Reactions of Phenol, Water, Acetic Acid, Methanol, and 2-Hydroxymethylfuran with Olefins as Models for Bio-oil Upgrading

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• 作者：Xulai Yang ; Sabornie Chatterjee ; Zhijun Zhang ; Xifeng Zhu ; Charles U. Pittman ; Jr.
• 刊名：Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：March 3, 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：49
• 期：5
• 页码：2003-2013
• 全文大小：320K
• 年卷期：v.49,no.5(March 3, 2010)
• ISSN：1520-5045

文摘

Model liquid phase reactions of 1-octene with phenol in the presence of water, acetic acid, methanol, and 2-hydroxymethylfuran, respectively, were carried out over acid catalysts for bio-oil upgrading, including 30 wt % acidic salt Cs_2.5H_0.5PW₁₂O₄₀ supported on K-10 clay (30%Cs2.5/K-10), Nafion (NR50) and Amberlyst 15. Temperatures from 40 to 120 °C were examined. Both catalysts had a high activity and selectivity for O-alkylation of phenol with 1-octene but not with 2,4,4-trimethylpentene. The presence of water, acetic acid, and methanol lowered the yield of alkylated phenols by the competitive formation of octanols and dioctyl ethers, octyl acetates, and methyl ethers, respectively. Higher O-alkylation selectivity was obtained at the expense of lower phenol conversion in the presence of water, methanol, or acetic acid. 30%Cs2.5/K-10 is an excellent water-tolerant catalyst while Amberlyst 15 decomposed at higher temperatures and higher water concentrations. 2-Hydroxymethylfuran deactivated catalysts significantly, indicating furan derivatives in bio-oil may require modification before upgrading with olefins.