乍喀原油管道的计量交接模式
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摘要
在国内石油行业改革过程中,出现了石油公司管道业务部门重组的情况,其独立成为以专门提供管道输油业务为主体的公司。为了进一步规范提高公司主体之间的原油计量交接管理,以乍喀(乍得-喀麦隆)跨国原油管道的计量交接管理模式为例,从计量装置配备、计量交接流程、数据监控管理及故障争议处理等方面,分析了在API等国际标准体系下,以体积计量为基础的石油公司与管道公司之间的原油计量交接管理模式。乍喀原油管道计量交接管理模式具有计量精度高、自动化程度高、公平公正性强、投资使用率高以及执行效率高等特点,为目前原油管道的计量交接提供了参考。
During the reform of domestic petroleum industry, pipeline business departments of petroleum companies are reorganized and transformed into independent company to provide oil transportation service dominantly. In order to standardize and improve management of crude oil metering and transfer between the companies, the metering and transfer system of ChadCameroon Crude Oil Pipeline was taken as an example to analyze the volume-based metering and transfer mode between oil companies and pipeline companies under the international standard systems(e.g. API) from the aspects of metering equipment setup, metering and transfer process, data supervision & management, and malfunction and dispute treatment. It is shown that the metering and transfer mode of Chad-Cameroon Crude Oil Pipeline is characterized by high metering accuracy, high automation level, strong fairness, high investment utilization rate and high executive efficiency. The mode provides the reference for the metering and transfer of the existing crude oil pipelines.
During the reform of domestic petroleum industry, pipeline business departments of petroleum companies are reorganized and transformed into independent company to provide oil transportation service dominantly. In order to standardize and improve management of crude oil metering and transfer between the companies, the metering and transfer system of ChadCameroon Crude Oil Pipeline was taken as an example to analyze the volume-based metering and transfer mode between oil companies and pipeline companies under the international standard systems(e.g. API) from the aspects of metering equipment setup, metering and transfer process, data supervision & management, and malfunction and dispute treatment. It is shown that the metering and transfer mode of Chad-Cameroon Crude Oil Pipeline is characterized by high metering accuracy, high automation level, strong fairness, high investment utilization rate and high executive efficiency. The mode provides the reference for the metering and transfer of the existing crude oil pipelines.
引文
[1]李嘉宁,张元旦.石油计量交接方式与计量技术的现状和展望[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2013(18):124.LI J N,ZHANG Y D.Current situation and preview of custody transfer and measurement technology for crude oil[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2013(18):124.
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[16]吴瑞松,叶成,王世龙.原油输送的动态计量及误差分析[J].中国新技术新产品,2010(16):3-4.WU R S,YE C,WANG S L.Crude oil dynamic metering and difference analysis[J].China New Technologies and Products,2010(16):3-4.
[17]郭文辉,曾献军,张智斌,等.原油交接计量误差分析及控制[J].中国计量,2010(2):92-93.GUO W H,ZENG X J,ZHANG Z B,et al.Metering difference analysis and control in crude oil custody transfer[J].China Metrology,2010(2):92-93.
[18]葛军德,唐湛淇.浅议原油内部交接计量管理[J].石油工业技术监督,2007,23(11):55-56.GE J D,TANG Z Q.Discussion on internal crude oil metering and transfer management[J].Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry,2007,23(11):55-56.
[19]王玉生.谈降低庆哈原油输送交接中的计量误差[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2011,31(8):192.WANG Y S.Comments on metering difference of Qing-Ha Crude Oil Transportation Pipeline[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2011,31(8):192.
[20]陈文莹.原油计量中的密度因素分析[J].油气储运,2003,22(12):36-38.CHEN W Y.Analysis on the density factor in metering of crude oil[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2003,22(12):36-38.
[21]董晶.原油计量中存在的问题及解决措施[J].石化技术,2016,23(8):225.DONG J.Problems in the crude oil metering and solutions[J].Petrochemical Industry Technology,2016,23(8):225.
[2]茹德武,秦海洋.降低原油交接中的计量误差[J].油气储运,2005,24(2):48-50.RU D W,QIN H Y.Technique to reduce the metering error in crude oil custody transfer metering[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2005,24(2):48-50.
[3]薛荣.石油计量交接方式与计量技术的现状和展望[J].石油商技,2007,25(5):43-46.XUE R.Situation and prospection on crude oil custody transfer and metering technology[J].Petroleum Products Application Research,2007,25(5):43-46.
[4]金海英.谈原油计量交接体制[J].石油工业技术监督,2008,24(1):47-48.JIN H Y.On crude metering transfer system[J].Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry,2008,24(1):47-48.
