降雨条件下边坡有限元强度折减法计算平台开发及其应用
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摘要
降雨是导致边坡失稳的主要因素。目前,使用有限元强度折减法进行降雨滑坡计算时,过程比较复杂,计算工作量大。同时,对降雨边界的处理更加大了计算的复杂性,从而影响了强度折减法在降雨滑坡计算中的推广应用。为了更加准确、高效地将有限元强度折减法应用于降雨滑坡计算,首先基于Geostudio软件采用迭代算法对降雨入渗边界进行处理,通过计算得到每一时刻边坡内的水压分布,然后利用Fortran编制程序将水压转化为等效结点力并导入ABAQUS中,之后结合"基于场变量的有限元强度折减法"对ABAQUS进行二次开发,最终建立降雨条件下边坡有限元强度折减法计算平台。该平台利用Geostudio考虑了降雨入渗边界的复杂性,克服了ABAQUS软件中不能准确模拟降雨边界的问题。同时采用ABAQUS软件提供的场变量,对有限元强度折减法的计算过程进行简化,提高了计算效率,经过一次计算即可求得每一降雨时刻的边坡稳定系数。通过与传统极限平衡法进行比较,发现两者得出的结果具有较好的一致性,表明该计算平台是稳定、可靠的。最后采用该平台对降雨滑坡机理进行研究,研究结果可为边坡防减灾提供参考。
Rainfall is a major cause for slope failures. At present,rainfall-induced slope failure analysis using shear strength reduction method is a complex and time consuming work. Meanwhile,the complexity of rainfall boundary makes such analysis more complex. As a result,the application of shear strength reduction method for slope stability analysis under rainfall conditions is limited. In order to perform such analysis more efficient,Geostudio software was adopted to obtain the pore water pressure within the slope which was then converted to equivalent node forces and passed into ABAQUS software for slope stability analysis. Combined with ‘Field variable based strength reduction FEM',a secondary development on ABAQUS software was conducted,and a computing platform for slope stability analysis under rainfall conditions using shear strength reduction FEM was developed. This computing platform overcome the limitation of ABAQUS in simulating rainfall boundary byusing Geostudio software,and promotes computational efficiency based on the field variable provided by ABAQUS software. To investigate the feasibility of the computing platform,a comparing study was performed.It was found that the results from the computing platform are in good agreement with that from the traditional limit equivalent method. This indicates the reliability of the computing platform. The study on the mechanism of rainfall-induced slope failure was then performed using the proposed computing platform.
Rainfall is a major cause for slope failures. At present,rainfall-induced slope failure analysis using shear strength reduction method is a complex and time consuming work. Meanwhile,the complexity of rainfall boundary makes such analysis more complex. As a result,the application of shear strength reduction method for slope stability analysis under rainfall conditions is limited. In order to perform such analysis more efficient,Geostudio software was adopted to obtain the pore water pressure within the slope which was then converted to equivalent node forces and passed into ABAQUS software for slope stability analysis. Combined with ‘Field variable based strength reduction FEM',a secondary development on ABAQUS software was conducted,and a computing platform for slope stability analysis under rainfall conditions using shear strength reduction FEM was developed. This computing platform overcome the limitation of ABAQUS in simulating rainfall boundary byusing Geostudio software,and promotes computational efficiency based on the field variable provided by ABAQUS software. To investigate the feasibility of the computing platform,a comparing study was performed.It was found that the results from the computing platform are in good agreement with that from the traditional limit equivalent method. This indicates the reliability of the computing platform. The study on the mechanism of rainfall-induced slope failure was then performed using the proposed computing platform.
引文
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[2]刘新喜,晏鄂川,王鹏飞,等.滑坡稳定性评价的非线性方法[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(1):34-36.[LIU X X,YAN E C,WANG P F,et al.Nonlinear method for evaluating the landslide stability[J].China Safety Science Journal,2003,13(1):34-36.(in Chinese)
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[10]Okura Y,Kitahapa H,Ochiai H,et al.Landslide fluidization process by flume experiments[J].Engineering Geology,2002,66(1):65-78.
