海上油田复合砂体构型解剖方法及其应用
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摘要
在一定的地质时期内,成因相联系的多期单砂体在空间叠置形成复合砂体,其内部结构复杂,具有强非均质性。进入油田开发中后期,砂组或小层级别的复合砂体构型成为储层研究的重点。根据砂体的复合程度以及对流体的控制作用,将其内部的结构关系分为尖灭型、接触型、切叠型和叠加型四类。在海上油田少井条件下,基于沉积成因与结构类型,总结了砂体结构的井震响应特征,形成了"地震导向、井震联合"的构型解剖思路,建立了一套从单井到剖面再到平面的解剖与表征方法:根据测井曲线形态、厚度等分析井点处砂体的期次和组合关系,并预测井间的砂体结构;利用垂向高程差异和横向结构类敏感地震属性的约束,识别骨干剖面上砂体的期次与边界;利用井点和骨干剖面对构型单元的控制,以平面地震属性为导向,进行砂体空间组合,融合多信息,实现复合砂体构型的平面表征。渤海BZ油田新近系明下段的典型实例研究表明,复合砂体构型解剖成果能够有效指导储层连通性分析、剩余油分布预测以及油田开发中后期的开发调整策略等。
In certain geological period,multiphase sand bodies with genetic relation were superposed in space and formed composite sand bodies,which are characterized by complex internal structure and strong heterogeneity. In the middle and late stages of oilfield development,the architecture of composite sand bodies in sand formation or subzone became the focus of reservoir research. The internal structure of sand bodies can be divided into four types: pinch-out type,contact type,cut type and superposition type based on their composite degree and control function over the fluid.For offshore scenario with few wells,the well logging and seismic response characteristics of composite sand bodies were summarized based on sedimentary genesis and structure type; the architecture anatomy thinking of "guided by seismic data and combine well logging data with seismic data"was established,and one set of anatomy and characterization methods was formed from perspective of single well to profile and further to plane. The stages and combination relation of sand bodies at well points are analyzed according to the shape of well logging curves and sand thickness,and the interwell distribution of sand bodies is predicted. The identification of sand body stages and boundaries on the backbone profile is realized by using the difference of vertical height and the limits of sensitive seismic attributes of lateral structures.By using the control function of well point and backbone profile over the architecture unit and taking the plane seismic attribute as the guide,the spatial combination of sand bodies is carried out,and the plane characterization of the composite sand bodies' architecture is achieved by fusing multiple information. The study in the lower member of Minghuazhen Formation(Neogene) in Bohai oilfield proves that the anatomy results of composite sand body architecture can provide effective guidance for the analysis of reservoir connectivity,the prediction of residual oil distribution,and development strategy adjustment in the middle and later stages of oilfield development.
In certain geological period,multiphase sand bodies with genetic relation were superposed in space and formed composite sand bodies,which are characterized by complex internal structure and strong heterogeneity. In the middle and late stages of oilfield development,the architecture of composite sand bodies in sand formation or subzone became the focus of reservoir research. The internal structure of sand bodies can be divided into four types: pinch-out type,contact type,cut type and superposition type based on their composite degree and control function over the fluid.For offshore scenario with few wells,the well logging and seismic response characteristics of composite sand bodies were summarized based on sedimentary genesis and structure type; the architecture anatomy thinking of "guided by seismic data and combine well logging data with seismic data"was established,and one set of anatomy and characterization methods was formed from perspective of single well to profile and further to plane. The stages and combination relation of sand bodies at well points are analyzed according to the shape of well logging curves and sand thickness,and the interwell distribution of sand bodies is predicted. The identification of sand body stages and boundaries on the backbone profile is realized by using the difference of vertical height and the limits of sensitive seismic attributes of lateral structures.By using the control function of well point and backbone profile over the architecture unit and taking the plane seismic attribute as the guide,the spatial combination of sand bodies is carried out,and the plane characterization of the composite sand bodies' architecture is achieved by fusing multiple information. The study in the lower member of Minghuazhen Formation(Neogene) in Bohai oilfield proves that the anatomy results of composite sand body architecture can provide effective guidance for the analysis of reservoir connectivity,the prediction of residual oil distribution,and development strategy adjustment in the middle and later stages of oilfield development.
