新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿区植物地球化学特征及找矿有效植物和元素的选择
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摘要
喀拉通克铜镍矿区植被属土砾质荒漠植被类型。优势植物群落为白茎绢蒿(Seriphidium terrae-albae(Krasch.)Poljak),主要伴生植物有小蓬(Nanophyton erinaceum(Pall.)Bunge)、冷蒿(Artemisia frigida Willd.)等。通过对该区植物地球化学及植物对元素的积聚性研究,发现本区植物主要为富Ca、Mg贫K、Na地球化学类型。从区域背景→矿区背景→矿床上部,植物群落总体和多数植物种属的成矿及伴生元素含量逐渐增高;概率分布曲线从单峰正态分布到多峰分布;元素在不同植物种属中的分配不均匀。区域背景植物中的Cu、Ni含量与大多数元素呈正相关的关系;矿床上部Cu、Ni与其他元素正相关程度降低甚至出现负相关。植物对元素的吸收具有选择性和屏障效应。植物中积聚系数大的元素其衬度反而降低,积聚系数小的其衬度反而增高。本区白茎绢蒿、小蓬、冷蒿等植物可作为植物地球化学勘查的重要采样介质;驼绒藜、角果藜等可作为辅助采样介质。Cu、Ni、Ag可作为优先选择的指示元素;Pb、As、Bi、Co、Au可作为一般性指示元素;Zn、Cr、Mn、Mo不宜作为指示元素。
The vegetation in Kalatongke Cu-Ni ore field belongs to a type of soil gravel hungriness one. Seriphidium terrae-albae( Krasch.) Poljak. is a dominant floral community and Nanophyton erinaceum( Pall.) Bunge and Artemisia frigida Willd.,etc. major associated plants in the ore field. The main geochemical type of plants in this region are rich in Ca and Mg,but poor in K and Na. From the region background area,the mining area to the upper part of the deposit,contents of ore-forming elements and associated elements increase gradually and probability distribution curve changes from single peak normal distribution to multi peak distribution in plant community and most plant species. Distribution of elements in different plant species is uneven. Contents of Cu and Ni in plants have positive correlation relationships with most elements in the background area,but their positive correlation degree with other elements decreases and even appears negative correlation in the upper part of the deposit. Plant absorption of elements has selective and shielding effects. When the accumulation coefficient of elements is large,their contrast decreases,but the accumulation coefficient of elements is relatively small,their contrast increases in plants. In this ore field,Seriphidium terrae-albae( Krasch.) Poljak.,Nanophyton erinaceum( Pall.) Bunge and Artemisia frigida Willd.,etc. can be used as important sampling media and Ceratoides latens( J. F. Gmel.) Reveal & N. H. Holmgren and Ceratocarpus arenarius L.,etc. can be used as auxiliary sampling medium in phytogeochemistry prospecting. Cu,Ni and Ag can be used as preferred indicator elements,Pb,As,Bi,Co and Au can be used as general indicator elements and Zn,Cr,Mn and Mo should not be used as indicator elements.
The vegetation in Kalatongke Cu-Ni ore field belongs to a type of soil gravel hungriness one. Seriphidium terrae-albae( Krasch.) Poljak. is a dominant floral community and Nanophyton erinaceum( Pall.) Bunge and Artemisia frigida Willd.,etc. major associated plants in the ore field. The main geochemical type of plants in this region are rich in Ca and Mg,but poor in K and Na. From the region background area,the mining area to the upper part of the deposit,contents of ore-forming elements and associated elements increase gradually and probability distribution curve changes from single peak normal distribution to multi peak distribution in plant community and most plant species. Distribution of elements in different plant species is uneven. Contents of Cu and Ni in plants have positive correlation relationships with most elements in the background area,but their positive correlation degree with other elements decreases and even appears negative correlation in the upper part of the deposit. Plant absorption of elements has selective and shielding effects. When the accumulation coefficient of elements is large,their contrast decreases,but the accumulation coefficient of elements is relatively small,their contrast increases in plants. In this ore field,Seriphidium terrae-albae( Krasch.) Poljak.,Nanophyton erinaceum( Pall.) Bunge and Artemisia frigida Willd.,etc. can be used as important sampling media and Ceratoides latens( J. F. Gmel.) Reveal & N. H. Holmgren and Ceratocarpus arenarius L.,etc. can be used as auxiliary sampling medium in phytogeochemistry prospecting. Cu,Ni and Ag can be used as preferred indicator elements,Pb,As,Bi,Co and Au can be used as general indicator elements and Zn,Cr,Mn and Mo should not be used as indicator elements.
引文
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[3]别克扎诺夫ГP,多斯马依洛夫A C,别列尔曼AИ.哈萨克斯坦景观地球化学与金属矿床普查[J].金益,译.地质与勘探,1974(7):79-85.
[4]Anon.中哈萨克斯坦的生物地球化学普查[J].聶树人,译.青海地质,1984(2):57-63.
[5]КупустинаЛA,YщаковBН.苏联克齐尔库姆中部网脉状钨矿床生物地球化学晕的特点[J].韦俊铭,译.地质地球化学,1986(8):6-8.
