长江与鄱阳湖水文关系及其演变的定量分析
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摘要
鄱阳湖蓄水受到自身流域来水和长江流量的双重影响,利用长江汉口和鄱阳湖星子水文监测资料,统计分析后得到长江与鄱阳湖量化的水文关系:(1)如果汉口流量小于15 000 m~3/s,长江对鄱阳湖出流影响不明显,鄱阳湖基本上自由出流,湖水位变幅较大。(2)如果汉口流量超过18 000 m~3/s,长江对鄱阳湖出流顶托作用明显,汉口流量越大,顶托越显著,因顶托而滞蓄在湖盆的水量可达31.9%~81.4%。(3)如果星子水位10.5~16.5 m且汉口流量大于20 000 m~3/s,出现长江向鄱阳湖倒灌的可能性较大;星子水位低于8 m或鄱阳湖主汛期一般不会发生倒灌。2000年以后鄱阳湖与长江水文关系发生了一些变化,主要表现在长江对鄱阳湖出流顶托作用弱化,鄱阳湖枯水期提前并延长,湖水位日涨落幅度增大。定量研究这些关系,对于鄱阳湖水资源利用、水环境和水生态保护具有重要作用。
The storage in the Poyang Lake is affected by runoff from the watershed itself and the YangtzeRiver flow. The hydrological relationship between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake is obtained by statisti-cal analysis of hydrological monitoring data from Hankou and Xingzi stations, representing Yangtze and Poy-ang respectively.(1)When the flow of Hankou is less than 15,000 m3/s, the impact of the Yangtze Riveron the outflow of the Poyang Lake is not obvious, and the outflow from the lake is mainly free to go outwith larger rang of stage in the lake.(2)When the flow of Hankou exceeds 18,000 m3/s, the retarding roleof the Yangtze is becoming significant to the outflow from Poyang, storing 31.9% ~ 81.4% of inflow in thelake.(3)When the water level at Xingzi is between 10.5-16.5 m and the flow of Hankou is more than20,000 m3/s, the floodwater may flow from the Yangtze into the Poyang Lake. However, such phenomenamay not occur when the water level at Xingzi is lower than 8 m. Some changes have taken place in the re-lations between Poyang and Yangtze since 2000, which are mainly shown in weakening the retarding effectof the Yangtze River on the outflow of Poyang Lake, bringing forward and prolonging the dry season of thelake and magnifying the daily fluctuation amplitude of water level in the lake. Quantitative study of these re-lationships is of great importance to utilize water resources and to protect water environment and aquaticecology in the Poyang Lake.
The storage in the Poyang Lake is affected by runoff from the watershed itself and the YangtzeRiver flow. The hydrological relationship between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake is obtained by statisti-cal analysis of hydrological monitoring data from Hankou and Xingzi stations, representing Yangtze and Poy-ang respectively.(1)When the flow of Hankou is less than 15,000 m3/s, the impact of the Yangtze Riveron the outflow of the Poyang Lake is not obvious, and the outflow from the lake is mainly free to go outwith larger rang of stage in the lake.(2)When the flow of Hankou exceeds 18,000 m3/s, the retarding roleof the Yangtze is becoming significant to the outflow from Poyang, storing 31.9% ~ 81.4% of inflow in thelake.(3)When the water level at Xingzi is between 10.5-16.5 m and the flow of Hankou is more than20,000 m3/s, the floodwater may flow from the Yangtze into the Poyang Lake. However, such phenomenamay not occur when the water level at Xingzi is lower than 8 m. Some changes have taken place in the re-lations between Poyang and Yangtze since 2000, which are mainly shown in weakening the retarding effectof the Yangtze River on the outflow of Poyang Lake, bringing forward and prolonging the dry season of thelake and magnifying the daily fluctuation amplitude of water level in the lake. Quantitative study of these re-lationships is of great importance to utilize water resources and to protect water environment and aquaticecology in the Poyang Lake.
引文
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[2]HU Qi,FENG Song,GUO Hua,et al.Interactions of the Yangtze River flow and hydrologic processes of the Poy Lake,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2007,347:90-100.
[3]刘元波,张奇,等.鄱阳湖流域气候水文过程及水环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[4]刘健,张奇,等.近50年鄱阳湖流域径流变化特征研究[J].热带地理,2009,29(30):213-218.
[5]叶许春,李相虎,张奇.长江倒灌鄱阳湖的时序变化及其影响因素[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(11):1-7.
[6]杨沛钧,廖智凌.鄱阳湖流域江湖关系研究综述[J].中国农村水利水电技术,2017(3):65-67.
[7]万荣荣,杨桂山.长江中游通江湖泊江湖关系研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(1):1-8.
[8]胡春宏,阮本清,张双虎,等.长江与洞庭湖、鄱阳湖关系演变及其调控[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[9]姜家虎,黄群.三峡工程对鄱阳湖水位影响研究[J].自然资源学报,1997,12(3):219-224.
[10]许继军,陈进.三峡水库运行对鄱阳湖影响及对策研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(7):757-762.
[11]刘志刚,倪兆奎.鄱阳湖发展演变及江湖关系变化影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1267-1274.
[12]陈进.长江演变与水资源利用[M].武汉:长江出版社,2012.
[13]唐国华,许闻婷,胡振鹏.森林植被改善对鄱阳湖流域径流和输沙过程的影响[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(2):12-21.
[14]殷剑敏,苏布达,杨晓玲,等.鄱阳湖流域气候变化影响评估报告[M].北京:气象出版社,2011.
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