繁殖期笼养丹顶鹤空间利用与行为时间分配的研究
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摘要
2014年3~9月,在沈阳森林动物园采用目标取样法与扫描取样法相结合的方式对3对笼养条件下的丹顶鹤空间利用及行为时间分配进行了观察与对比研究。3对笼养丹顶鹤均正常繁殖,行为表达正常,笼养条件下丹顶鹤对环境选择均出现对人工的依赖,繁殖前期在有积雪的环境下对活动区与觅食区使用频次较高,丹顶鹤更趋向于没有积雪的地面活动;繁殖中期需要安静环境,丹顶鹤在遮阴区筑巢,丹顶鹤的活动多在遮阴区与觅食区;繁殖后期环境丰富度高的时期丹顶鹤的行为也随之变得丰富,成年鹤的育雏等行为主要发生在觅食区与活动区内。笼养丹顶鹤对环境的喜好也有明显的节律性。成年丹顶鹤与幼鸟在环境选择和空间利用上在活动区与遮阴区内均出现显著性差异。
From March to September 2014,we investigated the space utilization and behavior time budget of three pairs of captive red-crowned cranes( Grus japonensis) at Shenyang Forest Zoo using target sampling and scanning sampling methods. Breeding pairs were kept in separate enclosures adjacent to each other. Each enclosure can be divided into four regions,including concrete floor,shaded shelter area,vegetation area,and feeding area. Reproduction and behavior expression of the three pairs of red-crowned cranes were normal. In captivity,environmental selection of red-crowned crane depended on zoo keeper feeding activity. In the early phase of the breeding period,the cranes used the vegetation area and feeding area more frequently when there was snow in the enclosure,and preferred to use areas without snow. In the middle phase of the breeding period,cranes required quiet environments,nested in the shaded area,and spent moretime in the shaded area and feeding area. In the late phase of the breeding period,crane behavior became rich along with high environment richness, brooding behavior of adult crane mainly occurred in feeding area and vegetation area. The preference of cranes for a type of environment also showed a pattern. Environment selection and space utilization of adult crane and juvenile crane was significantly different in both vegetated and shaded areas.
From March to September 2014,we investigated the space utilization and behavior time budget of three pairs of captive red-crowned cranes( Grus japonensis) at Shenyang Forest Zoo using target sampling and scanning sampling methods. Breeding pairs were kept in separate enclosures adjacent to each other. Each enclosure can be divided into four regions,including concrete floor,shaded shelter area,vegetation area,and feeding area. Reproduction and behavior expression of the three pairs of red-crowned cranes were normal. In captivity,environmental selection of red-crowned crane depended on zoo keeper feeding activity. In the early phase of the breeding period,the cranes used the vegetation area and feeding area more frequently when there was snow in the enclosure,and preferred to use areas without snow. In the middle phase of the breeding period,cranes required quiet environments,nested in the shaded area,and spent moretime in the shaded area and feeding area. In the late phase of the breeding period,crane behavior became rich along with high environment richness, brooding behavior of adult crane mainly occurred in feeding area and vegetation area. The preference of cranes for a type of environment also showed a pattern. Environment selection and space utilization of adult crane and juvenile crane was significantly different in both vegetated and shaded areas.
引文
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[14]徐天琦,田秀华,吴晓宇,等.人工饲养丹顶鹤育雏期行为研究[J].野生动物学报,2016,37(2):102-107.
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[16]赵芳菊,宋艳珠,赵珺,等.笼养丹顶鹤在寒冷地区越冬期昼间行为和领域利用的研究[J].广东林业科技,2015,31(6):76-80.
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[18]张艳红,邓伟,张树文,等.向海自然保护区丹顶鹤生境结构空间特征[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3725-3731.
[2]马逸清.日本丹顶鹤保护的新成就——人类保护濒危野生动物的成功范例之一[J].大自然,2003(2):9.
[3]田秀华,石全华,吕士成,等.半散放丹顶鹤越冬日活动行为[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(9):1077-1081.
[4]张萍,齐智,袁凤英,等.半散放亚成体丹顶鹤日行为观察[J].野生动物,2006,27(4):40-42.
[5]陈学涛.黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区越冬丹顶鹤警戒行为的观察[J].山东林业科技,2011,41(2):35-37.
[6]李忠秋.丹顶鹤行为观察的适宜距离:简评观察者效应[J].中国鸟类:英文版,2011,2(3):33-37.
[7]田秀华,张佰莲,刘群秀,等.笼养大鸨越冬行为的时间分配[J].动物学杂志,2005,40(2):44-49.
[8]周晓禹,刘振生,吴建平,等.丹顶鹤繁殖期行为时间分配及活动规律[J].东北林业大学学报,2002,30(1):60-62.
[9]张冬冬,田秀华,王晨.笼养丹顶鹤行为研究[J].野生动物,2007,28(4):18-22.
[10]马国恩.丹顶鹤繁殖习性的初步研究[J].野生动物,1982,3(1):10-16.
[11]邢世旺.笼养丹顶鹤的繁殖行为观察[J].生物学杂志,2001,18(5):24-25.
[12]朱永勤.笼养丹顶鹤性行为的观察[J].吉林林业科技,1989(1):30-31.
[13]邹红菲,孙岩,马建章.扎龙湿地注水后恢复初期春季丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)繁殖行为观察[J].东北师大学报:自然科学,2004,36(3):73-78.
[14]徐天琦,田秀华,吴晓宇,等.人工饲养丹顶鹤育雏期行为研究[J].野生动物学报,2016,37(2):102-107.
[15]张冬冬,田秀华,王晨.笼养丹顶鹤行为研究[J].野生动物,2007,28(4):18-22.
[16]赵芳菊,宋艳珠,赵珺,等.笼养丹顶鹤在寒冷地区越冬期昼间行为和领域利用的研究[J].广东林业科技,2015,31(6):76-80.
[17]杨晓君,杨岚.笼养绿孔雀行为活动时间分配的初步观察[J].动物学报,1996,42(S1):106-111.
[18]张艳红,邓伟,张树文,等.向海自然保护区丹顶鹤生境结构空间特征[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3725-3731.
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