真空干燥过程中物料质量在线测量设备设计与试验
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摘要
针对真空脉动干燥过程中物料质量在线获取易受到机械振动、温度变化和气流短时冲击等多重干扰,导致测量困难、测量精度不高的问题,提出了将固定料架和测量料架分离的测量方案,并选用高精度的测量器件,在经过信号滤波、温度修正和气流干扰排除等多种修正手段后,实现了温度变化范围20~45℃、无明显外部剧烈振动、冲击时间小于1 min的正常进抽气条件下总量程1 500 g、去掉料盘后有效量程1 000 g、最大引用误差0.1%的物料质量在线测量。静态测试结果显示,满量程最大引用误差0.06%,物料干燥测试结果显示,干燥终点最大引用误差0.1%,能够清楚反映整个干燥过程中的质量变化情况和干燥速率变化情况,可为研究农产品干燥过程中物料状态变化规律和实现自动干燥工艺调控提供技术支持。
The change of material mass is an important parameter of material state evaluation during the drying process. Pulsed vacuum drying process is a sealed state,herein,the device of mass measurement must be installed inside the drying chamber,which leads to the measurement processing vulnerable to interference,including the mechanical vibration caused by equipment operation,temperature change caused by drying room heating,airflow interferences which with pulsating state. The multiple effects of these disturbances may cause low measurement accuracy. In order to solve this problem,a measurement plan for separating the heating plate fixed material rack and the material measuring rack was put forward.Firstly,the vibration characteristics of the rack were effectively analyzed. The minimum resonance vibration frequency was about 8 Hz,and the main resonance frequency was about 25 Hz. According to the vibration characteristic,two-order IIR digital filter were designed,which effectively solved the vibration problem. Then the drift characteristics of the sensor were measured for zero drift of the sensor caused by temperature. The correction temperature range was 20 ~ 45℃,and it was found that it can be corrected by five or six order polynomials. However,the higher calculation of higher order polynomials was not conducive to the real-time control of the whole machine. Therefore,the piecewise polynomial fitting method was adopted. The temperature stage of the piecewise fitting formula of zero drift were y = 647 062-60 410 t + 1 403 t2(20℃≤t <21. 5℃),y =21235-2172 t +62 t2-0. 65 t3(21. 5℃≤t <43℃),y =-499406 +23 206 t-274. 9 t2(43℃ ≤ t ≤45℃). The air turbulence in the process of inlet and outlet was not regular,which had little effect on the whole drying process. Therefore,the measured data of intake and exhaust stages were removed and replaced with linear interpolation data. In order to get the final mass data,a linear relationship between filtered and corrected sensor output and standard mass was established,and the final mass conversion formula was mo= 0. 000 440 21(x-y)-1. 455 3. In the formula,through the static test,the measurement system of full scale maximum reference error was0. 06%. The results of material drying test showed that the maximum reference error of the drying end was 0. 1%. Through the data recording during drying process,it can clearly reflect the quality change and drying rate change in the whole drying process. The research result provided technical support for studying the changing rule of material status and realizing automatic drying process control in the drying process of agricultural products.
The change of material mass is an important parameter of material state evaluation during the drying process. Pulsed vacuum drying process is a sealed state,herein,the device of mass measurement must be installed inside the drying chamber,which leads to the measurement processing vulnerable to interference,including the mechanical vibration caused by equipment operation,temperature change caused by drying room heating,airflow interferences which with pulsating state. The multiple effects of these disturbances may cause low measurement accuracy. In order to solve this problem,a measurement plan for separating the heating plate fixed material rack and the material measuring rack was put forward.Firstly,the vibration characteristics of the rack were effectively analyzed. The minimum resonance vibration frequency was about 8 Hz,and the main resonance frequency was about 25 Hz. According to the vibration characteristic,two-order IIR digital filter were designed,which effectively solved the vibration problem. Then the drift characteristics of the sensor were measured for zero drift of the sensor caused by temperature. The correction temperature range was 20 ~ 45℃,and it was found that it can be corrected by five or six order polynomials. However,the higher calculation of higher order polynomials was not conducive to the real-time control of the whole machine. Therefore,the piecewise polynomial fitting method was adopted. The temperature stage of the piecewise fitting formula of zero drift were y = 647 062-60 410 t + 1 403 t2(20℃≤t <21. 5℃),y =21235-2172 t +62 t2-0. 65 t3(21. 5℃≤t <43℃),y =-499406 +23 206 t-274. 9 t2(43℃ ≤ t ≤45℃). The air turbulence in the process of inlet and outlet was not regular,which had little effect on the whole drying process. Therefore,the measured data of intake and exhaust stages were removed and replaced with linear interpolation data. In order to get the final mass data,a linear relationship between filtered and corrected sensor output and standard mass was established,and the final mass conversion formula was mo= 0. 000 440 21(x-y)-1. 455 3. In the formula,through the static test,the measurement system of full scale maximum reference error was0. 06%. The results of material drying test showed that the maximum reference error of the drying end was 0. 1%. Through the data recording during drying process,it can clearly reflect the quality change and drying rate change in the whole drying process. The research result provided technical support for studying the changing rule of material status and realizing automatic drying process control in the drying process of agricultural products.
