梵净山垂直带土壤的发生学特性与系统分类研究
|
摘要
为了解贵州东北部山地土壤的发生学特性及土壤分布,选择梵净山地区采集了不同海拔高度的13个代表性土壤剖面,分析了其成土环境、土壤风化强度的垂直变化,鉴定了区内土壤的主要诊断层、诊断特性,并根据中国土壤系统分类对研究区土壤类型进行了分类。结果表明,随着海拔的增加,区内土壤温度状况由热性转变为温性,水分状况逐渐由湿润向常湿润转变。梵净山地区土壤风化较弱,土壤中存在较多的2∶1型矿物,土壤脱硅富铁铝化处于中下水平。土体厚度、土壤黏粒、全铁、游离氧化铁含量、铁游离度随海拔增加而下降,砾石含量、黏粒CEC、土壤ba值、黏粒Sa值随海拔增加而上升,部分土壤出现明显的黏化。区内土壤酸化明显,多数土壤的pH在5.5以下,部分土壤的铝饱和度超过了60%,土壤的平均铝饱和度随海拔增加而下降。研究区土壤黄化非常明显,土壤色调主要为10YR。共检出淋溶土、雏形土和新成土3个土纲,5个亚纲、8个土类和12个亚类,土壤类型主要由淋溶土和雏形土组成。亚纲在海拔高度变化上有一定的分布规律,随着海拔的上升,由湿润淋溶土、湿润雏形土向常湿淋溶土、常湿雏形土转变。
To understand the genetic characteristics and distribution of mountain soils in the Northeast Guizhou,thirteen representative soil profiles were sampled from different altitudes in the Fanjingshan Mountain region to discuss vertical changes of soil forming environment and weathering intensity, and to characterize main diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics of the soils in the region. And soil types in the region were classified according to the Chinese Soil Taxonomy. With the increase of altitude, soil temperature regime in the region changed from the thermic to the mesic, meanwhile soil moisture regime gradually changed from udic to perudic. On the whole, soil weathering in the Fanjingshan Mountain region was weak. There were more 2∶1 type minerals in the soils, and desilication and allitization of the soils were mainly moderate to weak. Soil thickness, contents of soil clay, total iron, free iron oxide and free degree of iron oxide decreased with increasing altitude, while contents of gravel, CEC, weathering and leaching coefficient(ba value) of soil and silica alumina ratio(Sa value) of clay increased with the increasing altitude.Some soil had obvious claying. Acidification of soil in the region was obvious, and pH value of most soil was less than5.5. Saturation of exchangeable Al in some soils was more than 60%, and the average Al saturation of soil decreased with increasing altitude. Soil yellowing was very obvious in the region with their hue mainly of 10 YR. A total of three soil orders(Argosols, Cambosols, and Primosols), five suborders, eight soil groups and twelve subgroups were identified. The soil type in this region was mainly composed of Argosols and Cambosols. Soil suborder was changed with the altitude. With increasing altitude, it changed from Udic Cambosols and Udic Argosols to Perudic Cambosols and Perudic Argosols.
To understand the genetic characteristics and distribution of mountain soils in the Northeast Guizhou,thirteen representative soil profiles were sampled from different altitudes in the Fanjingshan Mountain region to discuss vertical changes of soil forming environment and weathering intensity, and to characterize main diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics of the soils in the region. And soil types in the region were classified according to the Chinese Soil Taxonomy. With the increase of altitude, soil temperature regime in the region changed from the thermic to the mesic, meanwhile soil moisture regime gradually changed from udic to perudic. On the whole, soil weathering in the Fanjingshan Mountain region was weak. There were more 2∶1 type minerals in the soils, and desilication and allitization of the soils were mainly moderate to weak. Soil thickness, contents of soil clay, total iron, free iron oxide and free degree of iron oxide decreased with increasing altitude, while contents of gravel, CEC, weathering and leaching coefficient(ba value) of soil and silica alumina ratio(Sa value) of clay increased with the increasing altitude.Some soil had obvious claying. Acidification of soil in the region was obvious, and pH value of most soil was less than5.5. Saturation of exchangeable Al in some soils was more than 60%, and the average Al saturation of soil decreased with increasing altitude. Soil yellowing was very obvious in the region with their hue mainly of 10 YR. A total of three soil orders(Argosols, Cambosols, and Primosols), five suborders, eight soil groups and twelve subgroups were identified. The soil type in this region was mainly composed of Argosols and Cambosols. Soil suborder was changed with the altitude. With increasing altitude, it changed from Udic Cambosols and Udic Argosols to Perudic Cambosols and Perudic Argosols.
引文
[1]方标.贵州梵净山区域两次大暴雨天气综合分析[J].气象研究与应用,2017,38(4):39-44,118.
[2]张珍明,石磊,张玉武,等.梵净山固氮优势维管植物垂直分布及土壤性状特征[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(6):2624-2629.
[3]张珍珍,熊康宁,黄登红.近30年来梵净山植被覆盖时空变化及影响因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):183-189,389.
[4]周政,陈浒,林丹丹,等.梵净山常绿落叶阔叶混交林带附生苔藓螨类群落研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(6):713-721.
