCO_3·SO_4·Cl,水化学类型与含水层的岩性有关。He、Ne气体同位素组分表明,区域内地热水中气体具有幔源、壳源、大气来源的混合特征。H、O同位素组成指示地下水的补给来源为大气降水,δD平均值为-71. 62‰,基本等同于华北地区现今δD的平均值(约-70‰),暗示其地下水年龄较小,补给时的气候条件与现今接近。S3、S6、S14、S17、S20有明显的氧漂移,主要原因是地热水温度较高,以及大陆效应与高程效应的影响。
In order to discuss the chemical types,controlling factors,and supply sources of the waters in the TangshanTianjin area,the ion characteristics,3 He,4 He,20 Ne gas isotopes,and δD and δ18 O stable isotopes of 21 water samples,which were collected from 21 hot springs and geothermal wells in the north-central part of the North China Downfaulted Basin,have been analyzed in this paper. The results show that the waters of those geothermal wells have temperatures ranging from 27. 5 ℃ to 92. 6 ℃,contents of the total dissolved solids( TDS) ranging from 430. 3 to 2370. 8 mg/L,and the δD and δ18 O values ranging from-74. 04‰ to-69. 27‰ and from-10. 32‰ to-9. 04‰,respectively. They contain main cation of the Na+with the obviously irregular variation of anion concentrations in the spatial distribution. They can be classified into 9 types of the Na-Cl·SO_4,Na-Cl·SO_4·HCO_3,Na-Cl·HCO_3,Na-HCO_3,Na-SO_4,Na-HCO_3·SO_4,Na-SO_4·HCO_3,Na-HCO_3·Cl,and Na-HCO_3·SO_4·Cl. Their chemical types are related to the lithologies of the aquifers.The He and Ne isotope compositions show that the gases of the geothermal waters in the region have the feature of mixing by mantle,crustal,and atmospheric sources. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions indicate that the recharge source of groundwater is the meteoric water. The average δD of the groundwater is-71. 62 ‰,which is basically accordant with the average δD value of current meteoric water in the North China( about-70 ‰),suggesting that the groundwatercould be recently supplied with the climate condition at that time similar to the present. The obvious oxygen isotope drift phenomena of the S3,S6,S14,S17,and S20 samples could be mainly caused by the relatively high temperature of groundwater with minor influence by the continental effect and elevation effect.
In order to discuss the chemical types,controlling factors,and supply sources of the waters in the TangshanTianjin area,the ion characteristics,3 He,4 He,20 Ne gas isotopes,and δD and δ18 O stable isotopes of 21 water samples,which were collected from 21 hot springs and geothermal wells in the north-central part of the North China Downfaulted Basin,have been analyzed in this paper. The results show that the waters of those geothermal wells have temperatures ranging from 27. 5 ℃ to 92. 6 ℃,contents of the total dissolved solids( TDS) ranging from 430. 3 to 2370. 8 mg/L,and the δD and δ18 O values ranging from-74. 04‰ to-69. 27‰ and from-10. 32‰ to-9. 04‰,respectively. They contain main cation of the Na+with the obviously irregular variation of anion concentrations in the spatial distribution. They can be classified into 9 types of the Na-Cl·SO_4,Na-Cl·SO_4·HCO_3,Na-Cl·HCO_3,Na-HCO_3,Na-SO_4,Na-HCO_3·SO_4,Na-SO_4·HCO_3,Na-HCO_3·Cl,and Na-HCO_3·SO_4·Cl. Their chemical types are related to the lithologies of the aquifers.The He and Ne isotope compositions show that the gases of the geothermal waters in the region have the feature of mixing by mantle,crustal,and atmospheric sources. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions indicate that the recharge source of groundwater is the meteoric water. The average δD of the groundwater is-71. 62 ‰,which is basically accordant with the average δD value of current meteoric water in the North China( about-70 ‰),suggesting that the groundwatercould be recently supplied with the climate condition at that time similar to the present. The obvious oxygen isotope drift phenomena of the S3,S6,S14,S17,and S20 samples could be mainly caused by the relatively high temperature of groundwater with minor influence by the continental effect and elevation effect.