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[7]TaлиповP M.汞和砷——在西乌兹别克斯坦沙漠地区对深部稀有金属和金矿床进行生物地球化学普查的指示元素[J].陈友明,译.黄金科技动态,1988(2):10-13.
[8]Badri M,Springuel I.Biogeochemical prospecting in the South-Eastern Desert of Egypt[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1994,28(3):257-264.
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[11]Reid N,Hill S M,Lewis D M.Spinifex biogeochemical expressions of buried gold mineralisation:The great mineral exploration penetrator of transported regolith[J].Applied Geochemistry,2008,23:76-84.
[12]Reid N,Hill S M,Lewis D M.Biogeochemical expressign of buried Au-mineralisation in semi-arid northern Australia:penetration of transported cover at the Titania Gold Prospect,Tanami Desert Australia[J].Geochemistry:Exploration,Environment,Analysis,2009,9:267-273.
[13]Reid N,Hill S M.Biogeochemical sampling for mineral exploration in arid terrains:Tanami Gold Province,Australia[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2010,104:105-117.
[14]Reid N,Hill S M.Spinifex biogeochemistry across arid Australia:Mineral exploration potential and chromium accumulation[J].Applied Geochemistry,2013,29:92-101.
[15]Viladevall M,Puigserver D,Saavedra J,et al.Biogeochemical exploration using the thola shrub in the andean altiplano,Bolivia[J].Geochemistry:Exploration,Environment,Analysis,2012,12:33-44.
[16]孔令韶,孙世洲,罗金铃,等.青海锡铁山矿区铅、锌的植物地球化学特征及其与成矿的关系[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1988,12(1):40-49.
[17]沈远超,杨金中,李慎之.生物地球化学方法与金矿找矿——以新疆西准噶尔安齐成矿断裂带为例[J].地质科技情报,1999,18(3):55-59.
[18]潘小菲,岑况,吴悦斌,等.公婆泉地区植物地球化学异常特征及其指矿意义[J].物探与化探,2003,27(5):371-374.
[19]宋慈安,雷良奇,杨仲平.北山荒漠景观区金、铜矿床植物地球化学找矿试验[J].物探与化探,2012,36(3):332-338.
[20]邹海洋,戴塔根,胡祥昭.喀拉通克铜镍硫化矿地质特征及找矿预测[J].地质地球化学,2001,29(3):70-75.
[21]张招崇,闫升好,陈柏林,等.新疆喀拉通克基性杂岩体的地球化学特征及其对矿床成因的约束[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2003,22(3):217-224.
[22]郗金标,张福锁,毛达如,等.新疆盐生植物群落物种多样性及其分布规律的初步研究[J].林业科学,2006(3):6-12.
[23]郗金标,张福锁,田长彦.新疆盐生植物[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[24]中科院昆明植物研究所,中科院植物所,中科院武汉植物园,等.中国植物物种信息数据库:白茎绢蒿[EB/OL].http://www.plants.csdb.cn/eflora/view/search/Chs-contents.aspx CPNI=CPNI-178-37442.
[25]中科院昆明植物研究所,中科院植物所,中科院武汉植物园,等.中国植物物种信息数据库[EB/OL].http://db.kib.ac.cn/eflora/Default.aspx.
[26]韩永志.中华人民共和国标准物质目录[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2000:123.
[27]DZ/T 0130—2006,地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范[S].
[28]唐金荣,崔熙琳,施俊法.非传统化探方法研究的新进展[J].地质通报,2009,28(2-3):232-244.
[29]Dunn C E.New Perspectives on Biogeochemical Exploration[C]//Milkereit B.Proceedings of Exploration 07:Fifth Decennial International Conference on Mineral Exploration.2007:250.
[30]阮天健,朱有光.地球化学找矿[M].北京:地质出版社,1985:169-177.
[31]胡西顺,孟广路.植物地球化学测量方法的试验效果[J].矿产与地质,2005,19(6):610-616.
[32]Batista M J,Abreu M M,Pinto M S.Biogeochemistry in Neves corvo mining region,Iberian pyrite belt,Portugal[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2007,92(2-3):159-176.
[33]贾大成,姜涛,陈圣波,等.大兴安岭多宝山铜成矿区植物地球化学特征及找矿意义[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2013,43(1):76-86.
[34]宋慈安,宋玮,雷良奇,等.干旱荒漠区勘查植物地球化学研究现状及关键科学问题[J].桂林理工大学学报,2014,34(4):595-605.
[2]Cannon H L.Geochemistry of rocks and related soils and vegetation in the Yellow Cat area,Grand County,Utah[R].United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1176,1964:127.
[3]别克扎诺夫ГP,多斯马依洛夫A C,别列尔曼AИ.哈萨克斯坦景观地球化学与金属矿床普查[J].金益,译.地质与勘探,1974(7):79-85.
[4]Anon.中哈萨克斯坦的生物地球化学普查[J].聶树人,译.青海地质,1984(2):57-63.
