冀北山地华北落叶松全生长季树干液流及蒸腾耗水特征
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摘要
依据组织热平衡原理,运用热扩散探针法,于2015年3月1日—2016年3月1日对冀北山地小五台自然保护区华北落叶松的树干液流速率进行连续监测,并同步观测气温、相对湿度、净辐射、总辐射、风速等环境因子的变化,研究其树干液流特征以及与环境因子的关系。结果表明:(1)小五台地区,华北落叶松树干液流启动于4月下旬,结束于10月上旬,前后历时160多d。晴天条件下,不同月份树干液流速率日变化均呈典型的单峰曲线,且液流的启动、到达峰值、结束时间以及液流升降速率存在差异。(2)生长季华北落叶松树干液流速率峰值以7、8、9月最高,都达到0.034 kg·h~(1)cm~(1)以上;日均值以7、8月最高,达到0.014 kg·h~(1)cm~(1)以上。(3)华北落叶松树干液流速率与空气温度、净辐射、总辐射、水汽压亏缺、风速呈极显著正相关,与空气湿度呈极显著负相关。环境因子对树干液流速率影响的大小顺序为:净辐射>空气温度>总辐射>空气湿度>风速。(4)整个生长季华北落叶松单株总耗水量为2 145.73±379.30 kg,其中以7、8月耗水量最大,分别为517.23±54.60和515.01±71.58 kg。
Based on tissue heat balance theory, thermal dissipation sap flow velocity probes(TDPs) were used to measure sap flow velocity of Larix principis-rupprechtii at Xiaowutai natural reserve in northern mountain areas of Hebei province. To research the response of stem sap flow characteristic to environmental factors, the air temperature, relative humidity, solar net radiation, total radiation, wind speed were simultaneously observed from March, 2015 to March, 2016. The results showed:(1) Stem sap flow of Larix principis-rupprechtii started in late April and ended in early October, which lasted for more than 160 days at the Xiaowutai areas. On sunny days, the daily change of stem sap flow velocity presented unimodal curve in different months.There were differences in starting, peak and ending time and changing rate of stem sap flow in different months.(2) Peak of stem sap flow velocity was highest in July, August and September in growth season, which reached more than 0.034 kg·h~(1) cm~(1). In July and August, diurnal average of stem sap flow reached to highest level that is more than 0.014 kg·h~(1) cm~(1).(3) Stem sap flow velocity was positively correlated with air temperature, solar net radiation, total radiation, vapor pressure deficit and wind speed, whereas a negative correlation with relative humidity was detected. Influence of environmental factors to stem sap flow velocity was in the order of solar net radiation > air temperature > total radiation > relative humidity > wind speed.(4) Water consumption of individual tree was 2 145.73±379.30 kg in the whole growth season, maximum in July and August with 517.23±54.60 and 515.01±71.58 kg.
Based on tissue heat balance theory, thermal dissipation sap flow velocity probes(TDPs) were used to measure sap flow velocity of Larix principis-rupprechtii at Xiaowutai natural reserve in northern mountain areas of Hebei province. To research the response of stem sap flow characteristic to environmental factors, the air temperature, relative humidity, solar net radiation, total radiation, wind speed were simultaneously observed from March, 2015 to March, 2016. The results showed:(1) Stem sap flow of Larix principis-rupprechtii started in late April and ended in early October, which lasted for more than 160 days at the Xiaowutai areas. On sunny days, the daily change of stem sap flow velocity presented unimodal curve in different months.There were differences in starting, peak and ending time and changing rate of stem sap flow in different months.(2) Peak of stem sap flow velocity was highest in July, August and September in growth season, which reached more than 0.034 kg·h~(1) cm~(1). In July and August, diurnal average of stem sap flow reached to highest level that is more than 0.014 kg·h~(1) cm~(1).(3) Stem sap flow velocity was positively correlated with air temperature, solar net radiation, total radiation, vapor pressure deficit and wind speed, whereas a negative correlation with relative humidity was detected. Influence of environmental factors to stem sap flow velocity was in the order of solar net radiation > air temperature > total radiation > relative humidity > wind speed.(4) Water consumption of individual tree was 2 145.73±379.30 kg in the whole growth season, maximum in July and August with 517.23±54.60 and 515.01±71.58 kg.
引文
[1]杨芝歌,史宇,余新晓,等.北京山区典型树种树干液流特征及其对环境因子的响应研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(2):195-200.