[5]张连社,赵庆勇.油气计量的现状及计量方式的选择[J].油气田地面工程,2012,31(5):58-59.ZHANG L S,ZHAO Q Y.Current situation of measurement of oil&gas and selection of measurement method[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2012,31(5):58-59.
[6]魏进祥,尉忠友.关于我国油品计量交接体制科学性的讨论[J].计量技术,2004(3):33-35.WEI J X,WEI Z Y.Discussion on scientifi calness of China oil metering system[J].Measurement Technique,2004(3):33-35.
[7]郭文辉,曾献军,张智斌,等.原油交接计量误差分析及控制[J].中国计量,2010(2):92-93.GUO W H,ZENG X J,ZHANG Z B,et al.Crude oil metering transfer difference analysis and control[J].China Metrology,2010(2):92-93.
[8]武士振,丁红梅,段立靖.影响管输原油计量交接准确度因素分析及对策[J].化工管理,2014(11):158.WU S Z,DING H M,DUAN L J.Analysis on factors of crude oil custody transfer accuracy and related measures[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2014(11):158.
[9]何立新.降低原油交接中的计量误差[J].中国科技信息,2006(13):34-35.HE L X.Technique to reduce the metering error in crude oil custody transfer metering[J].China Science and Technology Information,2006(13):34-35.
[10]付饶.原油贸易交接计量系统误差浅析[J].内蒙古石油化工,2011(19):91-92.FU R.Deviation analysis on crude oil custody transfer system[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2011(19):91-92.
[11]林睿,许小蓓.原油动态计量技术使用及提高计量准确性措施[J].工业计量,2015(增刊1):17-19.LIN R,XU X B.Application of dynamic metering technique and measurements of improving accuracy of crude oil metering[J].Industry Measurement,2015(S1):17-19.
[12]吴浩,周建文,陈群尧,等.中哈原油管道流量计运行质量分析与评估[J].检验检疫学刊,2010,20(3):1-5.WU H,ZHOU J W,CHEN Q Y,et al.The operation quality analyzing and evaluation of flow-meter metering for Kazakhstan-China Crude Oil Pipeline[J].Inspection and Quarantine Science,2010,20(3):1-5.
[13]肖延春,王志学,姚喆,等.中哈输油管道的原油计量方法[J].油气储运,2010,29(10):767-768.XIAO Y C,WANG Z X,YAO Z,et al.Crude oil metering method of Sino-Kazakhstan Oil Pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2010,29(10):767-768.
[14]黄永章,张宝生,陈福来,等.跨国原油管道边境计量标准对比分析[J].石油化工设备技术,2014,35(2):54-56.HUANG Y Z,ZHANG B S,CHEN F L,et al.Comparison and analysis of boundary metering of trans-country crude oil pipeline[J].Petro-chemical Equipment Technology,2014,35(2):54-56.
[15]孟繁春,傅振东,金庆国,等.中哈跨国原油管道的计量交接与管理[J].油气储运,2008,27(7):60-63.MENG F C,FU Z D,JIN Q G,et al.The business metrology data exchange and management of Kazakhstan-China Oil Pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2008,27(7):60-63.
[16]吴瑞松,叶成,王世龙.原油输送的动态计量及误差分析[J].中国新技术新产品,2010(16):3-4.WU R S,YE C,WANG S L.Crude oil dynamic metering and difference analysis[J].China New Technologies and Products,2010(16):3-4.
[17]郭文辉,曾献军,张智斌,等.原油交接计量误差分析及控制[J].中国计量,2010(2):92-93.GUO W H,ZENG X J,ZHANG Z B,et al.Metering difference analysis and control in crude oil custody transfer[J].China Metrology,2010(2):92-93.
[18]葛军德,唐湛淇.浅议原油内部交接计量管理[J].石油工业技术监督,2007,23(11):55-56.GE J D,TANG Z Q.Discussion on internal crude oil metering and transfer management[J].Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry,2007,23(11):55-56.
[19]王玉生.谈降低庆哈原油输送交接中的计量误差[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2011,31(8):192.WANG Y S.Comments on metering difference of Qing-Ha Crude Oil Transportation Pipeline[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2011,31(8):192.
[20]陈文莹.原油计量中的密度因素分析[J].油气储运,2003,22(12):36-38.CHEN W Y.Analysis on the density factor in metering of crude oil[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2003,22(12):36-38.
[21]董晶.原油计量中存在的问题及解决措施[J].石化技术,2016,23(8):225.DONG J.Problems in the crude oil metering and solutions[J].Petrochemical Industry Technology,2016,23(8):225.