贵阳永温中学岩溶塌陷发育临界条件研究
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摘要
通过现场调查,永温中学校区内及周围存在7处塌陷点,1处塌陷隐患点,严重地威胁着该校师生生命财产安全。研究区基岩可溶性成分多,覆盖粘土层较薄,且地下水溶蚀性强,属于岩溶塌陷的高危险区。为了预防岩溶塌陷灾害,文章总结分析了研究区岩溶塌陷发育的裂隙-渗流-崩解模式,并通过室内模拟试验验证。模拟试验结果表明,土体含水量是崩解作用形成塌陷的关键参数。进一步开展8组不同含水量原状样的崩解试验,结果表明,研究区岩溶塌陷发育的土体含临界水量为26.8%,发育条件为0~26.8%。
There are 7 karst collapses happened and 1 potential collapse site in the Yongwen Middle School of Guiyang city,which pose a serious threat on the safety of teachers and students and property there.This site is characterized by highly soluble bedrock,thin covering clay layer and strong groundwater erosion;these have caused the site to be a high-risk karst collapse in this area.Through laboratory simulation test,it is realized that the karst collapse hazard follpwed a fissure-seepage-disintegration model.The results also show that the soil water content is critical in the disintegration and the formation of karst collapses.Furthermore,8 sets of undisturbed samples with different water content are used to conduct disintegration tests.They demonstrate that the water content of 26.8%is the critical value to trigger karst collapse,while 0~26.8% is the condition for generation of such a risk at the site.
There are 7 karst collapses happened and 1 potential collapse site in the Yongwen Middle School of Guiyang city,which pose a serious threat on the safety of teachers and students and property there.This site is characterized by highly soluble bedrock,thin covering clay layer and strong groundwater erosion;these have caused the site to be a high-risk karst collapse in this area.Through laboratory simulation test,it is realized that the karst collapse hazard follpwed a fissure-seepage-disintegration model.The results also show that the soil water content is critical in the disintegration and the formation of karst collapses.Furthermore,8 sets of undisturbed samples with different water content are used to conduct disintegration tests.They demonstrate that the water content of 26.8%is the critical value to trigger karst collapse,while 0~26.8% is the condition for generation of such a risk at the site.
引文
[1]姜伏伟.大藤峡水利枢纽工程防护区岩溶塌陷灾害防治综合研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015.
[2]石树静,张勤军,康志强.南宁市坛洛镇岩溶塌陷群成因机制分析[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(5):507-514.
[3]王延岭,陈伟清,蒋小珍,等.山东省泰莱盆地岩溶塌陷发育特征及形成机理[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(5):495-506.
[4]魏永耀,孙树林,黄敬军,等.徐州岩溶塌陷时空分布规律及成因分析[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(1):52-57.
[5]王飞,柴波,徐贵来,等.武汉市岩溶塌陷的演化机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2017,25(3):824-832.
[6]万志清,秦四清,李志刚,等.土洞形成的机理及起始条件[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1377-1382.
[7]谢忠球,万志清,钱海涛.人工抽水引起土洞扩展条件的分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37(4):778-782.
[8]蒋小珍,雷明堂,管振德.单层土体结构岩溶土洞的形成机理[J].中国岩溶,2012,31(4):426-432.
[9]Waltham T,Bell F,Culshaw.Sinkholes and subsidence[M].Karst and cavernous rocks in engineering and construction.Springer,Chichester,2005.
[10]White W B.Geomorphology and Hydrology of Karst Terrains[M].Oxford University Press:New York,1988:464.
[11]Ford D C,Williams P F.Karst Geomorphology and Hydrology[M].Unwin Hyman:London,1989:601.
[12]Sowers G F.Building on sinkholes[M].ASCE,NewYork,1996:202.
[13]Beck B F.Environmental and engineering effects of sinkholes:The processes behind the problems[J].Environ mental Geology Water Science,1988,12(2):71-78.
[14]余业雄,欧阳振华.地下水位下降引起地表塌陷的作用机理研究[J].露天采矿技术,2005(3):20-22.
[15]蒙彦,殷坤龙,雷明堂.水位波动诱发岩溶塌陷的概率分析[J].中国岩溶,2006,25(3):239-241,245.
[16]袁杰,高宗军,马海会.论岩溶地下水位对岩溶塌陷形成的控制作用-以山东枣庄市岩溶地面塌陷区为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):95-98.
[17]冯克印,郑庭明,董强,等.基于水动力场控制的岩溶塌陷预警预报研究[J].工程勘察,2006(10):29-31,37.
[18]蒋小珍,雷明堂,管振德.岩溶塌陷灾害的水动力条件危险性评价指标:以广西贵港青云村为例[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(6):1316-1321.
[19]陈冬琴,唐仲华.岩溶塌陷水动力-力学耦合过程数值模拟-以武汉市青菱乡为例[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(2):139-144.