[5]贵州省农业厅,中国科学院南京土壤研究所.贵州土壤[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1980,79-89.
[6]贵州省土壤普查办公室编.贵州省土壤[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1994,80-85.
[7]罗倩,张珍明,向准,等.梵净山自然保护区林地土壤重金属分布与富集特征[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(10):2352-2359.
[8]舒锟,张家春,张珍明,等.不同海拔梯度下梵净山土壤机械组成及养分特征[J].四川农业大学学报,2017,35(1):52-59.
[9]颜秋晓,高安勤,林昌虎,等.梵净山珍稀植物林下土壤颗粒特征及化学性质[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(12):2922-2929.
[10]颜秋晓,张维勇,石磊,等.梵净山自然保护区不同海拔林下土壤养分特征[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(8):146-150.
[11]路岑,张维勇,石磊,等.梵净山不同植被类型下土壤养分的差异[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(2):177-181.
[12]颜秋晓,高安勤,林昌虎,等.梵净山主要珍稀植物土壤性状研究概况[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(6):905-910.
[13]李兴中,王立亭,刘家仁,等.梵净山第四纪冰川地质研究[J].贵州地质,2013,30(3):203-212,202.
[14]张珍明,黄冬福,张家春,等.梵净山冷杉与珙桐产地土壤碳、氮、磷分布特征[J].北方园艺,2016(6):163-168.
[15]李相楹,张维勇,刘峰,等.不同海拔高度下梵净山土壤碳、氮、磷分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):19-24.
[16]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组.土壤野外描述、水热动态观测方法及土壤信息系统(中国土壤系统分类用)[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[17]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组.中国土壤系统分类用土壤实验室分析项目及方法规范[M].北京:科学出版社,1991,30-90.
[18]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012,8-187.
[19]章明奎,何振立,黄昌勇,等.浙江省三种红、紫色砂页岩发育土壤的矿物研究[J].土壤学报,1999,36(3):308-317.
[20]曾维琪,殷细宽.衡山土壤的粘粒矿物[J].土壤学报,1986,23(3):243-250,290.
[21]章明奎,WILSON M J,何振立,等.Mineralogical characteristics of some red soils in southern China[J].浙江农业大学学报,1998,24(4):113-119.
[22]浙江省土壤普查办公室.浙江土壤[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1994,58-59.
[23]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组,中国土壤系统分类课题协作组.中国土壤系统分类检索(第3版)[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2001.
[2]张珍明,石磊,张玉武,等.梵净山固氮优势维管植物垂直分布及土壤性状特征[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(6):2624-2629.
[3]张珍珍,熊康宁,黄登红.近30年来梵净山植被覆盖时空变化及影响因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):183-189,389.
[4]周政,陈浒,林丹丹,等.梵净山常绿落叶阔叶混交林带附生苔藓螨类群落研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(6):713-721.
[5]贵州省农业厅,中国科学院南京土壤研究所.贵州土壤[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1980,79-89.
[6]贵州省土壤普查办公室编.贵州省土壤[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1994,80-85.
[7]罗倩,张珍明,向准,等.梵净山自然保护区林地土壤重金属分布与富集特征[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(10):2352-2359.
[8]舒锟,张家春,张珍明,等.不同海拔梯度下梵净山土壤机械组成及养分特征[J].四川农业大学学报,2017,35(1):52-59.
[9]颜秋晓,高安勤,林昌虎,等.梵净山珍稀植物林下土壤颗粒特征及化学性质[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(12):2922-2929.
[10]颜秋晓,张维勇,石磊,等.梵净山自然保护区不同海拔林下土壤养分特征[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(8):146-150.
[11]路岑,张维勇,石磊,等.梵净山不同植被类型下土壤养分的差异[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(2):177-181.
[12]颜秋晓,高安勤,林昌虎,等.梵净山主要珍稀植物土壤性状研究概况[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(6):905-910.
[13]李兴中,王立亭,刘家仁,等.梵净山第四纪冰川地质研究[J].贵州地质,2013,30(3):203-212,202.
[14]张珍明,黄冬福,张家春,等.梵净山冷杉与珙桐产地土壤碳、氮、磷分布特征[J].北方园艺,2016(6):163-168.
[15]李相楹,张维勇,刘峰,等.不同海拔高度下梵净山土壤碳、氮、磷分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):19-24.
[16]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组.土壤野外描述、水热动态观测方法及土壤信息系统(中国土壤系统分类用)[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[17]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组.中国土壤系统分类用土壤实验室分析项目及方法规范[M].北京:科学出版社,1991,30-90.
[18]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012,8-187.
[19]章明奎,何振立,黄昌勇,等.浙江省三种红、紫色砂页岩发育土壤的矿物研究[J].土壤学报,1999,36(3):308-317.
[20]曾维琪,殷细宽.衡山土壤的粘粒矿物[J].土壤学报,1986,23(3):243-250,290.
[21]章明奎,WILSON M J,何振立,等.Mineralogical characteristics of some red soils in southern China[J].浙江农业大学学报,1998,24(4):113-119.
[22]浙江省土壤普查办公室.浙江土壤[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1994,58-59.
[23]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组,中国土壤系统分类课题协作组.中国土壤系统分类检索(第3版)[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2001.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |