Development of a borehole stress meter for studying earthquake predictions and rock mechanics, and stress seismograms of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (M 9.0)

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• 作者：Hiroshi Ishii ; Yasuhiro Asai
• 关键词：Development of borehole stress meter ; Continuous observations of stress and strain ; Earthquake prediction ; Calibration system ; 2011 Tohoku earthquake (M 9.0) ; Stress ; water pressure seismograms
• 刊名：Earth, Planets and Space
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：67
• 期：1
• 全文大小：2648KB
• 参考文献：Asai Y, Okubo M, Ishii H, Aoki H, Yamauchi T, Kitagawa Y, Koizumi N (2005) Co-seismic strain-steps associated with the 2004 off the Kii peninsula earthquakes - observed with Ishii-type borehole strainmeters and quartz-tube extensometers. Earth Planets Space 57:309-14CrossRef
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  Ishii H, Nakao S, Matsumoto S, Hirata Y (1998) Precursory crustal movements observed by multi-component borehole instrument in the case of earthquake swarms off east coast of Izu peninsula. In: Proceedings of Continuous Crustal Movement Observation in Deep Underground., pp 47-1, in Japanese
  Ishii H, Yamauchi T, Matsumoto S, Hirata Y, Nakao S (2002) Development of multi-component borehole instrument for earthquake prediction study: some observed example of precursory and co-seismic phenomena relating to earthquake swarms and application of the instrument for rock mechanics. Seismogenic Process Monitoring, Balkema, The Netherlands, pp 365-77
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  Itaba S, Matsumoto N, Kitagawa Y, Koizumi N (2011) Strain changes after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake (Mw 9.0) observed by a distant borehole strainmeter array. Poster presented at the 2011 European geosciences union, general assembly, Wien, Austria, 8 April 2011
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• 作者单位：Hiroshi Ishii (1)
  Yasuhiro Asai (1)
  
  1. Tono Research Institute of Earthquake Science (TRIES), Association for the Development of Earthquake Prediction (ADEP), 1-63 Yamanouchi Akiyo-cho, Mizunami City, Gifu Prefecture, 509-6132, Japan
  
• 刊物类别：Earth Sciences, general; Geology; Geophysics/Geodesy;
• 刊物主题：Earth Sciences, general; Geology; Geophysics/Geodesy;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1880-5981

文摘

Although precursory signs of an earthquake can occur before the event, it is difficult to observe such signs with precision, especially on earth’s surface where artificial noise and other factors complicate signal detection. One possible solution to this problem is to install monitoring instruments into the deep bedrock where earthquakes are likely to begin. When evaluating earthquake occurrence, it is necessary to elucidate the processes of stress accumulation in a medium and then release as a fault (crack) is generated, and to do so, the stress must be observed continuously. However, continuous observations of stress have not been implemented yet for earthquake monitoring programs. Strain is a secondary physical quantity whose variation varies depending on the elastic coefficient of the medium, and it can yield potentially valuable information as well. This article describes the development of a borehole stress meter that is capable of recording both continuous stress and strain at a depth of about 1 km. Specifically, this paper introduces the design principles of the stress meter as well as its actual structure. It also describes a newly developed calibration procedure and the results obtained to date for stress and strain studies of deep boreholes at three locations in Japan. To show examples of the observations, records of stress seismic waveforms generated by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (M 9.0) are presented. The results demonstrate that the stress meter data have sufficient precision and reliability. Keywords Development of borehole stress meter Continuous observations of stress and strain Earthquake prediction Calibration system 2011 Tohoku earthquake (M 9.0) Stress-water pressure seismograms