引文
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[6]吴胜和,翟瑞,李宇鹏.地下储层构型表征:现状与展望[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):15-23.WU Shenghe,ZHAI Rui,LI Yupeng.Subsurface reservoir architecture characterization:Current status and prospects[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):15-23.
[7]岳大力,吴胜和,刘建民.曲流河点坝地下储层构型精细解剖方法[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):99-103.YUE Dali,WU Shenghe,LIU Jianmin.An accurate method for anatomizing architecture of subsurface reservoir in point bar of meandering river[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):99-103.
[8]马世忠,杨清彦.曲流点坝沉积模式、三维构形及其非均质模型[J].沉积学报,2000,18(2):241-247.MA Shizhong,YANG Qingyan.The depositional model,3-D architecture and heterogeneous model of point bar in meandering channels[J].Acta Sedimentological Sinica,2000,18(2):241-247.
[9]吴胜和.储层表征与建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010.
[10]王飞琼,赵春明,程明佳,等.渤海油田开发过程控制及效果[J].中国海上油气,2012,24(6):34-37.WANG Feiqiong,ZHAO Chunming,CHENG Mingjia,et al.A process control of development and its effects in Bohai oilfields[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2012,24(6);34-37.
[11]刘超,赵春明,廖新武,等.海上油田大井距条件下曲流河储层内部构型精细解剖及应用分析[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(1):58-64.LIU Chao,ZHAO Chunming,LIAO Xinwu,et al.A refined anato-my of the internal structure of meandering river reservoir under large well spacing in offshore oilfields and its application[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(1):58-64.
[12]胡光义,范廷恩,陈飞,等.从储层构型到的“地震构型相”:一种河流相高精度概念模型的表征方法[J].地质学报,2017,91(2):465-478.HU Guangyi,FAN Tingen,CHEN Fei,et al.From reservoir architecture to seismic architecture facies:characteristic method of a high-resolution fluvial facies model[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(2):465-478.
[13]井涌泉,范洪军,陈飞,等.基于波形分类技术预测河流相砂体叠置模式[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(3):1163-1167.JING Yongquan,FAN Hongjun,CHEN Fei,et al.Application of waveform classification in the prediction of fluvial facies interbedded sandstone reservoirs[J].Process in Geophysics,2014,29(3):1163-1167.
[14]范洪军,范廷恩,王晖,等.地震波形分类技术在河流相储层研究中的应用[J].CT理论与应用研究,2014,23(1):71-80.FAN Hongjun,FAN Tingen,WANG Hui,et al.Application of seismic waveform classification technique in the study of fluvial reservoir[J].CT Theory and Applications,2014,23(1):71-80.
[15]胡光义,范廷恩,梁旭,等.河流相储层复合砂体构型概念体系、表征方法及其在渤海油田开发中的应用探索[J].中国海上油气,2018,30(1):89-98.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.011.HU Guangyi,FAN Tingen,LIANG Xu,et al.Concept system and characterization method of compound sandbody architecture in fluvial reservoir and its application exploration in development of Bohai oilfield[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2018,30(1):89-98.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.011.
[16]於崇文.揭示地质现象的本质与核心:地质作用与时-空结构[J].地学前缘,2000,7(1):2-12.YU Chongwen.Revealing the essence and crux of geological phenomena:Geological processes and spatio-temporal structures[J].Geoscience Frontiers,2000,7(1):2-12.
[17]ALLEN J R L.Studies in fluviatile sedimentation:bars,bar complexes and sandstone sheets(lower-sinuosity braided streams)in the Brownstones(L.Devonian),Welsh Borders[J].Sedimentary Geology,1983,33(4):237-293.
[18]MIALL A D.Architectural elements and bounding surfaces in fluvial deposits:anatomy of the Kayenta Formation(Lower Jurassic),Southwest Colorado[J].Sedimentary Geology,1988,55(3-4):233-262.