引文
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Craig H.1961.Isotopic variations in meteoric waters.Science,133(3465):1702-1703
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Giggenbach W F.1988.Geothermal solute equilibria.Derivation of NaK-Mg-Ca geoindicators.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,52(12):2749-2765
Hoke L,Lamb S,Hilton D R,Poreda R J.2000.Southern limit of mantle-derived geothermal helium emissions in Tibet:Implications for lithospheric structure.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,180(3-4):297-308
Liu J R,Song X F,Yuan G F,Sun X M,Liu X,Wang S Q.2010.Characteristics ofδ18O in precipitation over Eastern Monsoon China and the water vapor sources.Chinese Science Bulletin,55(2):200-211
Minissale A,Borrini D,Montegrossi G,Orlando A,Tassi F,Vaselli O,Huertas A D,Yang J C,Cheng W,Tedesco D,Poreda R.2008.The Tianjin geothermal field(north-eastern China):Water chemistry and possible reservoir permeability reduction phenomena.Geothermics,37(4):400-428
Minissale A,Corti G,Tassi F,Darrah T H,Vaselli O,Montanari D,Montegrossi G,Yirgu G,Selmo E,Teclu A.2017.Geothermal potential and origin of natural thermal fluids in the northern Lake Abaya area,Main Ethiopian Rift,East Africa.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,336:1-18
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Skelton A,Claesson Liljedahl L,Wsteby N,Andrén M,Tollefsen E,Gudrunardottir H R,Stockmann G J,Graham C,Jonsson S,Kockum I,Kristmannsdóttir H,Morth M,Sturkell E,Sveinbj9rnsdottir A E,Hjartarson H,Siegmund H.2014.Changes in groundwater chemistry before and after earthquakes in northern Iceland.In:AGUFall Meeting.San Francisco:AGU
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Wang S F,Pang Z H,Liu J R,Lin P,Liu S D,Yin M.2013.Origin and evolution characteristics of geothermal water in the Niutuozhen geothermal field,North China Plain.Journal of Earth Science,24(6):891-902
蔡春芳,李宏涛.2005.沉积盆地热化学硫酸盐还原作用评述.地球科学进展,20(10):1100-1105
陈辉.1996.氢在地球演化过程中的同位素分馏.地质科学,31(3):238-249
陈墨香.1988.华北地热.北京:科学出版社
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邓文平,余新晓,贾国栋.2012.华北地区大气降水稳定同位素特征与水汽来源.矿物岩石地球化学通报,31(5):489-494
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,杨晓平,闵伟,陈立春.2003.中国活动构造与地震活动.地学前缘,10(s1):66-73
高战武.2001.张家口-蓬莱断裂带地震地质特征研究.学位论文.北京:中国地震局地质研究所
胡圣标,何丽娟,汪集旸.2001.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第三版).地球物理学报,44(5):611-626
胡燕,高宝珠,靳宝珍,王娟.2007.天津地热流体水化学分布特征及形成机理.地质调查与研究,30(3):213-218
李洁祥,郭清海,余正艳.2017.高温地热系统中粘土矿物形成对Na-K和K-Mg地球化学温标准确性的影响.地球科学---中国地质大学学报,42(1):142-154
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林黎.2006.天津地区雾迷山组热储地下热水资源可持续开发利用研究.学位论文.北京:中国地质大学(北京)
柳春晖.2006.白庙温泉、赤城温泉及塘子庙温泉的水化学及同位素研究.学位论文.北京:中国地质大学(北京)
刘杰,宋美钰,田光辉.2012.天津地热资源开发利用现状及可持续开发利用建议.地质调查与研究,35(1):67-73
刘杰.2014.天津地区地热流体地球化学特征.硕士学位论文.北京:中国地质大学(北京)
马凤如,林黎,王颖萍,程万庆,赵苏民.2006.天津地热资源现状与可持续性开发利用问题.地质调查与研究,29(3):222-228
钱会,马致远.2005.水文地球化学.北京:地质出版社
孙爱群,牛树银.2000.地幔热柱演化及其地热效应:华北地热异常的深部构造背景.地球学报,21(2):182-189
陶明信,徐永昌,史宝光,蒋忠惕,沈平,李晓斌,孙明良.2005.中国不同类型断裂带的地幔脱气与深部地质构造特征.中国科学(D辑),35(5):441-451
田西昭,单强,宋利震.2011.唐山沿海地区地下水化学特征及演化趋势分析.南水北调与水利科技,9(1):139-144
汪集旸,熊亮萍,庞忠和.1993.中低温对流型地热系统.北京:科学出版社
徐永昌,沈平,陶明信,孙明良.1994.中国含油气盆地天然气中氦同位素分布.科学通报,39(16):1505-1508
杨吉龙,柳富田,贾志,袁海帆,胥勤勉,胡云壮.2018.河北牛驼镇与天津地热田水化学和氢氧同位素特征及其环境指示意义.地球学报,39(1):71-78
杨立顺.2011.唐山沿海地区地热资源开发利用及前景.中国环境管理干部学院学报,21(1):23-25
于湲.2006.北京城区地热田地下热水的水化学及同位素研究.学位论文.北京:中国地质大学(北京)
章斌,宋献方,郭占荣,赵肖,韩冬梅,肖国强,杨吉龙,刘明清.2013.用氯和氢氧同位素揭示洋戴河平原地下水的形成演化规律.环境科学学报,33(11):2965-2972
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Barbier E.2002.Geothermal energy technology and current status:An overview.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,6(1-2):3-65
Bertani R.2005.World geothermal power generation in the period 2001-2005.Geothermics,34(6):651-690
Bilgen S,KeleS,Kaygusuz A,SarA,Kaygusuz K.2008.Global warming and renewable energy sources for sustainable development:Acase study in Turkey.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,12(2):372-396
Can I.2002.A new improved Na/K geothermometer by artificial neural networks.Geothermics,31(6):751-760
Craig H.1961.Isotopic variations in meteoric waters.Science,133(3465):1702-1703
Du J G,Cheng W Z,Zhang Y L,Jie C L,Guan Z J,Liu W,Bai L P.2006.Helium and carbon isotopic compositions of thermal springs in the earthquake zone of Sichuan,Southwestern China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,26(5):533-539
Fournier R O,Truesdell A H.1973.An empirical Na-K-Ca geothermometer for natural waters.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,37(5):1255-1275
Fu Y V,Gao Y,Li A B,Lu L Y,Shi Y T,Zhang Y.2016.The anisotropic structure in the crust in the northern part of North China from ambient seismic noise tomography.Geophysical Journal International,204(3):1649-1661
Giggenbach W F.1988.Geothermal solute equilibria.Derivation of NaK-Mg-Ca geoindicators.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,52(12):2749-2765
Hoke L,Lamb S,Hilton D R,Poreda R J.2000.Southern limit of mantle-derived geothermal helium emissions in Tibet:Implications for lithospheric structure.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,180(3-4):297-308
Liu J R,Song X F,Yuan G F,Sun X M,Liu X,Wang S Q.2010.Characteristics ofδ18O in precipitation over Eastern Monsoon China and the water vapor sources.Chinese Science Bulletin,55(2):200-211
Minissale A,Borrini D,Montegrossi G,Orlando A,Tassi F,Vaselli O,Huertas A D,Yang J C,Cheng W,Tedesco D,Poreda R.2008.The Tianjin geothermal field(north-eastern China):Water chemistry and possible reservoir permeability reduction phenomena.Geothermics,37(4):400-428
