3D地图打印技术研究
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摘要
2015年9月美国3D打印机在河北省制图院落户。笔者结合其配套打印软件,组织技术人员反复实践,研发出一套符合我国实际的3D地图生产工艺流程,成功解决了基础地理信息国标数据格式向3D格式数据转换、3D地形模型编辑、3D符号设计等一系列难题。该技术融合了3ds Max、Arc GIS、Global Mapper等多种软件制图技术,具备实用性强、可操作性强、推广价值较高等优点。产品涵盖晕渲地图、正射影像地图、专题地图、物理沙盘等品种。3D打印地图具备以下特点:色彩鲜艳、地形直观逼真;色彩设计自由,富于变化;精度高;可接收多源数据;生产效率高。
The 3D printer made in America was introduced to Hebei Provincial Institute of Cartography in September,2015. By utilizing its assorted printing software and engaging the technical staff in repeated practice,a set of technological process of production in accord with the reality of China were developed. It succeeds in resolving the series of tough problems,such as transforming the model of the fundamental geographic information data into that of the 3D data,the editing of the 3D elevation models and the designing of the3 D symbols. The technology integrates the cartographic techniques presented in varied software,such as 3ds Max,Arc GIS and Global Mapper,characterized by strong practicability,maneuverability and high value of popularizing. The technology covers hill shading topographic maps,digital orthophoto maps,thematic maps,sand table models and so on. The maps printed by 3D printers are characterized by bright colors making the elevation models real and direct,free color combination rich in variety,impressive accuracy,ability to receive multisource data and high productivity.
The 3D printer made in America was introduced to Hebei Provincial Institute of Cartography in September,2015. By utilizing its assorted printing software and engaging the technical staff in repeated practice,a set of technological process of production in accord with the reality of China were developed. It succeeds in resolving the series of tough problems,such as transforming the model of the fundamental geographic information data into that of the 3D data,the editing of the 3D elevation models and the designing of the3 D symbols. The technology integrates the cartographic techniques presented in varied software,such as 3ds Max,Arc GIS and Global Mapper,characterized by strong practicability,maneuverability and high value of popularizing. The technology covers hill shading topographic maps,digital orthophoto maps,thematic maps,sand table models and so on. The maps printed by 3D printers are characterized by bright colors making the elevation models real and direct,free color combination rich in variety,impressive accuracy,ability to receive multisource data and high productivity.
引文
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[3]王家耀,孙群,王光霞,等.地图学原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[4]沈敬伟,温永宁,陈旻,等.面向三维的注记自动配置研究[J].测绘通报,2008(1):36-39.
[5]张帆,黄先锋,李德仁.激光扫描与光学影像数据配准研究进展[J].测绘通报,2008(2):7-10.
[6]黄先锋机载Li DAR点云数据的建筑物重建研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2003.
[7]林卉,赵长胜,孙建文.数字校园3维建模与仿真的实现与设计[J].测绘通报,2004(9):43-46.
[8]刘文杰,陶本藻.实用测量数据处理方法[M].北京:测绘出版社,2000:79-81.
[9]朱效民,赵红超,刘焱,等.矢量地图叠加分析算法研究[J].中国图象图形学报,2010,15(11):1696-1706.
[10]姜秋冬,程雄,王维莉,等.基于GIS平台的系列专题地图数据组织方法[J].测绘信息与工程,2010,35(6):44-48.
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