体外产气法研究牛至油对绵羊瘤胃发酵特性和甲烷产量的影响
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摘要
本试验采用体外产气法研究在体外培养液中添加牛至油对绵羊瘤胃发酵特性和甲烷产量的影响。采用单因素完全随机试验设计,在培养液中分别添加0(对照)、100、200、300和400 mg/L牛至油,每组5个重复。发酵12 h后,测定总产气量、甲烷产量及培养液p H,总氮、氨氮、尿素氮、蛋白氮浓度及挥发性脂肪酸浓度和比例。结果表明:1)培养液中添加100、200、300和400 mg/L牛至油均显著升高了培养液p H(P<0.05);高添加水平(300、400 mg/L)的牛至油显著降低了培养液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丙酸比例(P<0.05),显著升高了培养液乙酸比例和乙酸/丙酸(P<0.05),抑制了瘤胃发酵。2)与对照组相比,除100 mg/L牛至油组外,其余各试验组培养液氨氮浓度均显著降低(P<0.05)。3)高添加水平(300、400 mg/L)的牛至油在显著降低甲烷产量的同时也显著降低了总产气量(P<0.05)。由此可知,牛至油能调控瘤胃发酵和降低甲烷产量,但过高添加水平对绵羊瘤胃发酵有抑制作用,体外条件下最适添加水平为200 mg/L。
This study aimed to explore the effects of oregano oil on ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane production of sheep by gas production technique in vitro. A single-factor experimental design was used. Oregano oil was added in culture medium for different groups at levels of 0( control),100,200,300 and 400 mg/L,respectively. Each group had 5 replicates. After fermented for 12 h,methane production,total gas production,as well as p H,concentrations of total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,urea nitrogen and protein nitrogen,and concentrations and proportions of volatile fatty acids in culture medium were measured. The results showed as follows: 1) the addition of oregano oil at levels of 100,200,300 and 400 mg/L all significantly increased culture medium p H( P < 0.05); the addition of high levels( 300 and 400 mg/L) of oregano oil significantly decreased the concentration of total volatile fatty acids and the proportion of propionate( P <0.05),and significantly increased the proportion of acetate and the ratio of acetate to propionate in culture medium( P < 0. 05). 2) Compared with control group,the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was significantly decreased in experimental groups except 100 mg/L oregano oil group( P < 0.05). 3) The addition of high levels( 300 and 400 mg/L) of oregano oil significantly decreased methane production and total gas production(P<0.05). In conclusion,oregano oil can regulate ruminal fermentation and reduce methane production,but the over-high addition level had inhibination effects on ruminal fermentation,and the optimum adding level is200 mg/L under in vitro conditions.
This study aimed to explore the effects of oregano oil on ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane production of sheep by gas production technique in vitro. A single-factor experimental design was used. Oregano oil was added in culture medium for different groups at levels of 0( control),100,200,300 and 400 mg/L,respectively. Each group had 5 replicates. After fermented for 12 h,methane production,total gas production,as well as p H,concentrations of total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,urea nitrogen and protein nitrogen,and concentrations and proportions of volatile fatty acids in culture medium were measured. The results showed as follows: 1) the addition of oregano oil at levels of 100,200,300 and 400 mg/L all significantly increased culture medium p H( P < 0.05); the addition of high levels( 300 and 400 mg/L) of oregano oil significantly decreased the concentration of total volatile fatty acids and the proportion of propionate( P <0.05),and significantly increased the proportion of acetate and the ratio of acetate to propionate in culture medium( P < 0. 05). 2) Compared with control group,the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was significantly decreased in experimental groups except 100 mg/L oregano oil group( P < 0.05). 3) The addition of high levels( 300 and 400 mg/L) of oregano oil significantly decreased methane production and total gas production(P<0.05). In conclusion,oregano oil can regulate ruminal fermentation and reduce methane production,but the over-high addition level had inhibination effects on ruminal fermentation,and the optimum adding level is200 mg/L under in vitro conditions.
引文
[1]张勇,王萌,李方方,等.三丁酸甘油酯和牛至油对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和营养物质表观消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2786-2794.
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[3]BUSQUET M,CALSAMIGLIA S,FERRET A,et al.Plant extracts affect in vitro rum en m icrobial ferm entation.[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(2):761-771.
[4]谢仲权,牛树琦.天然植物饲料添加剂生产技术与质量标准[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2004:3-4.
[5]张善芝.日粮添加牛至油对夏季肉牛生长性能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2011,43(7):39-41.
[6]ZHOU Y Y,MAO H L,JIANG F,et al.Inhibition of rum en m ethanogenesis by tea saponins w ith reference to ferm entation pattern and m icrobial com m unities in Hu sheep[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2011,166-167:93-100.
[7]周怿,刁其玉.反刍动物瘤胃甲烷气体生成的调控[J].草食家畜,2008(4):21-24.
[8]MENKE K H,STEINGASS H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chem ical analysis and in vitro gas production using rum en fluid[J].Anim al Research and Developm ent,1988,28:7-55.
[9]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1993.
[10]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,2010(4):40-41.
[11]OWENS F N,SECRIST D S,HILL W J,et al.Acidosis in cattle:a review[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1998,76(1):275-286.
[12]郝正里,刘世民,孟宪政.反刍动物营养学[M].兰州:甘肃民族出版社,2000:3-4.
[13]徐方华.牛至油及主要成分对瘤胃发酵特性和甲烷产量影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.延吉:延边大学,2014:15-17.
[14]EVANS J D,MARTIN S A.Effects of thymol on rum inal m icroorganism s[J].Current M icrobiology,2000,41(5):336-340.
[15]ENEMARK J M D,JRGENSEN R J,ST ENEM ARK P.Rum en acidosis w ith special em phasis on diagnostic aspects of subclinical rum en acidosis:a review[J].Veterinarija Ir Zootechnika,2002,20(42):16-29.
[16]邬宇航,刘大程,胡红莲,等.亚急性瘤胃酸中毒对瘤胃发酵和瘤胃微生物区系影响的研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(19):86-90.
[17]VAN SOEST P J.Nutritional ecology of the ruminant[M].Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1994.
[18]林波,纪苗苗,梁权,等.肉桂油和牛至油及其主要成分对体外瘤胃发酵和甲烷产生的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2011,31(2):279-282,287.
[19]CASTILLEJOS L,CALSAMIGLIA S,FERRET A.Effect of essential oil active com pounds on rum en m icrobial ferm entation and nutrient flow in in vitro system s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(7):2649-2658.
[20]PATRA A K,YU Z T.Effects of essential oils on m ethane production and ferm entation by,and abundance and diversity of,rum en m icrobial populations[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2012,78(12):4271-4280.
[21]PATRA A K,YU Z T.Essential oils affect populations of som e rum en bacteria in vitro as revealed by m icroarray(Rum en Bact Array)analysis[J].Frontiers in M icrobiology,2015,6:297.
[22]BEAUCHEMIN K A,MCGINN S M.Methane emissions from beef cattle:effects of fum aric acid,essential oil,and canola oil[J].Journal of Anim al Science,2006,84(6):1489-1496.
[23]CHAVES A V,HE M L,YANG W Z,et al.Effects of essential oils on proteolytic,deam inative and m ethanogenic activities of m ixed rum inal bacteria[J].Canadian Journal of Anim al Science,2008,88(1):117-122.
[24]CASTILLEJOS L,CALSAMIGLIA S,FERRET A,et al.Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds and the type of diet on rum en m icrobial ferm entation and nutrient flow from a continuous culture system[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2005,119(1/2):29-41.
[25]CHAVES A V,STANFORD K,GIBSON L L,et al.Effects of carvacrol and cinnam aldehyde on intake,rum en ferm entation,grow th perform ance,and carcass characteristics of grow ing lam bs[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2008,145(1/2/3/4):396-408.
[26]周安国,陈代文.动物营养学[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2010:40.
[27]白乌日汗.植物精油及其他活性成分对奶牛瘤胃发酵功能影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009:36-37.
[28]FLYTHE M D.The antimicrobial effects of hops(Humulus lupulus L.)on rum inal hyper am m onia-producing bacteria[J].Letters in Applied M icrobiology,2009,48(6):712-717.
[29]BENCHAAR C,CALSAMIGLIA S,CHAVES A V,et al.A review of plant-derived essential oils in rum inant nutrition and production[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2008,145(1/2/3/4):209-228.
[30]MCINTOSH F M,WILLIAMS P,LOSA R,et al.Effects of essential oils on rum inal m icroorganism s and their protein m etabolism[J].Applied and Environm ental M icrobiology,2003,69(8):5011-5014.
[31]CLARK J H,KLUSMEYER T H,CAMERON M R.M icrobial protein synthesis and flow s of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(8):2304-2323.
[32]CHAUDHARY P P,GOEL N,BAKER G,et al.Influence of essential oils supplem entation on rum en ferm entation profile and rum inal m icrobial population in vitro[J].Journal of Science,2016,1(4):25-34.
[33]GNAL M,PINSKI B,ABUGHAZALEH A A.Evaluating the effects of essential oils on m ethane production and ferm entation under in vitro conditions[J].Italian Journal of Anim al Science,2017,16(3):500-506.
[34]MACHEBOEUF D,MORGAVI D P,PAPON Y,et al.Dose-response effects of essential oils on in vitro ferm entation activity of the rum en m icrobial population.[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2008,145(1/2/3/4):335-350.
[35]WANG C J,WANG S P,ZHOU H.Influences of flavom ycin,ropadiar,and saponin on nutrient digestibility,rum en ferm entation,and m ethane em ission from sheep[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2009,148(2/3/4):157-166.
[36]CIESLAK A,SZUMACHER-STRABEL M,STOCHM AL A,et al.Plant com ponents w ith specific activities against rum en m ethanogens[J].Anim al,2013,7(Suppl.2):253-265.
[2]COBELLIS G,PETROZZI A,FORTE C,et al.Evaluation of the effects of m itigation on m ethane and amm onia production by using Origanum vulgare L.and Rosmarinus officinalis L.essential oils on in vitro rum en ferm entation system s[J].Sustainability,2015,7(9):12856-12869.
[3]BUSQUET M,CALSAMIGLIA S,FERRET A,et al.Plant extracts affect in vitro rum en m icrobial ferm entation.[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(2):761-771.
[4]谢仲权,牛树琦.天然植物饲料添加剂生产技术与质量标准[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2004:3-4.
[5]张善芝.日粮添加牛至油对夏季肉牛生长性能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2011,43(7):39-41.
[6]ZHOU Y Y,MAO H L,JIANG F,et al.Inhibition of rum en m ethanogenesis by tea saponins w ith reference to ferm entation pattern and m icrobial com m unities in Hu sheep[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2011,166-167:93-100.
[7]周怿,刁其玉.反刍动物瘤胃甲烷气体生成的调控[J].草食家畜,2008(4):21-24.
[8]MENKE K H,STEINGASS H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chem ical analysis and in vitro gas production using rum en fluid[J].Anim al Research and Developm ent,1988,28:7-55.
[9]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1993.
[10]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,2010(4):40-41.
[11]OWENS F N,SECRIST D S,HILL W J,et al.Acidosis in cattle:a review[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1998,76(1):275-286.
[12]郝正里,刘世民,孟宪政.反刍动物营养学[M].兰州:甘肃民族出版社,2000:3-4.
[13]徐方华.牛至油及主要成分对瘤胃发酵特性和甲烷产量影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.延吉:延边大学,2014:15-17.
[14]EVANS J D,MARTIN S A.Effects of thymol on rum inal m icroorganism s[J].Current M icrobiology,2000,41(5):336-340.
[15]ENEMARK J M D,JRGENSEN R J,ST ENEM ARK P.Rum en acidosis w ith special em phasis on diagnostic aspects of subclinical rum en acidosis:a review[J].Veterinarija Ir Zootechnika,2002,20(42):16-29.