Minissale A,Corti G,Tassi F,Darrah T H,Vaselli O,Montanari D,Montegrossi G,Yirgu G,Selmo E,Teclu A.2017.Geothermal potential and origin of natural thermal fluids in the northern Lake Abaya area,Main Ethiopian Rift,East Africa.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,336:1-18
Mzgür N,Aras Pala E,Degirmenci S.2017.Hydrogeological,hydrogeochemical and isotope geochemical features of the geothermal waters in seferihisar and environs,western Anatolia,Turkey.In:IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science.IOP,022039
Rybach L.2003.Geothermal energy:Sustainability and the environment.Geothermics,32(4-6):463-470
Skelton A,Claesson Liljedahl L,Wsteby N,Andrén M,Tollefsen E,Gudrunardottir H R,Stockmann G J,Graham C,Jonsson S,Kockum I,Kristmannsdóttir H,Morth M,Sturkell E,Sveinbj9rnsdottir A E,Hjartarson H,Siegmund H.2014.Changes in groundwater chemistry before and after earthquakes in northern Iceland.In:AGUFall Meeting.San Francisco:AGU
Wang K.2008.Background,history and status of geothermal utilization in Tianjin.In:Workshop for Decision Makers on Direct Heating Use of Geothermal Resources in Asia.Tianjin,China:Workshop for Decision Makers on Direct Heating Use of Geothermal Resources in A-sia,100-109
Wang S F,Pang Z H,Liu J R,Lin P,Liu S D,Yin M.2013.Origin and evolution characteristics of geothermal water in the Niutuozhen geothermal field,North China Plain.Journal of Earth Science,24(6):891-902
蔡春芳,李宏涛.2005.沉积盆地热化学硫酸盐还原作用评述.地球科学进展,20(10):1100-1105
陈辉.1996.氢在地球演化过程中的同位素分馏.地质科学,31(3):238-249
陈墨香.1988.华北地热.北京:科学出版社
陈墨香,汪集旸,汪缉安,邓孝,杨淑贞,熊亮萍,张菊明.1990.华北断陷盆地热场特征及其形成机制.地质学报,(1):80-91
陈志.2014.汶川地震后川西地区温泉水地球化学研究.学位论文.合肥:中国科学技术大学
邓文平,余新晓,贾国栋.2012.华北地区大气降水稳定同位素特征与水汽来源.矿物岩石地球化学通报,31(5):489-494
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,杨晓平,闵伟,陈立春.2003.中国活动构造与地震活动.地学前缘,10(s1):66-73
高战武.2001.张家口-蓬莱断裂带地震地质特征研究.学位论文.北京:中国地震局地质研究所
胡圣标,何丽娟,汪集旸.2001.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第三版).地球物理学报,44(5):611-626
胡燕,高宝珠,靳宝珍,王娟.2007.天津地热流体水化学分布特征及形成机理.地质调查与研究,30(3):213-218
李洁祥,郭清海,余正艳.2017.高温地热系统中粘土矿物形成对Na-K和K-Mg地球化学温标准确性的影响.地球科学---中国地质大学学报,42(1):142-154
李强,王椿镛,刘瑞丰,王溪莉,陈光英,陈光,李桂银.1999.应用层析成像技术研究华北地壳速度结构.地震地磁观测与研究,20(5):88-97
林黎.2006.天津地区雾迷山组热储地下热水资源可持续开发利用研究.学位论文.北京:中国地质大学(北京)
柳春晖.2006.白庙温泉、赤城温泉及塘子庙温泉的水化学及同位素研究.学位论文.北京:中国地质大学(北京)
刘杰,宋美钰,田光辉.2012.天津地热资源开发利用现状及可持续开发利用建议.地质调查与研究,35(1):67-73
刘杰.2014.天津地区地热流体地球化学特征.硕士学位论文.北京:中国地质大学(北京)
马凤如,林黎,王颖萍,程万庆,赵苏民.2006.天津地热资源现状与可持续性开发利用问题.地质调查与研究,29(3):222-228
钱会,马致远.2005.水文地球化学.北京:地质出版社
孙爱群,牛树银.2000.地幔热柱演化及其地热效应:华北地热异常的深部构造背景.地球学报,21(2):182-189
陶明信,徐永昌,史宝光,蒋忠惕,沈平,李晓斌,孙明良.2005.中国不同类型断裂带的地幔脱气与深部地质构造特征.中国科学(D辑),35(5):441-451
田西昭,单强,宋利震.2011.唐山沿海地区地下水化学特征及演化趋势分析.南水北调与水利科技,9(1):139-144
汪集旸,熊亮萍,庞忠和.1993.中低温对流型地热系统.北京:科学出版社
徐永昌,沈平,陶明信,孙明良.1994.中国含油气盆地天然气中氦同位素分布.科学通报,39(16):1505-1508
杨吉龙,柳富田,贾志,袁海帆,胥勤勉,胡云壮.2018.河北牛驼镇与天津地热田水化学和氢氧同位素特征及其环境指示意义.地球学报,39(1):71-78
杨立顺.2011.唐山沿海地区地热资源开发利用及前景.中国环境管理干部学院学报,21(1):23-25
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