引文
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4钱婧雅,张茜,王军,等.三种干燥技术对红枣脆片干燥特性和品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(17):259-265.QIAN Jingya,ZHANG Qian,WANG Jun,et al.Effects of three drying technologies on drying characteristics and quality attributes of jujube crisps[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(17):259-265.(in Chinese)
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6白竣文,周存山,蔡健荣,等.南瓜片真空脉动干燥特性及含水率预测[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(17):290-297.BAI Junwen,ZHOU Cunshan,CAI Jianrong,et al.Vacuum pulse drying characteristics and moisture content prediction of pumpkin slices[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(17):290-297.(in Chinese)
7 ZHANG M,CHEN H Z,MUJUMDAR A S,et al.Recent developments in high-quality drying with energy-saving characteristic for fresh foods[J].Drying Technology,2015,33(13):1590-1600.
8 SU Y,ZHANG M,MUJUMDAR A S.Recent developments in smart drying technology[J].Drying Technology,2015,33(3):260-276.
9高振江,吴定伟,张树阁,等.滚筒式真空脉动干燥机设计[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(3):113-116,127.GAO Zhenjiang,WU Dingwei,ZHANG Shuge,et al.Design of pulsed vacuum drum dryer[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(3):113-116,127.(in Chinese)
10刘坦.实时在线分拣和称重系统研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013.LIU Tan.Research on real-time online sorting and weighing system[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2013.(in Chinese)
11张小超,胡小安,张银桥,等.联合收获机粮食产量分布信息获取技术[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(增刊):173-176.ZHANG Xiaochao,HU Xiaoan,ZHANG Yinqiao,et al.Yield distribution information measurement for grain combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(Supp.):173-176.(in Chinese)
12殷水忠.果粒饮料盒中袋灌装机的设计及关键技术研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2017.YIN Shuizhong.Design and key technology research of bag filling machine in fruit juice beverage box[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Techinology,2017.(in Chinese)
13王栋,林海,肖红伟,等.气体射流冲击干燥含水率在线监控系统设计[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(19):316-324.WANG Dong,LIN Hai,XIAO Hongwei,et al.Design of online monitoring system for material moisture content in airimpingement drying process[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(19):316-324.(in Chinese)
14王栋.基于多参数监控的真空脉动干燥过程研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.WANG Dong.Study on optimization of sectional pulsed vacuum drying process based on multi-parameter monitoring[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
15张卫鹏,肖红伟,郑志安,等.基于碳纤维红外板加热的干燥装备设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(17):242-251.ZHANG Weipeng,XIAO Hongwei,ZHENG Zhian,et al.Design and experiment of vacuum pulsed drying equipment based on carbon fiber infrared heating plate[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(17):242-251.(in Chinese)
16王栋,林海,姚雪东,等.基于Modbus协议的干燥控制系统设计[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2012,30(1):110-115.WANG Dong,LIN Hai,YAO Xuedong,et al.Design of the drying control system based on Modbus protocol[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2012,30(1):110-115.(in Chinese)
17国家卫生和计划生育委员会.食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定:GB5009.3-2016[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
18 BOSCHETTI G,CARACCIOLO R,RICHIEDEI D,et al.Model-based dynamic compensation of load cell response in weighing machines affected by environmental vibrations[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2013,34(1-2):116-130.
19费恩曼.费恩曼物理学讲义:第一卷[M].郑永令,等,译.上海:上海科技出版公司,2013.
20米特拉S K.数字信号处理:上册[M].孙洪,等,译.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
21俞一彪,孙兵.数字信号处理---理论与应用[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005.