[16]邬宇航,刘大程,胡红莲,等.亚急性瘤胃酸中毒对瘤胃发酵和瘤胃微生物区系影响的研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(19):86-90.
[17]VAN SOEST P J.Nutritional ecology of the ruminant[M].Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1994.
[18]林波,纪苗苗,梁权,等.肉桂油和牛至油及其主要成分对体外瘤胃发酵和甲烷产生的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2011,31(2):279-282,287.
[19]CASTILLEJOS L,CALSAMIGLIA S,FERRET A.Effect of essential oil active com pounds on rum en m icrobial ferm entation and nutrient flow in in vitro system s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(7):2649-2658.
[20]PATRA A K,YU Z T.Effects of essential oils on m ethane production and ferm entation by,and abundance and diversity of,rum en m icrobial populations[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2012,78(12):4271-4280.
[21]PATRA A K,YU Z T.Essential oils affect populations of som e rum en bacteria in vitro as revealed by m icroarray(Rum en Bact Array)analysis[J].Frontiers in M icrobiology,2015,6:297.
[22]BEAUCHEMIN K A,MCGINN S M.Methane emissions from beef cattle:effects of fum aric acid,essential oil,and canola oil[J].Journal of Anim al Science,2006,84(6):1489-1496.
[23]CHAVES A V,HE M L,YANG W Z,et al.Effects of essential oils on proteolytic,deam inative and m ethanogenic activities of m ixed rum inal bacteria[J].Canadian Journal of Anim al Science,2008,88(1):117-122.
[24]CASTILLEJOS L,CALSAMIGLIA S,FERRET A,et al.Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds and the type of diet on rum en m icrobial ferm entation and nutrient flow from a continuous culture system[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2005,119(1/2):29-41.
[25]CHAVES A V,STANFORD K,GIBSON L L,et al.Effects of carvacrol and cinnam aldehyde on intake,rum en ferm entation,grow th perform ance,and carcass characteristics of grow ing lam bs[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2008,145(1/2/3/4):396-408.
[26]周安国,陈代文.动物营养学[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2010:40.
[27]白乌日汗.植物精油及其他活性成分对奶牛瘤胃发酵功能影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009:36-37.
[28]FLYTHE M D.The antimicrobial effects of hops(Humulus lupulus L.)on rum inal hyper am m onia-producing bacteria[J].Letters in Applied M icrobiology,2009,48(6):712-717.
[29]BENCHAAR C,CALSAMIGLIA S,CHAVES A V,et al.A review of plant-derived essential oils in rum inant nutrition and production[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2008,145(1/2/3/4):209-228.
[30]MCINTOSH F M,WILLIAMS P,LOSA R,et al.Effects of essential oils on rum inal m icroorganism s and their protein m etabolism[J].Applied and Environm ental M icrobiology,2003,69(8):5011-5014.
[31]CLARK J H,KLUSMEYER T H,CAMERON M R.M icrobial protein synthesis and flow s of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(8):2304-2323.
[32]CHAUDHARY P P,GOEL N,BAKER G,et al.Influence of essential oils supplem entation on rum en ferm entation profile and rum inal m icrobial population in vitro[J].Journal of Science,2016,1(4):25-34.
[33]GNAL M,PINSKI B,ABUGHAZALEH A A.Evaluating the effects of essential oils on m ethane production and ferm entation under in vitro conditions[J].Italian Journal of Anim al Science,2017,16(3):500-506.
[34]MACHEBOEUF D,MORGAVI D P,PAPON Y,et al.Dose-response effects of essential oils on in vitro ferm entation activity of the rum en m icrobial population.[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2008,145(1/2/3/4):335-350.
[35]WANG C J,WANG S P,ZHOU H.Influences of flavom ycin,ropadiar,and saponin on nutrient digestibility,rum en ferm entation,and m ethane em ission from sheep[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2009,148(2/3/4):157-166.
[36]CIESLAK A,SZUMACHER-STRABEL M,STOCHM AL A,et al.Plant com ponents w ith specific activities against rum en m ethanogens[J].Anim al,2013,7(Suppl.2):253-265.
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