[19]吴胜和,纪友亮,岳大力,等.碎屑沉积地质体构型分级方案探讨[J].高校地质学报,2013,19(1):12-22.WU Shenghe,JI Youliang,YUE Dali,et al.Discussion on hierarchical scheme of architecture units in clastic deposits[J].Geological Journal of China University,2013,19(1):12-22.
[20]MIALL A D.The geology of fluvial deposits[M].Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,1996:75-178.
[21]岳大力,胡光义,李伟,等.井震结合的曲流河储层构型表征方法及其应用:以秦皇岛32-6油田为例[J].中国海上油气,2018,30(1):99-109.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.012.YUE Dali,HU Guangyi,LI Wei,et al.Meandering fluvial reservoir architecture characterization method and application by combining well logging and seismic data:a case study of QHD32-6 oilfield[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2018,30(1):99-109.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.012.
[22]张显文,胡光义,范廷恩,等.河流相储层结构地震响应分析与预测[J].中国海上油气,2018,30(1):110-117.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.013.ZHANG Xianwen,HU Guangyi,FAN Tingen,et al.Seismic response analysis and prediction for fluvial reservoir architecture[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2018,30(1):110-117.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.013.
[23]马世忠,吕桂友,闫百泉,等.河道单砂体“建筑结构控三维非均质模式”研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):57-64.MA Shizhong,LV Guiyou,YAN Baiquan,et al.Research on three-dimensional heterogeneous model of channel sandbody controlled by architecture[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(1):57-64.
[2]胡光义,陈飞,范廷恩,等.渤海海域S油田新近系明化镇组河流相复合砂体叠置样式分析[J].沉积学报,2014,32(3):586-592.HUANG Guangyi,CHEN Fei,FAN Tingen,et al.Analysis of fluvial facies compound sandbody architecture of the Neogene Minghuazhen Formation of S oilfield in the Bohai Bay[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(3):586-592.
[3]陈飞,胡光义,范廷恩,等.渤海海域W油田新近系明化镇组河流相砂体结构特征[J].地学前缘,2015,22(2):207-213.CHEN Fei,HU Guangyi,FAN Tingen,et al.Sandbody architecture and sequence stratigraphy of fluvial facies,Neogene Minghuzhen Formation,W oilfield,Bohai bay[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(2):207-213.
[4]于兴河.油田开发中后期储层面临的问题与基于沉积成因的地质表征方法[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):1-14.YU Xinghe.Existing problems and sedimentogenesis-based methods of reservoir characterization during the middle and later periods of oilfield development[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):1-14.
[5]于兴河,李胜利.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学的发展历程与热点问题思考[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):880-895.YU Xinghe,LI Shengli.The development and hotspot problems of clastic petroleum reservoir sedimentology[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):880-895.
[6]吴胜和,翟瑞,李宇鹏.地下储层构型表征:现状与展望[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):15-23.WU Shenghe,ZHAI Rui,LI Yupeng.Subsurface reservoir architecture characterization:Current status and prospects[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):15-23.
[7]岳大力,吴胜和,刘建民.曲流河点坝地下储层构型精细解剖方法[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):99-103.YUE Dali,WU Shenghe,LIU Jianmin.An accurate method for anatomizing architecture of subsurface reservoir in point bar of meandering river[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):99-103.
[8]马世忠,杨清彦.曲流点坝沉积模式、三维构形及其非均质模型[J].沉积学报,2000,18(2):241-247.MA Shizhong,YANG Qingyan.The depositional model,3-D architecture and heterogeneous model of point bar in meandering channels[J].Acta Sedimentological Sinica,2000,18(2):241-247.
[9]吴胜和.储层表征与建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010.
[10]王飞琼,赵春明,程明佳,等.渤海油田开发过程控制及效果[J].中国海上油气,2012,24(6):34-37.WANG Feiqiong,ZHAO Chunming,CHENG Mingjia,et al.A process control of development and its effects in Bohai oilfields[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2012,24(6);34-37.