22白竣文.无核白葡萄干燥动力学及防褐变机理研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.BAI Junwen.Drying kinetics and anti-browning mechanism of Thompson seedless grapes[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
2 XIE L,MUJUMDAR A S,FANG X M,et al.Far-infrared radiation heating assisted pulsed vacuum drying(FIR-PVD)of wolfberry(Lycium barbarum L.):effects on drying kinetics and quality attributes[J].Food and Bioproducts Processing,2017,102:320-331.
3谢龙.枸杞真空脉动干燥特性及干燥品质的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.XIE Long.The drying characteristics and drying quality of wolfberry undergoing pulsed vacuum drying[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
4钱婧雅,张茜,王军,等.三种干燥技术对红枣脆片干燥特性和品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(17):259-265.QIAN Jingya,ZHANG Qian,WANG Jun,et al.Effects of three drying technologies on drying characteristics and quality attributes of jujube crisps[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(17):259-265.(in Chinese)
5方小明,张晓琳,王军,等.荷花粉真空脉动干燥特性和干燥品质[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(10):287-295.FANG Xiaoming,ZHANG Xiaolin,WANG Jun,et al.Vacuum plused drying characteristics and quality of lotus pollen[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(10):287-295.(in Chinese)
6白竣文,周存山,蔡健荣,等.南瓜片真空脉动干燥特性及含水率预测[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(17):290-297.BAI Junwen,ZHOU Cunshan,CAI Jianrong,et al.Vacuum pulse drying characteristics and moisture content prediction of pumpkin slices[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(17):290-297.(in Chinese)
7 ZHANG M,CHEN H Z,MUJUMDAR A S,et al.Recent developments in high-quality drying with energy-saving characteristic for fresh foods[J].Drying Technology,2015,33(13):1590-1600.
8 SU Y,ZHANG M,MUJUMDAR A S.Recent developments in smart drying technology[J].Drying Technology,2015,33(3):260-276.
9高振江,吴定伟,张树阁,等.滚筒式真空脉动干燥机设计[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(3):113-116,127.GAO Zhenjiang,WU Dingwei,ZHANG Shuge,et al.Design of pulsed vacuum drum dryer[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(3):113-116,127.(in Chinese)
10刘坦.实时在线分拣和称重系统研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013.LIU Tan.Research on real-time online sorting and weighing system[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2013.(in Chinese)
11张小超,胡小安,张银桥,等.联合收获机粮食产量分布信息获取技术[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(增刊):173-176.ZHANG Xiaochao,HU Xiaoan,ZHANG Yinqiao,et al.Yield distribution information measurement for grain combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(Supp.):173-176.(in Chinese)
12殷水忠.果粒饮料盒中袋灌装机的设计及关键技术研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2017.YIN Shuizhong.Design and key technology research of bag filling machine in fruit juice beverage box[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Techinology,2017.(in Chinese)
13王栋,林海,肖红伟,等.气体射流冲击干燥含水率在线监控系统设计[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(19):316-324.WANG Dong,LIN Hai,XIAO Hongwei,et al.Design of online monitoring system for material moisture content in airimpingement drying process[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(19):316-324.(in Chinese)
14王栋.基于多参数监控的真空脉动干燥过程研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.WANG Dong.Study on optimization of sectional pulsed vacuum drying process based on multi-parameter monitoring[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
15张卫鹏,肖红伟,郑志安,等.基于碳纤维红外板加热的干燥装备设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(17):242-251.ZHANG Weipeng,XIAO Hongwei,ZHENG Zhian,et al.Design and experiment of vacuum pulsed drying equipment based on carbon fiber infrared heating plate[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(17):242-251.(in Chinese)
16王栋,林海,姚雪东,等.基于Modbus协议的干燥控制系统设计[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2012,30(1):110-115.WANG Dong,LIN Hai,YAO Xuedong,et al.Design of the drying control system based on Modbus protocol[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2012,30(1):110-115.(in Chinese)
17国家卫生和计划生育委员会.食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定:GB5009.3-2016[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
18 BOSCHETTI G,CARACCIOLO R,RICHIEDEI D,et al.Model-based dynamic compensation of load cell response in weighing machines affected by environmental vibrations[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2013,34(1-2):116-130.
19费恩曼.费恩曼物理学讲义:第一卷[M].郑永令,等,译.上海:上海科技出版公司,2013.
20米特拉S K.数字信号处理:上册[M].孙洪,等,译.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
21俞一彪,孙兵.数字信号处理---理论与应用[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005.
22白竣文.无核白葡萄干燥动力学及防褐变机理研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.BAI Junwen.Drying kinetics and anti-browning mechanism of Thompson seedless grapes[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
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