Nitric Oxide Physiological Responses and Delivery Mechanisms Probed by Water-Soluble Roussin’s Red Ester and {Fe(NO)2}10 DNIC

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• 作者：Yi-Ju Chen ; Wei-Chi Ku ; Li-Ting Feng ; Ming-Li Tsai ; Chung-Hung Hsieh ; Wen-Hwei Hsu ; Wen-Feng Liaw ; Chen-Hsiung Hung ; Yu-Ju Chen
• 刊名：Journal of the American Chemical Society
• 出版年：2008
• 出版时间：August 20, 2008
• 年：2008
• 卷：130
• 期：33
• 页码：10929-10938
• 全文大小：469K
• 年卷期：v.130,no.33(August 20, 2008)
• ISSN：1520-5126

文摘

Dinitrosyl−iron complexes (DNICs) are stable carriers for nitric oxide (NO), an important biological signaling molecule and regulator. However, the insolubility of synthetic DNICs, such as Roussin’s red ester (RRE), in water has impaired efforts to unravel their biological functions. Here, we report a water-soluble and structurally well-characterized RRE [Fe(μ-SC₂H₄COOH)(NO)₂]₂ (DNIC-1) and a {Fe(NO)₂}¹⁰ DNIC [(PPh₂(Ph-3-SO₃Na))₂Fe(NO)₂] (DNIC-2), their NO-induced protein regulation, and their cellular uptake mechanism using immortalized vascular endothelial cells as a model. Compared with the most common NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), the in vitro NO release assay showed that both DNICs acted as much slower yet higher stoichiometric NO-release agents with low cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ > 1 mM). Furthermore, l-cysteine facilitated NO release from SNAP and DNIC-1, but not DNIC-2, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. EPR spectroscopic analysis showed, for the first time, that intact DNIC-1 can either diffuse or be transported into cells independently and can transform to either paramagnetic protein bound DNIC in the presence of serum or [DNIC-(Cys)₂] with excess l-cysteine under serum-free conditions. Both DNICs subsequently induced NO-dependent upregulation of cellular heat shock protein 70 and in vivo protein S-nitrosylation. We conclude that both novel water-soluble DNICs have potential to release physiologically relevant quantities of NO and can be a good model for deciphering how iron−sulfur−nitrosyl compounds permeate into the cell membrane and for elucidating their physiological significance.