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[3]李广德,王晓辉,贾黎明,等.国槐枝叶水分特征及其对树干边材液流的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(1):23-28.
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[10]刘延惠.六盘山香水河小流域典型植被生长固碳及耗水特征[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2011:117-119.
[11]徐利岗,苗正伟,杜历,等.干旱区枸杞树干液流变化特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2016,36(17):1-9.
[12]王华,欧阳志云,任玉芬,等.北京市绿化树种紫玉兰的蒸腾特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2011,31(7):1867-1876.
[13]孙鹏飞,周宏飞,李彦,等.古尔班通古特沙漠原生梭梭树干液流及耗水量[J].生态学报,2010,30(24):6901-6909.
[14]凡超,邱燕萍,李志强,等.荔枝树干液流速率与气象因子的关系[J].生态学报,2014,34(9):2401-2410.
[15]李海光,李钢铁,王彦辉,等.六盘山北侧华北落叶松耗水特性研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2008,29(3):72-76.
[16]冯永建,马长明,王彦辉,等.华北落叶松人工林蒸腾特征及其与土壤水势的关系[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(1):93-98.
[17]于洋,文仕知,秦景,等.青海云杉、华北落叶松边材液流变化规律及其与气象因子的关系[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2009,29(6):18-23.
[18]熊伟,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.华北落叶松树干液流的个体差异和林分蒸腾估计的尺度上推[J].林业科学,2008,44(1):34-40.
[19]尹光彩,周国逸,王旭.应用热脉冲系统对桉树人工林树液流通量的研究[J].生态学报,2003,23(10):1984-1990.
[2]Ortu?no M F,Conejero W,Moreno F,et al.Could trunk diameter sensors be used in woody crops for irrigation scheduling?A review of current knowledge and future perspectives[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(1):1-11.
[3]李广德,王晓辉,贾黎明,等.国槐枝叶水分特征及其对树干边材液流的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(1):23-28.
[4]K?hler M,Schwendenmann L,H?lscher D.Through fall reduction in a cacao agro forest:tree water use and soil water budgeting[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2010,150(7):1079-1089.
[5]Philp G.Whole-plant water use and canopy conductance of cassava under limited available soil water and varying evaporative demand[J].Plant&Soil,2005,278(1/2):371-383.
[6]孙龙,彭祚登,王佳茜,等.不同土壤水分对4个灌木能源树种生长和蒸腾耗水的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(10):54-61.
[7]黄滔,唐红,廖菊阳,等.长果安息香夏季光合蒸腾日变化与其环境因子的关系[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(7):62-68.
[8]徐成立,赵久宇,原民龙,等.冀北山地落叶松早期生长监测及管理技术[J].河北林果研究,2006,21(2):173-176.
[9]姚依强,陈珂,王彦辉,等.华北落叶松树干液流速率主要影响因子及关系的时间尺度变化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(2):155-161.
[10]刘延惠.六盘山香水河小流域典型植被生长固碳及耗水特征[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2011:117-119.
[11]徐利岗,苗正伟,杜历,等.干旱区枸杞树干液流变化特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2016,36(17):1-9.
[12]王华,欧阳志云,任玉芬,等.北京市绿化树种紫玉兰的蒸腾特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2011,31(7):1867-1876.
[13]孙鹏飞,周宏飞,李彦,等.古尔班通古特沙漠原生梭梭树干液流及耗水量[J].生态学报,2010,30(24):6901-6909.
[14]凡超,邱燕萍,李志强,等.荔枝树干液流速率与气象因子的关系[J].生态学报,2014,34(9):2401-2410.
[15]李海光,李钢铁,王彦辉,等.六盘山北侧华北落叶松耗水特性研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2008,29(3):72-76.
[16]冯永建,马长明,王彦辉,等.华北落叶松人工林蒸腾特征及其与土壤水势的关系[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(1):93-98.
[17]于洋,文仕知,秦景,等.青海云杉、华北落叶松边材液流变化规律及其与气象因子的关系[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2009,29(6):18-23.
[18]熊伟,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.华北落叶松树干液流的个体差异和林分蒸腾估计的尺度上推[J].林业科学,2008,44(1):34-40.
[19]尹光彩,周国逸,王旭.应用热脉冲系统对桉树人工林树液流通量的研究[J].生态学报,2003,23(10):1984-1990.
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