[5]КупустинаЛA,YщаковBН.苏联克齐尔库姆中部网脉状钨矿床生物地球化学晕的特点[J].韦俊铭,译.地质地球化学,1986(8):6-8.
[6]Okujeni C D.Biogeochemical investigation into possible use of leaf and bark samples of some savanna trees in prospecting for uranium in the Upper Benue trough,Niger[J].Journal of Scientific Research,1987,1:57-64.
[7]TaлиповP M.汞和砷——在西乌兹别克斯坦沙漠地区对深部稀有金属和金矿床进行生物地球化学普查的指示元素[J].陈友明,译.黄金科技动态,1988(2):10-13.
[8]Badri M,Springuel I.Biogeochemical prospecting in the South-Eastern Desert of Egypt[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1994,28(3):257-264.
[9]Nkoane B B M,Sawula G M,Wibetoe G,et al.Identification of Cu and Ni indicator plants from mineralised locations in Botswana[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2005,86:130-142.
[10]Dunn C E.Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry,Volume 9(Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry)[M].Canada:Elsevier Science,2007.
[11]Reid N,Hill S M,Lewis D M.Spinifex biogeochemical expressions of buried gold mineralisation:The great mineral exploration penetrator of transported regolith[J].Applied Geochemistry,2008,23:76-84.
[12]Reid N,Hill S M,Lewis D M.Biogeochemical expressign of buried Au-mineralisation in semi-arid northern Australia:penetration of transported cover at the Titania Gold Prospect,Tanami Desert Australia[J].Geochemistry:Exploration,Environment,Analysis,2009,9:267-273.
[13]Reid N,Hill S M.Biogeochemical sampling for mineral exploration in arid terrains:Tanami Gold Province,Australia[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2010,104:105-117.
[14]Reid N,Hill S M.Spinifex biogeochemistry across arid Australia:Mineral exploration potential and chromium accumulation[J].Applied Geochemistry,2013,29:92-101.
[15]Viladevall M,Puigserver D,Saavedra J,et al.Biogeochemical exploration using the thola shrub in the andean altiplano,Bolivia[J].Geochemistry:Exploration,Environment,Analysis,2012,12:33-44.
[16]孔令韶,孙世洲,罗金铃,等.青海锡铁山矿区铅、锌的植物地球化学特征及其与成矿的关系[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1988,12(1):40-49.
[17]沈远超,杨金中,李慎之.生物地球化学方法与金矿找矿——以新疆西准噶尔安齐成矿断裂带为例[J].地质科技情报,1999,18(3):55-59.
[18]潘小菲,岑况,吴悦斌,等.公婆泉地区植物地球化学异常特征及其指矿意义[J].物探与化探,2003,27(5):371-374.
[19]宋慈安,雷良奇,杨仲平.北山荒漠景观区金、铜矿床植物地球化学找矿试验[J].物探与化探,2012,36(3):332-338.
[20]邹海洋,戴塔根,胡祥昭.喀拉通克铜镍硫化矿地质特征及找矿预测[J].地质地球化学,2001,29(3):70-75.
[21]张招崇,闫升好,陈柏林,等.新疆喀拉通克基性杂岩体的地球化学特征及其对矿床成因的约束[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2003,22(3):217-224.
[22]郗金标,张福锁,毛达如,等.新疆盐生植物群落物种多样性及其分布规律的初步研究[J].林业科学,2006(3):6-12.
[23]郗金标,张福锁,田长彦.新疆盐生植物[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[24]中科院昆明植物研究所,中科院植物所,中科院武汉植物园,等.中国植物物种信息数据库:白茎绢蒿[EB/OL].http://www.plants.csdb.cn/eflora/view/search/Chs-contents.aspx CPNI=CPNI-178-37442.
[25]中科院昆明植物研究所,中科院植物所,中科院武汉植物园,等.中国植物物种信息数据库[EB/OL].http://db.kib.ac.cn/eflora/Default.aspx.
[26]韩永志.中华人民共和国标准物质目录[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2000:123.
[27]DZ/T 0130—2006,地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范[S].
[28]唐金荣,崔熙琳,施俊法.非传统化探方法研究的新进展[J].地质通报,2009,28(2-3):232-244.
[29]Dunn C E.New Perspectives on Biogeochemical Exploration[C]//Milkereit B.Proceedings of Exploration 07:Fifth Decennial International Conference on Mineral Exploration.2007:250.
[30]阮天健,朱有光.地球化学找矿[M].北京:地质出版社,1985:169-177.
[31]胡西顺,孟广路.植物地球化学测量方法的试验效果[J].矿产与地质,2005,19(6):610-616.
[32]Batista M J,Abreu M M,Pinto M S.Biogeochemistry in Neves corvo mining region,Iberian pyrite belt,Portugal[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2007,92(2-3):159-176.
[33]贾大成,姜涛,陈圣波,等.大兴安岭多宝山铜成矿区植物地球化学特征及找矿意义[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2013,43(1):76-86.
[34]宋慈安,宋玮,雷良奇,等.干旱荒漠区勘查植物地球化学研究现状及关键科学问题[J].桂林理工大学学报,2014,34(4):595-605.
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