[11]荣冠,王思敬,王恩志,等.强降雨下元磨公路典型工程边坡稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(4):704-711.[RONG G,WANG S J,WANG E Z,et al.Stability analysis of Yuanmo highway slope under intensive rainfall[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(4),704-711.
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[14]Dawson E M,Roth W H,Drescher A.Slope stability analysis by strength reduction[J].Geotechnique,1999,49(6):835-840.
[15]Xu Q J,Yin H L,Cao X F,et al.A temperaturedriven strength reduction method for slope stability analysis[J].Mechanics Research Communications,2009,36:224-231.
[16]贾苍琴.考虑非饱和非稳定渗流和剪胀性的土坡稳定分析[D].上海:同济大学,2006.[JIA C Q.Soil slope stability analysis with consideration of the saturated unsaturated seepage and dialatancy characteristic of the soil[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2006.(in Chinese)]
[17]章正,张本卓.应用ABAQUS模拟边坡降雨入渗的评价性分析[J].中国科技信息,2012,89:893-900.[ZHANG Z,ZHANG B Z.Evaluation of ABAQUS’s performance in simulating rainfall infiltration into slope[J].China Science and Technology Information,2012,89:893-900.
[18]Lu N,Likos W J.Unsaturated Soil Mechanics[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,2004:132-133.
[19]Likos W J,Lu N.Suction stress characteristic curve for unsaturated soil[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2006,132(2),131-142.
[20]李宁,许建聪.基于场变量的边坡稳定分析有限元强度折减法[J].岩土力学,2012,33(1):314-318.[LI N,XU J C.Strength reduction FEM for slope stability analysis based on field variable[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(1):314-318.(in Chinese)]
[21]Neuman S P.Saturated-unsaturated seepage by finite elements[C]//Proceedings of ASCE Hydrology,1973,99(12):2233-2250.
[22]Li J H,Du L,Chen R,et al.Numerical investigation of the performance of covers with capillary barrier effects in south china[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2013,48:304-315.
[23]朱伟,程南军,陈学东,等.浅谈非饱和渗流的几个基本问题[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(2):235-240.[ZHU W,CHENG N J,CHEN X D,et al.Some fundamental problems of unsaturated seepage[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(2):235-240.(in Chinese)]
[24]陈学东.浅层非饱和带降雨入渗规律的试验与数值研究[D].南京:河海大学,2005.[CHEN X D.Experiments and numerical study on rainfall infiltration into shallow unsaturated soils[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2005.(in Chinese)]
[25]Van GENUCHTEN M T H.A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J].Soil Science Society of American Journal,1980,44(5):892-898.
[26]Geotechnical Engineering Office.Geotechnical Manual for Slopes[M].Hongkong:The government of the Hong Kong special Administrative Region,2011.
[2]刘新喜,晏鄂川,王鹏飞,等.滑坡稳定性评价的非线性方法[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(1):34-36.[LIU X X,YAN E C,WANG P F,et al.Nonlinear method for evaluating the landslide stability[J].China Safety Science Journal,2003,13(1):34-36.(in Chinese)
[3]Ng C W,Shi Q.A numerical investigation of the stability of unstaturated soil slopes subjected to transient seepage[J].Computer and Geotechanics,1998,22(1):1-28.
[4]刘艳辉,方志伟,温铭生,等.川东北地区强降雨诱发崩滑流灾害分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(2):111-115.[LIU Y H,FANG Z W,WEN M S,et al.Analysis of geo-hazards and rainfall in northeast of Sichuan Province,China[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2014,41(2):111-115.(in Chinese)
[5]赵国通,朱小龙,马佰衡.河北省崩塌滑坡滞后于降雨的地质背景分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(2):151-155.[ZHAO G T,ZHU X L,MA B H.Geological background analysis of the collapse and landslide lagging behind rainfall in Hebei Province[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2015,42(2):151-155.(in Chinese)
[6]张泰丽,周爱国,施斌,等.台风暴雨条件下滑坡变形特征物理试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(6):127-132.[ZHANG T L,ZHOU A G,SHI B,et al.Physical experiment research on landslide deformation characteristics under the condition of the typhoon heavy rain[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(6):127-132.(in Chinese)
[7]Cai F,Ugai K,Wakai A,et al.Effect of horizontal drains on slope stability under rainfall by threedimensional finite element analysis[J].Computers and Geotechnics,1998,23:255-275.