[20]Fuwei Jiang.Experimental study on the critical triggering condition of soil failure in subsidence sinkholes.Environmental earth science.2015,74(1):693-701.
[21]Fuwei Jiang.A new method to test the anti-permeability strength of clay failure under high water pressure.Acta geotechnica slovenica,2015,12(2):37-43.
[22]姜伏伟.广西武宣土洞发育水动力条件评价[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,45(2):90-95.
[23]张鑫,崔可锐,査甫生.覆盖型岩溶塌陷临界水位降幅模型试验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(12):195-199.
[24]王滨,贺可强,孙建敏.岩溶塌陷临界土洞高度的确定:以唐山市体育场岩溶塌陷为例[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(3):320-324.
[25]王滨,贺可强.岩溶塌陷临界土洞的极限平衡高度公式[J].岩土力学,2006,27(3):458-462.
[26]肖武权.岩溶土洞稳定临界深度的初步研究[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(2):197-201.
[27]刘晓明,张旺林,吴从义.塌陷土洞的地面安全警戒距离研究[J].自然灾害学报,2015,24(1):158-163.
[28]姜伏伟.岩溶塌陷发育机理模式研究[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(6):759-763.
[2]石树静,张勤军,康志强.南宁市坛洛镇岩溶塌陷群成因机制分析[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(5):507-514.
[3]王延岭,陈伟清,蒋小珍,等.山东省泰莱盆地岩溶塌陷发育特征及形成机理[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(5):495-506.
[4]魏永耀,孙树林,黄敬军,等.徐州岩溶塌陷时空分布规律及成因分析[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(1):52-57.
[5]王飞,柴波,徐贵来,等.武汉市岩溶塌陷的演化机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2017,25(3):824-832.
[6]万志清,秦四清,李志刚,等.土洞形成的机理及起始条件[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1377-1382.
[7]谢忠球,万志清,钱海涛.人工抽水引起土洞扩展条件的分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37(4):778-782.
[8]蒋小珍,雷明堂,管振德.单层土体结构岩溶土洞的形成机理[J].中国岩溶,2012,31(4):426-432.
[9]Waltham T,Bell F,Culshaw.Sinkholes and subsidence[M].Karst and cavernous rocks in engineering and construction.Springer,Chichester,2005.
[10]White W B.Geomorphology and Hydrology of Karst Terrains[M].Oxford University Press:New York,1988:464.
[11]Ford D C,Williams P F.Karst Geomorphology and Hydrology[M].Unwin Hyman:London,1989:601.
[12]Sowers G F.Building on sinkholes[M].ASCE,NewYork,1996:202.
[13]Beck B F.Environmental and engineering effects of sinkholes:The processes behind the problems[J].Environ mental Geology Water Science,1988,12(2):71-78.
[14]余业雄,欧阳振华.地下水位下降引起地表塌陷的作用机理研究[J].露天采矿技术,2005(3):20-22.
[15]蒙彦,殷坤龙,雷明堂.水位波动诱发岩溶塌陷的概率分析[J].中国岩溶,2006,25(3):239-241,245.
[16]袁杰,高宗军,马海会.论岩溶地下水位对岩溶塌陷形成的控制作用-以山东枣庄市岩溶地面塌陷区为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):95-98.
[17]冯克印,郑庭明,董强,等.基于水动力场控制的岩溶塌陷预警预报研究[J].工程勘察,2006(10):29-31,37.
[18]蒋小珍,雷明堂,管振德.岩溶塌陷灾害的水动力条件危险性评价指标:以广西贵港青云村为例[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(6):1316-1321.
[19]陈冬琴,唐仲华.岩溶塌陷水动力-力学耦合过程数值模拟-以武汉市青菱乡为例[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(2):139-144.
[20]Fuwei Jiang.Experimental study on the critical triggering condition of soil failure in subsidence sinkholes.Environmental earth science.2015,74(1):693-701.
[21]Fuwei Jiang.A new method to test the anti-permeability strength of clay failure under high water pressure.Acta geotechnica slovenica,2015,12(2):37-43.
[22]姜伏伟.广西武宣土洞发育水动力条件评价[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,45(2):90-95.
[23]张鑫,崔可锐,査甫生.覆盖型岩溶塌陷临界水位降幅模型试验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(12):195-199.
[24]王滨,贺可强,孙建敏.岩溶塌陷临界土洞高度的确定:以唐山市体育场岩溶塌陷为例[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(3):320-324.
[25]王滨,贺可强.岩溶塌陷临界土洞的极限平衡高度公式[J].岩土力学,2006,27(3):458-462.
[26]肖武权.岩溶土洞稳定临界深度的初步研究[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(2):197-201.
[27]刘晓明,张旺林,吴从义.塌陷土洞的地面安全警戒距离研究[J].自然灾害学报,2015,24(1):158-163.
[28]姜伏伟.岩溶塌陷发育机理模式研究[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(6):759-763.
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