[11]刘超,赵春明,廖新武,等.海上油田大井距条件下曲流河储层内部构型精细解剖及应用分析[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(1):58-64.LIU Chao,ZHAO Chunming,LIAO Xinwu,et al.A refined anato-my of the internal structure of meandering river reservoir under large well spacing in offshore oilfields and its application[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(1):58-64.
[12]胡光义,范廷恩,陈飞,等.从储层构型到的“地震构型相”:一种河流相高精度概念模型的表征方法[J].地质学报,2017,91(2):465-478.HU Guangyi,FAN Tingen,CHEN Fei,et al.From reservoir architecture to seismic architecture facies:characteristic method of a high-resolution fluvial facies model[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(2):465-478.
[13]井涌泉,范洪军,陈飞,等.基于波形分类技术预测河流相砂体叠置模式[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(3):1163-1167.JING Yongquan,FAN Hongjun,CHEN Fei,et al.Application of waveform classification in the prediction of fluvial facies interbedded sandstone reservoirs[J].Process in Geophysics,2014,29(3):1163-1167.
[14]范洪军,范廷恩,王晖,等.地震波形分类技术在河流相储层研究中的应用[J].CT理论与应用研究,2014,23(1):71-80.FAN Hongjun,FAN Tingen,WANG Hui,et al.Application of seismic waveform classification technique in the study of fluvial reservoir[J].CT Theory and Applications,2014,23(1):71-80.
[15]胡光义,范廷恩,梁旭,等.河流相储层复合砂体构型概念体系、表征方法及其在渤海油田开发中的应用探索[J].中国海上油气,2018,30(1):89-98.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.011.HU Guangyi,FAN Tingen,LIANG Xu,et al.Concept system and characterization method of compound sandbody architecture in fluvial reservoir and its application exploration in development of Bohai oilfield[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2018,30(1):89-98.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.011.
[16]於崇文.揭示地质现象的本质与核心:地质作用与时-空结构[J].地学前缘,2000,7(1):2-12.YU Chongwen.Revealing the essence and crux of geological phenomena:Geological processes and spatio-temporal structures[J].Geoscience Frontiers,2000,7(1):2-12.
[17]ALLEN J R L.Studies in fluviatile sedimentation:bars,bar complexes and sandstone sheets(lower-sinuosity braided streams)in the Brownstones(L.Devonian),Welsh Borders[J].Sedimentary Geology,1983,33(4):237-293.
[18]MIALL A D.Architectural elements and bounding surfaces in fluvial deposits:anatomy of the Kayenta Formation(Lower Jurassic),Southwest Colorado[J].Sedimentary Geology,1988,55(3-4):233-262.
[19]吴胜和,纪友亮,岳大力,等.碎屑沉积地质体构型分级方案探讨[J].高校地质学报,2013,19(1):12-22.WU Shenghe,JI Youliang,YUE Dali,et al.Discussion on hierarchical scheme of architecture units in clastic deposits[J].Geological Journal of China University,2013,19(1):12-22.
[20]MIALL A D.The geology of fluvial deposits[M].Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,1996:75-178.
[21]岳大力,胡光义,李伟,等.井震结合的曲流河储层构型表征方法及其应用:以秦皇岛32-6油田为例[J].中国海上油气,2018,30(1):99-109.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.012.YUE Dali,HU Guangyi,LI Wei,et al.Meandering fluvial reservoir architecture characterization method and application by combining well logging and seismic data:a case study of QHD32-6 oilfield[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2018,30(1):99-109.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.012.
[22]张显文,胡光义,范廷恩,等.河流相储层结构地震响应分析与预测[J].中国海上油气,2018,30(1):110-117.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.013.ZHANG Xianwen,HU Guangyi,FAN Tingen,et al.Seismic response analysis and prediction for fluvial reservoir architecture[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2018,30(1):110-117.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.013.
[23]马世忠,吕桂友,闫百泉,等.河道单砂体“建筑结构控三维非均质模式”研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):57-64.MA Shizhong,LV Guiyou,YAN Baiquan,et al.Research on three-dimensional heterogeneous model of channel sandbody controlled by architecture[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(1):57-64.
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