[8]Cai F,Ugai K.Numerical analysis of rainfall effects on slope stability[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2004,4(2):69-78.
[9]于玉贞,林鸿州,李广信.边坡滑动预测的有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(8):1264-1267.[YU Y Z,LIN H Z,LI G X.Analysis of finite element method for early warning of landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(8):1264-1267.(in Chinese)
[10]Okura Y,Kitahapa H,Ochiai H,et al.Landslide fluidization process by flume experiments[J].Engineering Geology,2002,66(1):65-78.
[11]荣冠,王思敬,王恩志,等.强降雨下元磨公路典型工程边坡稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(4):704-711.[RONG G,WANG S J,WANG E Z,et al.Stability analysis of Yuanmo highway slope under intensive rainfall[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(4),704-711.
[12]林鸿州,于玉贞,李广信,等.强度折减有限元法在滑坡特性预测的应用探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(2):229-233.[LIN H Z,YU Y Z,LI G X,et al.ON Application of soli-water characteristic curves to landslide forecast[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,28(12):2569-2576.(in Chinese)]
[13]王协群,张有祥,邹维列,等.降雨入渗条件下非饱和路堤变形与边坡的稳定数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3640-3655.[WANG X Q,ZHANG Y X,ZOU W L,et al.Numerical simulation for unsaturated road-embankment deformation and slope stability under rainfall infiltration[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3640-3655.(in Chinese)]
[14]Dawson E M,Roth W H,Drescher A.Slope stability analysis by strength reduction[J].Geotechnique,1999,49(6):835-840.
[15]Xu Q J,Yin H L,Cao X F,et al.A temperaturedriven strength reduction method for slope stability analysis[J].Mechanics Research Communications,2009,36:224-231.
[16]贾苍琴.考虑非饱和非稳定渗流和剪胀性的土坡稳定分析[D].上海:同济大学,2006.[JIA C Q.Soil slope stability analysis with consideration of the saturated unsaturated seepage and dialatancy characteristic of the soil[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2006.(in Chinese)]
[17]章正,张本卓.应用ABAQUS模拟边坡降雨入渗的评价性分析[J].中国科技信息,2012,89:893-900.[ZHANG Z,ZHANG B Z.Evaluation of ABAQUS’s performance in simulating rainfall infiltration into slope[J].China Science and Technology Information,2012,89:893-900.
[18]Lu N,Likos W J.Unsaturated Soil Mechanics[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,2004:132-133.
[19]Likos W J,Lu N.Suction stress characteristic curve for unsaturated soil[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2006,132(2),131-142.
[20]李宁,许建聪.基于场变量的边坡稳定分析有限元强度折减法[J].岩土力学,2012,33(1):314-318.[LI N,XU J C.Strength reduction FEM for slope stability analysis based on field variable[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(1):314-318.(in Chinese)]
[21]Neuman S P.Saturated-unsaturated seepage by finite elements[C]//Proceedings of ASCE Hydrology,1973,99(12):2233-2250.
[22]Li J H,Du L,Chen R,et al.Numerical investigation of the performance of covers with capillary barrier effects in south china[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2013,48:304-315.
[23]朱伟,程南军,陈学东,等.浅谈非饱和渗流的几个基本问题[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(2):235-240.[ZHU W,CHENG N J,CHEN X D,et al.Some fundamental problems of unsaturated seepage[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(2):235-240.(in Chinese)]
[24]陈学东.浅层非饱和带降雨入渗规律的试验与数值研究[D].南京:河海大学,2005.[CHEN X D.Experiments and numerical study on rainfall infiltration into shallow unsaturated soils[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2005.(in Chinese)]
[25]Van GENUCHTEN M T H.A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J].Soil Science Society of American Journal,1980,44(5):892-898.
[26]Geotechnical Engineering Office.Geotechnical Manual for Slopes[M].Hongkong:The government of the Hong Kong special Administrative Region,2011.
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